Distribution and Environmental Implication of GDGTs in Lake Surface Sediments from Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River
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摘要: 本研究以长江中下游28个湖泊为研究对象，分析不同类型GDGTs化合物的分布特征，包括相对含量以及GDGTs各相关指标.并通过对比中国境内土壤GDGTs的分布情况，以探讨湖泊GDGTs的来源问题，研究结果表明：可能受产甲烷古菌的影响，这些浅水湖泊中古菌来源isoGDGTs与土壤存在较大差异，然而细菌来源的brGDGTs与土壤差异并不显著，据此推测很有可能来源于湖泊周边土壤的贡献.此外，这些受不同程度富营养化影响的湖泊表层沉积物GDGTs与水体化学参数的相关性分析结果显示，环境参数似乎并不能影响GDGTs的分布，然而水深与crenarchaeol之间存在显著正相关，表明在这些湖泊中，水深会影响古菌特别是奇古菌的分布.Abstract: In this study, it aims to examine the fractional abundance of GDGTs and GDGT-based proxies in 28 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. It compares the GDGT distributions of these lakes with the published Chinese soil data to determine the lacustrine GDGT sources. The results indicate that there are different distributions of isoGDGTs between lake sediments and soils, however, the brGDGT distributions show no significant difference between lake sediments and soils, indicating that brGDGTs from lacustrine sediments may come from soils surrounding the lakes. It further measured the relationship between chemical parameters and GDGT distributions of these lakes affected by varying degrees of eutrophication. Our results show that only the water depth displays significant correlation with crenarchaeol, which implies that water depth may influence the production of Thaumarchaeota in these lake environments.
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图 2 28个长江中下游湖泊表层沉积物isoGDGTs分布特征
Fig. 2. Distribution pattern of isoGDGTs from 28 lake surface sediments in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River
图 3 28个长江中下游湖泊表层沉积物isoGDGTs平均相对丰度(a)；洪泽湖表层沉积中isoGDGTs的相对丰度(b)；石臼湖表层沉积物isoGDGTs的相对丰度(c)
Fig. 3. The average fractional abundance of isoGDGTs from 28 lake surface sediments in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River (a); fractional abundances of isoGDGTs in surface sediments from Hongze Lake (b) and Shijiu Lake (c)
图 4 28个长江中下游湖泊表层沉积物brGDGTs分布特征
Fig. 4. Distribution pattern of brGDGTs from 28 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River
图 5 本研究中湖泊表层沉积物与中国土壤isoGDGTs和brGDGTs分布的三角示意图
a.基于isoGDGTs的GDGT-0，crenarchaeol和crenarchaeol’以及GDGT-1，-2，-3之和的三角图，中国土壤数据来源于Yang et al. (2014)；b.基于brGDGTs三种不同类型化合物，即Ⅲ，Ⅱ以及Ⅰ的三角图，中国土壤数据来源于Yang et al. (2014)以及Wang et al. (2016)
Fig. 5. Ternary diagrams revealing distribution of isoGDGTs and brGDGTs in this study and Chinese soils
图 6 湖泊表层沉积物中GDGTs相对含量与化学参数之间的关系
Fig. 6. The correlation heatmap between the fractional abundance of GDGTs and chemical parameters of 28 lake surface sediments
