Characteristics of Structural Stratification and Zoning in Southern Junggar Basin and Its Significance for Oil and Gas Exploration
-
摘要: 准噶尔盆地南缘（简称准南）新生代变形强烈，发育3~4排逆冲叠加褶皱.依据石油反射地震和钻井资料，研究南缘逆冲构造几何学和运动学，通过计算机模拟构造变形过程，研究准南构造分层分带特征.准噶尔盆地南缘沿三叠系泥岩-侏罗系煤层、白垩系泥岩、古近系泥岩发育逆冲断层，深层的中生界断层形成于晚古近纪（~35 Ma），浅层霍玛吐断层位于古近系，发生在中新世晚期（~8 Ma），2~3个逆冲断片叠置形成叠瓦状构造.断层向盆地传递的位移量控制盆地变形，准南东段盆地褶皱隐伏地下，构造缩短量仅有~1.3 km.西段盆地二排褶皱出露地表，构造缩短量~7~9 km.断裂活动对油气运移和富集至关重要，厘定南缘构造分层分带特征、变形时间和演化序列对油气勘探意义重大.Abstract: The southern Junggar Basin underwent strong Cenozoic deformation and formed 3-4 rows of imbricate structures.It presents data on the geometry and kinematics of the imbricate structures in the southern Junggar basin based on analysis of the oil seismic reflection profiles and drilling data. The evolution process of the imbricate structures is restored by computer simulation. In the Cenozoic, thrust faults developed along Triassic mudstone and Jurassic coal, Cretaceous mudstone and Paleogene mudstone, respectively. The deep thrust faults in Mesozoic mudstone developed in Late Paleogene (~ 35 Ma), and the shallow Huo-Ma-Tu fault in Paleogene mudstone occurred in Late Miocene (~ 8 Ma). These faults were stacked and formed imbricate structures with two or three thrust sheets.The fault kinematics controls the transmission of fault displacement to the basin and affects the development and distribution of folds in the southern Junggar basin. The blind folds developed in the eastern section of the southern Junggar basin, where the faults slide to the basin with only ~1.3 km fault displacement. Two rows of folds exposed to the surface developed in the western section, where the faults slide to the basin with ~7-9 km fault displacement. Fault activity is very important for oil and gas migration and enrichment. Determining the structural characteristics, deformation time and evolution sequence is of great significance for oil and gas exploration in the southern Junggar basin.
-
图 1 构造楔和断层转折褶皱运动学模型和混合模型（据Shaw et al.，2005修改）
S1.断层位移量；Sf.褶皱吸收的位移量；S2.褶皱吸收后剩余位移量；S3.第2排褶皱吸收的位移量；Sb.沿反向断层向后传递的位移量.抬升速率大于沉积速率情况下沉积的生长地层用灰色和白色条带表示；超覆生长地层=断层转折褶皱生长地层；倾斜生长地层=构造楔生长地层；扇形生长地层=滑脱褶皱生长地层
Fig. 1. Kinematic models of wedge and fault bend fold and their mixed models (modified from Shaw et al., 2005)
图 2 准噶尔盆地南缘研究区地质构造图
1.喀拉扎背斜；2.阿克屯背斜；3.昌吉背斜；4.齐古背斜；5.清水河背斜；6.南玛纳斯背斜；7.南安集海背斜；8.呼图壁背斜；9.呼西背斜；10.吐谷鲁背斜；11.东湾背斜；12.玛纳斯背斜；13.霍尔果斯背斜；14.安集海背斜
Fig. 2. Geologic map of the research area of south margin of Junggar basin in Xinjiang, China
图 3 准噶尔盆地南缘地层层序（邵雨等，2016）
Fig. 3. Simplified stratigraphic column of the southern margin of the Junggar basin(Shao et al., 2016)
图 4 地震剖面(AA')构造解释方案
天山北麓深部南倾断层在喀拉扎背斜下伏转平，沿侏罗系底部煤层向盆地滑移.断层上盘发育喀拉扎背斜、呼图壁背斜.喀拉扎背斜前翼沉积两套生长地层：古近系倾斜生长地层、第四系超覆生长地层，古近纪断层山前发育构造楔，吸收断层位移量~23 km.新近纪断层向盆地扩展，盆地发育呼图壁背斜，吸收断层位移量~1.3 km.图例和剖面位置见图 2，天山深部地震剖面据Liu et al.（2007）
Fig. 4. The seismic interpretation section across Kalaza anticline and Hutubi anticline in the southern Junggar basin
图 5 呼图壁背斜缩短量和变形时间（面积-深度-应变图）
a.呼图壁背斜地震深度解释剖面；b.呼图壁背斜面积-隆升计算剖面；c.呼图壁背斜隆升面积曲线图；d.呼图壁背斜缩短量曲线图.滑脱断层位于8 km深度（图 5a），与计算得到的位置吻合（图 5b），1~7层是生长前地层，7~10层（古近系）是第1阶段生长断层，14~18层（上新统-第四系）是第2阶段生长地层（图 4b~4c），10~14层（新近系）是二期变形间歇期沉积的地层.呼图壁背斜总缩短量1 127 m，古近纪缩短量~641 m，上新世缩短量~486 m（图 5d）.剖面位置见图 2
Fig. 5. Deformation time and shortening of Hutubi anticline by area-depth-strain analyses
图 6 地震剖面(BB')构造解释方案和平衡反演模拟（图例和剖面位置见图 2)
反演分为3个阶段：晚侏罗世发育走滑断层，形成齐古凸起和吐谷鲁断陷，被白垩系不整合覆盖.古近纪（38 Ma）发育逆冲推覆构造，深层断层在齐古背斜下伏转平，沿侏罗系煤层向盆地滑移，发育东湾背斜、吐谷鲁背斜，断层位移量9 km.中新世（8 Ma）发育霍玛吐断层，断层位移量11 km，断层切过东湾背斜，出露于吐谷鲁背斜北翼
Fig. 6. Seismic profile (BB') interpretation model and its restored profile (see Fig. 2 for the legend and location of seismic line)
图 7 地震剖面（CC'）构造解释方案（图例和剖面位置见图 2)
山前隐伏褶皱经历两个阶段演化：晚古近纪（38 Ma）变形开始，断层未向盆地传播，断层位移量8.5 km，山前发育构造楔，沉积倾斜生长地层.晚中新世（8 Ma）断层向盆地传播，发育霍尔果斯、安集海两排褶皱，2个背斜缩短量7.1 km.山前构造楔演变为断层转折褶皱，晚期的水平生长地层覆盖早期倾斜生长地层.DD’剖面总的断层位移量大于15.6 km
