Fluid Identification and Evaluation of Tight Sandstone Reservoir in Es2 of Qibei Slope Belt in Qikou Sag
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摘要: 为了解决歧口凹陷歧北斜坡带古近系沙二段致密砂岩储层流体识别效果差、精度低等问题，在储层“四性”关系分析，测井系列优选，测井曲线标准化，岩电和核磁共振实验的基础上，建立储层参数及流体饱和度测井解释模型，采用定性‒半定量‒定量的方法对储层流体进行识别与评价.沙二段致密砂岩储层“四性”关系复杂，测井解释模型相关系数高，在0.75~0.95；重叠图法可以定性区分高阻油层与水层，Iwa-Φ及Ia-Iwa交会图版可以有效区分油层、油水层及水层，公式法可以定量划分油层、油水层、水层，计算出三者的含水饱和度区间分别为35.5%~91.4%、60.5%~96.5%、77.2%~90.9%，束缚水饱和度区间分别为30.3%~89.9%、58.2%~90.1%、62.1%~64.4%.本次流体识别及评价精度比原方法提高了25%，为研究区油气勘探开发提供了可靠的技术支持.Abstract: In order to solve the poor effect and low accuracy of fluid identification of Es2 tight sandstone reservoir in Qibei slope belt, logging interpretation model of reservoir and fluid saturation is established, based on the analysis of reservoir characteristics and "four natures" relationship, optimization of logging series, standardization of logging curve, combined with petro-electric and NMR experimental results, with an integrated approach of qualitative, semi-qualitative and quantitative methods to identify and evaluate the fluid in tight sandstone reservoir. The relationship between "four natures" of tight sandstone reservoir in Es2 is complex, and the correlation coefficient of logging interpretation model is high, ranging between 0.75 and 0.95. Overlapping-map method can qualitatively distinguish high resistivity oil layer and water layer. Cross-plot method (Iwa-Φ and Ia-Iwa) can effectively distinguish oil layer, oil-water layer and water layer.The water saturation interval of oil layer, oil-water layer, water layer calculated by the legal quantity of the formula is 35.5%-91.4%, 60.5%-96.5%, and 77.2%-90.9%, respectively, and the irreducible water saturation interval of oil layer, oil-water layer, water layer calculated by the legal quantity of the formula is 30.3%-89.9%, 58.2%-90.1%, and 62.1%-64.4%, respectively. The coincidence rate of logging fluid identification and evaluation results is 25% higher than the original logging interpretation, and it provides reliable technical support for oil and gas exploration and development in the study area.
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图 1 歧口凹陷歧北斜坡带构造位置、构造单元划分及沉积充填
据Zhang et al.（2014）修改. ①为海河‒新港断层；②为滨海断层；③为歧中断层；④为港东断层；⑤为歧东断层；⑥为南大港断层
Fig. 1. The structure location, structure units and stratigraphy of Qibei slope belt in Qikou sag
图 2 歧北斜坡带沙二段储层孔隙度‒深度(a)、渗透率‒深度(b)及压汞曲线(c)分布图
Fig. 2. Porosity-depth (a), permeability-depth (b), mercury injection curve (c) of Es2 reservoirs in Qibei slope belt
图 4 歧北斜坡带沙二段储层岩性‒物性(a)、岩性‒电性(b)及岩性‒物性‒含油性关系(c)分析图
Qo/m为产厚比，Qo/m＝0为干层，0 < Qo/m < 1为水层，1 < Qo/m < 10为油水层，10 < Qo/m为油层
Fig. 4. Lithology-physical properties (a), lithology-electricity (b) and lithology-physical properties-oilness (c) analysis diagrams of Es2 reservoirs in Qibei slope belt
图 5 歧北斜坡带沙二段储层GR-Vsh交会图
Fig. 5. GR-Vsh cross-plot of Es2 reservoirs in Qibei slope belt
图 6 歧北斜坡带沙二段地层因素与孔隙度（a）、电阻率增大率与含水饱和度（b）关系图
Fig. 6. The relationship of formation factor and porosity (a), resistivity index and water saturation (b) of Es2 reservoirs in Qibei slope belt
图 7 滨14-84井束缚水饱和度与孔隙结构指数关系
Fig. 7. Relationship between irreducible water saturation and pore structure of well Bin14-84
图 8 滨深6-滨深8井区测井曲线重叠特征
a为滨14-84井；b为滨深6井；c为滨39井
Fig. 8. Overlapping characteristics of logging curves in Binshen 6-Binshen 8 well zones
图 9 滨深6-滨深8井区沙二段储层自然伽马与电阻率交会图
Fig. 9. Cross-plot of GR-RT in Binshen 6-Binshen 8 well zones
图 10 滨深6-滨深8井区沙二段储层电阻率测井流体识别交会图