表 1 本研究中28个湖泊主要环境参数变化范围
Table 1. The main environmental parameters of 28 lakes in this study
环境指标名称 取值范围 水深(m) 1.2~3.9 pH 7.6~8.3 总磷(mg/L) 0.01~0.39 总氮(mg/L) 0.32~3.32 电导率(μs/cm) 83.0~700.5 化学需氧量(mg/L) 3.8~7.9 叶绿素(mg/m3) 1.2~38.5 
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表 2 28个湖泊的GDGTs相关指标
Table 2. The GDGT-based proxies of 28 lake surface sediments
编号 名称 经纬度 水深(m) pH TEX86 MBT CBT BIT Ri/b MI RI %GDGT-0(%) Cren/Cren' 1 七里湖 29°42′N, 115°56′E 3.2 7.90 0.51 0.34 0.20 0.75 0.30 0.41 1.17 74 12 2 青岚湖 28°23′N, 116°15′E 2.6 7.83 0.57 0.57 0.63 0.82 0.31 0.45 1.01 79 15 3 沙湖 28°49′N, 116°22′E 2.3 8.01 0.46 0.54 0.58 0.93 0.13 0.53 0.34 94 27 4 鄱阳湖 28°52′N, 116°26′E 3.8 7.59 0.54 0.56 0.47 0.73 0.38 0.41 1.41 67 27 5 太泊湖 29°55′N, 116°39′E 2.4 7.96 0.49 0.44 0.22 0.84 0.15 0.45 0.65 87 30 6 青山湖 28°40′N, 116°57′E 1.3 7.63 0.40 0.46 0.28 0.98 0.58 0.86 0.21 98 16 7 瑶湖 28°40′N, 116°01′E 1.5 7.77 0.40 0.51 0.27 0.82 0.12 0.44 0.74 84 48 8 沱湖 30°02′N, 117°03′E 2.4 7.72 0.39 0.31 0.35 0.96 0.24 0.46 0.17 97 7 9 升金湖 30°28′N, 117°05′E 1.8 7.84 0.42 0.36 0.22 0.95 0.34 0.61 0.24 96 12 10 破罡湖 30°38′N, 117°10′E 1.5 7.89 0.48 0.38 0.25 0.95 0.35 0.62 0.22 97 20 11 白荡湖 30°48′N, 117°23′E 1.7 8.28 0.57 0.53 0.39 0.77 0.15 0.39 1.11 75 24 12 枫沙湖 30°55′N, 117°38′E 1.3 8.13 0.60 0.47 0.33 0.79 0.26 0.43 0.98 79 26 13 牛鸭湖 29°12′N, 117°40′E 1.9 7.92 0.33 0.46 0.36 0.94 0.27 0.64 0.30 95 17 14 黄陂湖 30°56′N, 117°48′E 1.2 7.93 0.36 0.44 0.21 0.87 0.10 0.50 0.51 90 26 15 花园湖 32°58′N, 117°49′E 2.3 7.80 0.39 0.35 0.35 0.93 0.30 0.44 0.28 94 193 16 洪泽湖 34°11′N, 117°51′E 3.9 8.17 0.59 0.37 0.13 0.58 0.33 0.33 2.06 47 26 17 骆马湖 34°13′N, 118°08′E 3.8 8.00 0.41 0.33 0.26 0.78 0.21 0.42 1.00 78 20 18 白马湖 32°10′N, 118°37′E 1.3 8.10 0.35 0.36 0.41 0.99 0.38 0.81 0.08 99 9 19 石臼湖 31°28′N, 118°55′E 2.1 8.12 0.29 0.30 0.27 0.99 0.27 0.69 0.07 99 21 20 南湖 31°08′N, 118°56′E 2.9 7.59 0.61 0.43 0.30 0.88 0.18 0.56 0.62 89 15 21 沂湖 32°48′N, 119°03′E 2.6 7.87 0.26 0.39 0.39 0.95 0.57 0.54 0.23 96 32 22 高邮湖 32°51′N, 119°20′E 3.2 8.08 0.44 0.38 0.28 0.69 0.21 0.39 1.50 63 32 23 邵伯湖 32°36′N, 119°27′E 2.6 7.94 0.49 0.40 0.21 0.74 0.17 0.36 1.11 75 19 24 团氿 32°21′N, 119°48′E 1.2 7.67 0.58 0.44 0.33 0.90 0.21 0.60 0.56 91 15 25 东汣 32°21′N, 119°51′E 1.4 7.68 0.55 0.44 0.29 0.92 0.22 0.61 0.38 94 15 26 漕湖 31°28′N, 120°34′E 3.4 7.76 0.48 0.44 0.24 0.80 0.19 0.44 0.81 83 25 27 鹅真荡 31°30′N, 120°35′E 3.0 7.67 0.57 0.42 0.37 0.85 0.35 0.42 0.68 86 21 28 昆承湖 31°34′N, 120°44′E 2.2 7.55 0.50 0.49 0.35 0.92 0.32 0.42 0.33 94 16
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