Fig. 7. The seismic interpretation section across Huoergusi anticline and Anjihai anticline in the southern Junggar basin (see Fig. 2 for the legend and location of seismic line)
图 8 准南逆冲推覆构造变形量分布（剖面位置见图 2)
山前缩短量向西减小，盆地缩短量向西增加.喀拉扎背斜构造缩短量23 km，背斜高陡直立，侏罗系出露地表，盆地呼图壁背斜缩短量1~2 km，背斜隐伏地下.向西山前缩短量减至8 km，白垩系-古近系逐渐被新近系-第四系覆盖.盆地缩短量增至7 km，霍玛吐断层位移量向西增加8~11 km，发育东湾背斜、吐谷鲁背斜+呼图壁背斜+霍尔果斯背斜、安集海背斜3排褶皱
Fig. 8. Along-strike variations in displacement along the south margin of Junggar basin(see Fig. 2 for the legend and location of seismic line)
-
Avouac, J. P., Tapponnier, P., Bai, M., et al., 1993. Active Thrusting and Folding along the Northern Tien Shan and Late Cenozoic Rotation of the Tarim Relative to Dzungaria and Kazakhstan. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 98(B4): 6755-6804. https://doi.org/10.1029/92jb01963 Charreau, J., Chen, Y., Gilder, S., et al., 2009. Neogene Uplift of the Tian Shan Mountains Observed in the Magnetic Record of the Jingou River Section (Northwest China). Tectonics, 28(2): TC2008. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007TC002137 Eichelberger, N. W., Hughes, A. N., Nunns, A. G., 2015. Combining Multiple Quantitative Structural Analysis Techniques to Create Robust Structural Interpretations. Interpretation, 3(4): SAA89-SAA104. https://doi.org/10.1190/int-2015-0016.1 Gonzalez-Mieres, R., Suppe, J., 2006. Relief and Shortening in Detachment Folds. Journal of Structural Geology, 28(10): 1785-1807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2006.07.001 Gonzalez-Mieres, R., Suppe, J., 2011. Shortening Histories in Active Detachment Folds Based on Area-of-Relief Methods. In: McClay, ed., Thrust Fault-Related Folding. AAPG Memoir. https://doi.org/10.1306/13251332m943428 Guan, S. W., Stockmeyer, J. M., Shaw, J. H., et al., 2016. Structural Inversion, Imbricate Wedging, and Out-of-Sequence Thrusting in the Southern Junggar Fold-and-Thrust Belt, Northern Tian Shan, China. AAPG Bulletin, 100(9): 1443-1468. https://doi.org/10.1306/04041615023 Guan, S. W., Zhang, C. J., He, D. F., et al., 2006. Complex Structural Analysis and Modeling: The First Row of Anticlinal Belt on the Southern Margin of the Junggar Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica, 80(8): 1131-1140(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2006.08.005 Li, B. L., Chen, Z. X., Lei, Y. L., et al., 2011. Structural Geology Correlation of Foreland Thrust-Folded Belts between the Southern and Northern Edges of the Tianshan Mountain and Some Suggestions for Hydrocarbon Exploration. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 32(3): 395-403(in Chinese with English abstract). Li, B. L., Guan, S. W., Cheng, Z. X., 2010. Fault-Related Fold Theory and Application: Take the Geological Structure of the Southern Margin of the Junggar Basin as an Example. Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing(in Chinese). Li, B. L., Guan, S. W., Chen, Z. X., et al., 2012. The Effect of Wedge Structure on Displacement Subduction of Piedmont Thrust Structure: A Case Study of the Southern Margin of Junggar Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica, 86(6): 890-897(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2012.06.004 Liu, B. J., Shen, J., Zhang, X. K., et al., 2007. The Crust Structures and Tectonics of Ürümqi Depression Revealed by Deep Seismic Reflection Profile in the Northern Margin of Tianshan Mountains. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 50(5): 1274-1282. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjg2.1146 Lu, R. Q., He, D. F., Xu, X. W., et al., 2018. Seismotectonics of the 2016 M 6.2 Hutubi Earthquake: Implications for the 1906 M 7.7 Manas Earthquake in the Northern Tian Shan Belt, China. Seismological Research Letters, 89(1): 13-21. