Non-Destructive Detection of Anchor Defects Using Ultrasonic Guided Wave and ICEEMDAN Method
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摘要: 为了对锚固体内部缺陷进行定量检测，提出利用有限元方法模拟超声导波在缺陷锚杆中的传播过程，采用改进的自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解（ICEEMDAN）方法处理超声导波反射信号，并根据分解后的固有模态函数的峰值，获取缺陷反射波的到达时间，从而确定锚固缺陷的位置及长度.参数分析表明，基于所提出方法推断的缺陷位置与实际情况吻合较好，并且单个缺陷长度的计算误差为3.3%，多个缺陷长度的计算误差在10%以内.因此，基于ICEEMDAN的超声导波法可以作为锚杆内部缺陷检测的有效手段.Abstract: In order to quantitatively detect the internal defects of anchor, it is proposed to use the finite element method to simulate the propagation process of the ultrasonic guided wave in the defective anchor, and to use the improved adaptive noise complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (ICEEMDAN) method to process the ultrasonic guided wave reflection signal. Then, according to the peak value in the decomposed intrinsic mode function (IMF), the arrival time of the defect reflection wave is obtained, based on which the position and length of the anchorage defects are evaluated. A series of parameter analyses show that the defect location deduced based on the proposed method is in good agreement with the actual situation, and the calculation error of single defect length is within 3.3%, and the calculation error of multiple defect length is less than 10%. Hence, the ultrasonic guided wave method based on ICEEMDAN can be used as an effective means to detect the internal defects of the bolt.
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Key words:
- anchorage defect /
- ICEEMDAN /
- ultrasonic guided wave /
- numerical simulation /
- non-destructive testing /
- hazards /
- engineering geology
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图 2 锚杆几何模型
a.自由锚杆；b.全长锚固密实锚杆；c.锚杆自由段为0.3 m；d.缺陷位于锚固体上部；e.缺陷位于锚固体中部；f.缺陷位于锚固体下部；g.一个长度为0.9 m的缺陷；h；两个长度为0.45 m的缺陷；i. 三个长度为0.3 m的缺陷；j. 一个长度为0.6 m的缺陷；k.两个长度为0.6 m的缺陷
Fig. 2. Geometric models of anchors
图 5 不同缺陷位置的锚杆中超声导波波形
a.原始信号；b.放大后的信号
Fig. 5. Waveforms of ultrasonic guided waves in bolts with different defect positions
图 6 不同缺陷个数的锚杆中超声导波波形
a.原始信号；b.放大后的信号
Fig. 6. Waveforms of ultrasonic guided waves in bolts with different numbers of defects
图 9 原始信号的ICEEMDAN分解结果
a~j表示IMF1~IMF10
Fig. 9. The decomposition results of the original signal by ICEEMDAN
图 10 缺陷锚杆中的超声导波位移云图
Fig. 10. Displacement cloud images of ultrasonic guided wave in defective bolt
图 11 单一缺陷且长度为0.6 m时原始信号的ICEEMDAN分解结果（IMF2）
Fig. 11. The decomposition results of the original signal by ICEEMDAN(IMF2) under a single defect of 0.6 m
图 12 单一缺陷且长度为0.9 m时原始信号的ICEEMDAN分解结果（IMF2）
Fig. 12. The decomposition results of the original signal by ICEEMDAN(IMF2) under a single defect of 0.9 m
图 13 两个缺陷且缺陷长为0.45 m时原始信号的ICEEMDAN分解结果（IMF2）
Fig. 13. The decomposition results of the original signal by ICEEMDAN(IMF2) under two equal length defects of 0.45 m
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