a.RT-Φ交会；b.Ia-Φ交会；c.Iwa-Φ交会；d.Ia-Iwa交会
Fig. 10. Fluid identification cross-plot of resistivity logging of Es2 reservoirs in Binshen 6-Binshen 8 well zones
图 11 滨深18井沙二段储层测井流体识别成果图
Fig. 11. Logging fluid identification results of Es2 reservoirs in Binshen 18 well
表 1 歧北斜坡带沙二段储层原油物性统计表
Table 1. Statistics of physical properties of crude oil of Es2 reservoirs in Qibei slope belt
原油物性参数 最小值 最大值 平均值 样本数 密度（20℃）
粘度（50℃）
凝固点（℃）
含蜡（%）
含硫（%）
含胶量（%）0.81
2.4
16
7.78
0.04
2.730.89
21
39
21.3
0.43
29.70.85
9.8
26.7
14.7
0.14
16.316
16
16
16
16
16
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表 2 歧北斜坡带沙二段储层不同流体电性响应特征
Table 2. Electrical response characteristics of different fluids of Es2 reservoirs in Qibei slope belt
试油结论 GR（API） AC（μs/m） RT（Ω•m） 层数 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 油层
油水层
水层57.38
67.29
58.04102.97
103.68
105.2673.94
84.63
81.12199.45
214.21
227.27325.26
300.61
333.21243.58
239.65
274.382.53
4.92
2.3543.69
11.33
7.1613.02
8.14
3.8352
16
27
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表 3 歧北斜坡带滨深6-滨深8井区沙二段储层参数模型及流体饱和度模型
Table 3. Reservoir parameter model and fluid saturation model of Es2 reservoirs of Binshen 6 and Binshen 8 well zones in Qibei slope belt
参数 模型 R 样本数 泥质含量（Vsh） Vsh=0.67·4△GR‒0.33 0.88 64 孔隙度（Φ） Φ= 0.307 5·AC‒61.907 0.88 57 Φ= 0.896 5·CN‒1.492 3 0.63 57 Φ= -50.466·DEN+135.64 0.70 57 Φ= 0.094·AC+1.338·CN‒18.457·DEN+18.359 0.95 57 渗透率（K） K=0.002 7·e0.370 3Φ 0.79 64 地层水电阻率（Rw） Rw= (3×105p-0.952 4+1)/(1.8T+39) 0.75 13 含水饱和度（Sw） Sw=[(5.33Rw)/(Φ1.3·RT)] 1/1.857 0.95 23 束缚水饱和度（Swi） Swi=84.745e(-5.37√(K/Φ)) 0.92 10
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表 4 滨14-84井岩心核磁共振实验结果
Table 4. Core NMR experimental results of well Bin14-84
岩样编号 深度（m） 直径（cm） 长度（cm） 孔隙度（%） 渗透率（10-3μm2） T2截止值（ms） 束缚水饱和度（%） 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
103 813.37
3 813.38
3 821.15
3 821.16
3 824.36
3 838.67
3 838.68
3 842.02
3 846.11
3 846.122.53
2.53
2.53
2.53
2.53
2.53
2.53
2.53
2.53
2.534.08
5.63
4.13
5.73
5.63
5.91
3.96
6.06
4.05
6.4212.59
12.63
11.22
12.58
13.12
14.39
12.68
12.75
13.95
14.060.24
0.26
0.07
0.07
0.09
0.94
0.31
0.35
0.53
0.7484.5
82.4
93.1
90.6
91.4
92.3
93.4
87.3
86.9
85.781.01
80.57
82.64
82.57
80.14
62.03
74.67
73.89
64.41
62.13
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表 5 滨深6-滨深8井区沙二段致密砂岩储层测井流体饱和度验证表
Table 5. Verification of logging fluid saturation of tight sandstone reservoir in Binshen 6-Binshen 8 well zones
试油结论 含水饱和度（%） 含油饱和度（%） 束缚水饱和度（%） 可动流体饱和度（%） 样本数 油层 35.5~91.4（65.5） 8.6~64.5（34.5） 30.3~89.9（61.5） 10.1~69.7（38.5） 42 油水层 60.5~96.5（81.3） 3.5~39.5（18.7） 58.2~90.1（70.9） 9.9~41.8（29.1） 13 水层 77.2~90.9（85.4） 9.1~22.8（14.6） 62.1~64.4（63.2） 35.6~37.9（36.8） 3 注：最小值‒最大值（平均值）.
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表 6 滨深18井孔隙度、渗透率及饱和度测井计算结果与实测数据对比
Table 6. Comparison between calculated results of porosity, permeability and saturation model and measured data of Binshen 18 well
层号 井段（m） 层厚（m） 孔隙度（%） 渗透率（10-3μm2） 含水饱和度（%） 试油数据（t/d） 绝对误差 相对误差 绝对误差 相对误差 ① 4 038.5~4 043.0 4.5 +0.18 +2.74% +0.18 +9.13% 52.3 9.16 ② 4 071.2~4 073.1 1.9 +0.53 +5.45% ‒0.06 ‒5.28% 44.2 10.54 ③ 4 078.8~4 088.9 10.1 +0.11 +1.19% ‒0.07 ‒4.37% 64.9 9.61 ④ 4 188.2~4 189.5 1.3 ‒0.24 ‒3.91% +0.04 +2.34% 85.4 1.74 ⑤ 4 193.7~4 197.3 3.6 +0.42 +6.29% +0.02 +2.19% 84.6 0.94 ⑥ 4 198.0~4 201.5 3.5 ‒0.32 ‒5.03% +0.03 +3.67% 91.3 1.78 ⑦ 4 203.7~4 205.5 1.8 +0.58 +7.72% ‒0.06 ‒3.49% 73.9 1.62
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