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170123 Mao, Z. G., Zhu, R. K., Wang, J. H., et al., 2021. Characteristics of Diagenesis and Pore Evolution of Volcanic Reservoir: A Case Study of Junggar Basin, Northwest China. Journal of Earth Science, 32(4): 960-971. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1366-y Medwedeff, D. A., 1990, Geometry and Kinematics of an Active, Laterally Propagating Wedge-Thrust, Wheeler Ridge, California. AAPG Bulletin, 74(5): 128950411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/44B4B61C-170A-11D7-8645000102C1865D Qiu, J. H., Rao, G., Wang, X., et al., 2019. Effects of Fault Slip Distribution on the Geometry and Kinematics of the Southern Junggar Fold-and-Thrust Belt, Northern Tian Shan. Tectonophysics, 772: 228209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2019.228209 Shao, Y., Li, X. Y., Yang, D. S., et al., 2016. Characteristics and Eveolution of Cenozoic Structure in the Southern Margin of Junggar Basin. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese). Shaw, H. J., Connors, C., Suppe, J., 2005. Seismic Interpretation of Contractional Fault-Related Folds: An AAPG Seismic Atlas. AAPG Studies in Geology, 53: 1-112. Stockmeyer, J. M., Shaw, J. H., Guan, S., 2014. Seismic Hazards of Multisegment Thrust-Fault Ruptures: Insights from the 1906 Mw 7.4-8.2 Manas, China, Earthquake. Seismological Research Letters, 85(4): 801-808. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140026 Sun, J. M., Zhang, Z. Q., 2009. Syntectonic Growth Strata and Implications for Late Cenozoic Tectonic Uplift in the Northern Tian Shan, China. Tectonophysics, 463(1-4): 60-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.008 Suppe, J., 1983. Geometry and Kinematics of Fault-Bend Folding. American Journal of Science, 283(7): 684-721. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.283.7.684 Suppe, J., Chou, G. T., Hook, S. C., 1992. Rates of Folding and Faulting Determined from Growth Strata. Thrust Tectonics. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 105-121. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3066-0_9 Wu, X. Z., Guo, Q. L., Zhang, W., et al., 2021. Characteristics of Volcanic Reservoirs and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Carboniferous System in Junggar Basin, China. Journal of Earth Science, 32(4): 972-985. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1119-y Zhu, M., Wang, X., Xiao, L. X., 2020. Structural Characteristics and Evolution in the Southern Margin of Junggar Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 41(1): 9-17(in Chinese with English abstract). Zhu, M., Yuan, B., Liang, Z. L., et al., 2021. Fault Properties and Evolution in the Periphery of Junggar Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 42(9): 1163-1173(in Chinese with English abstract). 管树巍, 张朝军, 何登发, 等, 2006. 前陆冲断带复杂构造解析与建模: 以准噶尔盆地南缘第一排背斜带为例. 地质学报, 80(8): 1131-1140. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE200608012.htm 李本亮, 陈竹新, 雷永良, 等, 2011. 天山南缘与北缘前陆冲断带构造地质特征对比及油气勘探建议. 石油学报, 32(3): 395-403. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201103003.htm 李本亮, 管树巍, 陈竹新, 等, 2010. 断层相关褶皱理论与应用——以准噶尔盆地南缘地质构造为例. 北京: 石油工业出版社. 李本亮, 管树巍, 陈竹新, 等, 2012. 楔形构造在山前冲断构造位移量消减中的作用: 以准噶尔盆地南缘为例. 地质学报, 86(6): 890-897. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE201206005.htm 邵雨, 李学义, 杨迪生, 等, 2016. 准噶尔盆地南缘新生代构造特征及演化. 北京: 科学出版社. 朱明, 汪新, 肖立新, 2020. 准噶尔盆地南缘构造特征与演化. 新疆石油地质, 41(1): 9-17. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD202001007.htm 朱明, 袁波, 梁则亮, 等, 2021. 准噶尔盆地周缘断裂属性与演化. 石油学报, 42(9): 1163-1173. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB202109004.htm -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 411
- HTML全文浏览量: 822
- PDF下载量: 57
- 被引次数: 0
