全球和我国多年冻土分布范围和实际面积研究进展

刘桂民; 张博; 王莉; 吴晓东

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2022.083

全球和我国多年冻土分布范围和实际面积研究进展

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.083

刘桂民^{1, 2, ,},
张博¹,
王莉¹,
吴晓东²

1.
兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
2.
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室, 青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站, 甘肃兰州 730070

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41941015

国家自然科学基金项目 32061143032

国家自然科学基金项目 41871060

中科院西部之光项目资助 2020-82

详细信息

作者简介:
刘桂民（1977-），女，教授，从事多年冻土与环境研究. ORCID：0000-0002-1409-789X. E-mail：liuguimin@lzjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P941.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-15
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-03
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-25

Permafrost Region and Permafrost Area in Globe and China

Liu Guimin^{1, 2
,
,},
Zhang Bo¹,
Wang Li¹,
Wu Xiaodong²

1.
School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2.
Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of the Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China

摘要

摘要: 全球变暖会导致多年冻土解冻融化，这不仅对多年冻土区的工程和基础设施产生重要影响，还会改变陆地和大气间能量、水分和碳循环而反馈于气候系统.多年冻土主要分布于地下，其实际分布资料很难获取，因而许多研究对多年冻土区及其实际面积描述不清，进而影响了多年冻土变化和碳循环等研究结果.近年来，随着遥感和模型的发展，多年冻土实际分布取得了一系列的进展.根据国内外的最新结果，对全球和我国多年冻土区及其实际面积进行了综合分析.结果表明，目前北半球多年冻土区面积约为2 100万km²，多年冻土实际面积约为1 400万km².我国青藏高原多年冻土区面积约为150万km²，实际多年冻土约为105万km²，我国其他地区的多年冻土实际分布还需进一步的研究.
- 多年冻土 /
- 多年冻土区 /
- 气候变化 /
- 青藏高原 /
- 北极 /
- 环境地质
Abstract: Global warming will lead to the thaw of permafrost degradation. The permafrost degradation can cause serious damage to engineering and infrastructure in permafrost regions, it can also change water, energy and carbon cycle between the land and the atmosphere and further create a feedback to climate change. Most permafrost is the ground below the earth's surface and thus is difficult to be detected. There are many literatures used the terms of permafrost region and permafrost area ambiguously, and the incorrectly use of the two terms can lead serious mistakes in permafrost change and carbon budget calculation. Recently, there are many advances in remote sensing and modelling of permafrost. Here it systematically reviews the literatures to clarify the area of permafrost regions and the actual permafrost area in the world as well as in China. The most recent studies show that the permafrost region in the northern hemisphere is about 21×10⁶ km², and the actual permafrost area is about 14×10⁶ km². For the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau in China, the permafrost region occupies an area of about 1.50×10⁶ km², and the actual permafrost area is about 1.06×10⁶ km². More data are required to quantify the actual permafrost area in other permafrost regions in China.
- permafrost /
- permafrost region /
- climate change /
- Qinghai-Tibetan plateau /
- Arctic /
- environmental geology

HTML全文

图 1 1990年以来国内外数据库发表关于多年冻土的论文数量

Fig. 1. The number of peer-reviewed articles published in different databases since 1990

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 北半球多年冻土区分布和实际面积比例(资源来自Obu et al., 2019)

Fig. 2. Permafrost region distribution and actual permafrost area in the northern hemisphere (data were from Obu et al., 2019)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 我国东北多年冻土分布的研究结果

Table 1. Research results on the distribution of permafrost in Northeast China

冻土分布年代(a)	面积(万km²)	方法和资料	文献
1970	26~27	冻土分布南界调查，考虑冻土连续性	Jin et al.(2007)
2000	~17	冻土分布南界调查，考虑冻土连续性	Jin et al.(2007)
2012	24	对不同的冻土图集分析	Ran et al.(2012)
2010	41	利用地温和气温数据，结合经验和半经验模型	Zhang et al. (2019)
1950	48	1951—2017年258个气象站资料，根据温度界定冻土分布	Zhang et al. (2021b)
2010	31	1951—2017年258个气象站资料，根据温度界定冻土分布	Zhang et al. (2021b)
2001—2018	68	卫星遥感的温度数据和温度统计模型	Zhang et al. (2021a)

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