Evolution Process and Dynamic Mechanism of Luzhou-Kaijiang Paleo-Uplift during Indosinian, China
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摘要: 印支期泸州-开江古隆起位于四川盆地东部，由于其顶部广泛发育的岩溶不整合面是四川盆地重要的油气储集层而受到广泛关注，但是关于该古隆起的形成时间及成因机制长期存在很大分歧，既影响了对印支期上扬子地区构造演化的认识，也不利于四川盆地油气勘探工作.基于地震、钻井和野外露头资料，详细分析泸州-开江古隆起顶部不整合面，结合区域构造事件、全球海平面变化等资料，利用前陆盆地系统演化模型对泸州-开江古隆起的演化过程及动力机制进行系统分析.认为泸州-开江古隆起的形成及发展期在晚三叠世卡尼期-诺利期，消亡于瑞替期，该古隆起是晚三叠世龙门山前陆盆地系统的一个组成单元——前缘隆起，其演化过程主要受控于晚三叠世龙门山造山楔的构造负载和前陆盆地沉积物的沉积负载.晚三叠世，在华北板块和羌塘地体共同向扬子陆块西缘汇聚的构造背景下，扬子陆块西缘发生NW-SE向地壳缩短，导致龙门山造山楔向扬子克拉通的逆冲推覆作用，控制了泸州-开江古隆起的形成与演化.Abstract: The Indosinian Luzhou-Kaijiang paleo-uplift is located in the eastern part of Sichuan basin. It has been paid more attention due to the petroleum geological significance of the karst unconformity on the paleo-uplift. However, there is a debate to the evolution process and dynamic mechanism of Luzhou-Kaijiang paleo-uplift, which has affected both the understanding on the Indosinian tectonic evolution of Upper Yangtze block and the exploration of oil and gas in Sichuan basin. The unconformity on the Luzhou-Kaijiang paleo-uplift will be analyzed in detail, based on the seismic, drilling and field outcrop data. Combined with regional tectonic events and global sea level change, the evolution process and dynamic mechanism of the paleo-uplift will be studied systematically using the evolution model of foreland basin system. It is considered that the Luzhou-Kaijiang paleo-uplift was formed and developed in the Late Triassic Carnian to Norian, and died in the Rhaetian. The Luzhou-Kaijiang paleo-uplift is a component unit (forebulge) of the Late Triassic Longmenshan foreland basin system. Its formation was driven by the tectonic load of the Longmenshan orogenic wedge and the sedimentary load in the foreland basin. The evolution process of the paleo-uplift was mainly controlled by the thrust and nappe of the Longmenshan orogenic wedge toward the Yangtze block, which was probably resulted from southeastward shortening of the western margin of the Yangtze block in response to the Late Triassic convergence among Qiangtang, Yangtze and North China blocks.
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Key words:
- Luzhou-Kaijiang paleo-uplift /
- Late Triassic /
- forland basin system /
- Sichuan basin /
- dynamic mechanism /
- forebulge /
- tectonics
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图 1 泸州-开江古隆起及周缘地区地质简图
AMLS.阿尼玛卿-勉略缝合带；AS.哀牢山缝合带；BNS.班公湖-怒江缝合带；BST.保山地体；DZ.道真剖面；GLS.甘孜-理塘缝合带；HW.汉旺剖面；JS.金沙江缝合带；LST.兰坪-思茅地体；LT.拉萨地体；NCB.华北陆块；QLX.七里峡剖面；QT.羌塘地体；SDS.商丹缝合带；SGT.松潘-甘孜地体；T18.坛18井；TX.铜西剖面；WY.威远剖面；YD.义敦地体；泸州-开江古隆起范围依据上三叠统下伏的嘉陵江组和雷口坡组一段、二段的分布范围（郭正吾等，1996）；AB线为图 4地震剖面的位置
Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of the Luzhou-Kaijiang paleo-uplift and adjacent regions
图 2 上扬子地区三叠纪年代地层格架、区域构造事件及全球海平面变化
全球海平面变化根据Haq et al.（1987）；构造事件转引自Yan et al.（2019）；汉旺剖面马鞍塘组底界年龄据Shi et al.（2017）；七里峡剖面须家河组底界年龄据Li et al.（2017）；剖面位置见图 1；T1j.嘉陵江组；T2l.雷口坡组；T2l1-5.雷口坡组一段-五段；T3m.马鞍塘组；T3xt.小塘子组；T3x.须家河组；T2x2-6.须家河组二段-六段
Fig. 2. Triassic chronostratigraphic framework and regional tectonic events in the Upper Yangtze region and global sea level changes
图 3 四川盆地及邻区三叠系地层对比图(a)与晚三叠世沉积前古地质图(b)
龙深1井据秦川等（2012）修编；威远剖面据四川省地质局（1980）修编（四川省地质局，1980.1/20万遂宁幅、自贡幅、内江幅、宜宾幅、泸州幅区域地质调查报告.成都，14-42）；南桐剖面据四川省地质局（1977a）修编（四川省地质局，1977a.1/20万綦江幅区域地质调查报告.成都，33-45）；道真剖面据四川省地质局（1977b）修编（四川省地质局，1977b.1/20万南川幅区域地质调查报告.成都，40-47）；铜西剖面据四川省地质局107地质队（1972）修编（四川省地质局107地质队，1972.1/20万酉阳幅区域地质调查报告.成都，40-47）；古地质图据郭正吾等（1996）修编
Fig. 3. Triassic stratigraphic correlation (a) and paleogeologic map before Late Triassic deposition (b) of Sichuan basin and its adjacent areas
图 4 四川盆地二维地震剖面显示的印支期不整合面下伏与上覆地层NW-SE向展布特征
Pz.古生界；T1.下三叠统；T2l.中三叠统雷口坡组；T3.上三叠统；J.侏罗系；J-K.侏罗系-白垩系；剖面AB位置见图 1
Fig. 4. NW-SE distribution characteristics of the underlying and overlying strata of the Indosinian unconformity shown in the 2D seismic profile of the Sichuan basin
图 5 四川盆地中部二维地震剖面显示的印支期不整合面特征
不整合面之下地层表现为削截；不整合面之上地层具有向南东超覆；剖面位置见图 3b
Fig. 5. Characteristics of Indosinian unconformity revealed by 2D seismic profiles in the central Sichuan basin
图 6 四川盆地及邻区中三叠世雷口坡组顶部不整合面野外露头
a.威远县新场镇雷口坡组三段顶部不整合面，镜头方向：262°；b.石柱县大塘村雷口坡组三段顶部不整合面，镜头方向：224°
Fig. 6. Field outcrops of unconformity surface at the top of Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in Sichuan basin and its adjacent areas
图 7 上扬子地区中三叠世雷口坡期沉积相空间展布与剖面图(据郭正吾等，1996修改)
Fig. 7. Spatial and section of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation sedimentary facies in the Upper Yangtse area (after Guo et al., 1996)
图 8 四川盆地上三叠统须家河组地层厚度与泸州-开江古隆起空间对比
须家河组地层厚度据郭正吾等（1996）修编
Fig. 8. Spatial correlation between stratigraphic thickness of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation and Luzhou-Kaijiang paleo-uplift in Sichuan basin
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