高寒山区河道径流的形成与水文调节机制研究进展

常启昕; 孙自永; 潘钊; 李兆峰

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2022.093

高寒山区河道径流的形成与水文调节机制研究进展

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.093

常启昕^{1, 2,},
孙自永³,
潘钊³,
李兆峰^{1, 2}

1.
地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室, 四川成都 610059
2.
成都理工大学环境与土木工程学院, 四川成都 610059
3.
中国地质大学环境学院, 湖北武汉 430078

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42102301

国家自然科学基金项目 41772270

国家自然科学基金项目 41971041

详细信息

作者简介:
常启昕（1987—），男，博士，讲师，主要从事水文地质研究. E-mail：changqixin19@cdut.edu.cn

中图分类号: P641
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-08
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-07
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-25

Stream Runoff Formation and Hydrological Regulation Mechanism in Mountainous Alpine Regions: A Review

Chang Qixin^{1, 2
,},
Sun Ziyong³,
Pan Zhao³,
Li Zhaofeng^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
2.
College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
3.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China

摘要

摘要: 高寒山区河道径流的形成与水文调节机制是认识流域水资源形成与转化过程，以及预测气候变化下流域水文过程响应规律的基础. 通过分析国内外相关文献，从高寒山区河道径流的水分来源及其气候变化下的影响机制、高寒山区不同类型下垫面对河道径流的调节机制、高寒山区不同类型地下水对河道径流的调节机制三个方面综述其研究进展，总结问题与不足，发现气候变化是影响高寒山区河道径流形成过程的主导因素，探究水文输入、下垫面、地下水等次要影响因素与气候变化之间的响应规律是揭示高寒山区河道径流水文调节机制的关键科学问题，并提出未来研究的总体趋势和改进建议，为高寒山区河道径流形成机制及其对气候变化的响应规律研究提供参考依据.
- 高寒山区 /
- 河道径流 /
- 径流形成 /
- 水文调节 /
- 气候变化 /
- 水文地质
Abstract: The formation and regulation mechanism of stream runoff in mountainous alpine regions is the basis of understanding the formation mechanism and transformation process of water resources in basins and predicting the response of hydrological processes in alpine watersheds to climate change. By analyzing relevant literature on hydrological processes in cold regions, we reviewed their research progress from the following three aspects: (1) the water source of stream runoff in mountainous alpine regions and its influence mechanism under climate change, (2) the regulation mechanism of stream runoff on different underlying surfaces in mountainous alpine regions, (3) the regulation mechanism of groundwater on stream runoff in mountainous alpine regions. We found that climate change was the dominant factor affecting the formation process of stream runoff in mountainous alpine regions. Moreover, the response relationship between the secondary influencing factors of stream runoff formation (such as hydrological inputs, underlying surfaces, groundwater) and climate change in mountainous alpine regions is the key to revealing the regulation mechanism of stream runoff. We proposed the future research trend and suggestions for improvement, providing a theoretical basis for the runoff formation mechanism and its response to climate change in the mountainous alpine regions.
- mountainous alpine regions /
- stream runoff /
- runoff formation /
- hydrological regulation /
- climate change /
- hydrogeology

HTML全文

图 1 祁连山“多年冻土+季节冻土”型流域产、汇流过程的概念模型（改绘自常启昕, 2019）

Fig. 1. The conceptual model of the mechanism of runoff formation in alpine-gorge catchments of Qilian Mountains, composed of "permafrost" and "seasonally frozen ground"

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 冻土消融期和冻结期两种情景下河水与浅层地下水交互关系变化概念图（改绘自Ma et al., 2017）

Fig. 2. Conceptual diagram of the interaction between river water and shallow groundwater under two scenarios of frozen period and thawed period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 高寒山区孔隙含水层类型分类概念示意图（改绘自Ma et al., 2017）

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of classification of porous aquifers in mountainous alpine regions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 高寒山区孔隙含水层的水力特征

Table 1. Hydraulic characteristics of porous aquifers in mountainous alpine regions

类别	沉积厚度（m）	沉积成因	沉积物组成	孔径和连通性	含水层类型
第Ⅰ类	5~30	冰碛和岩屑堆	无分选的角砾和巨砾	具有高连通性的大孔径	以潜水为主
第Ⅱ类	5~30	冰碛和冰川沉积	分选性很差的次棱角状的泥质砾石	具有中等连通性的大孔径	以承压为主
第Ⅲ类	20~50	冰水和冰碛沉积	分选性很差，带有不稳定性的巨石，次棱角状泥质砂砾卵石	具有中等连通性的中-大孔径	暖季：潜水冷季：承压

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