Chronology, Petrogeochemistry and Geological Significance of Garnet Bearing Granodiorite in Jianfengshan Area, Northern Qaidam Margin
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摘要: 柴北缘尖峰山地区含石榴石花岗闪长岩呈脉状分布在达肯大坂岩群中，岩石主要由石英（30%~35%）、斜长石（45%~50%）、钾长石（15%~20%）、黑云母（5%）及少量的白云母（< 5%）和石榴石（< 5%）组成.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明，含石榴石花岗闪长岩的形成时代为（441.1±1.4）Ma，属于早志留世.岩石具有高SiO2（66.27%~74.42%）、Na2O（3.47%~6.75%）、Al2O3（14.71%~20.43%），低MgO（0.07%~0.56%）、Mg#（19.8~43.6）含量和强过铝质（A/CNK介于0.99~1.34）特征，其U、K、Ba等元素相对富集，亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Eu、Ti等元素.稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型，显示弱的负Eu异常（δEu=0.31~0.81）.岩石具有较高的ISr值（0.707 123~0.708 081）和负的εNd（t）值（-1.91~-2.37），双阶段模式年龄TDM2为1 660~1 756 Ma.经校正后的（206Pb/204Pb）i值为18.354 7~18.582 2，（207Pb/204Pb）i值为15.365 4~15.641 2，（208Pb/204Pb）i值为38.254 7~38.654 1.锆石Hf同位素εHf（t）比值为2.5~-9.1，对应的Hf同位素地壳模式年龄TDM2为1 263~2 012 Ma.岩石地球化学及同位素的研究表明，尖峰山含石榴石花岗闪长岩为S型花岗岩，形成于柴达木陆块与祁连陆块碰撞造山阶段，是早期俯冲的大陆和大洋地壳经历了超高压变质作用（榴辉岩相条件）的同时经历部分熔融流体上升导致陆壳发生部分熔融形成.Abstract: Garnet bearing granodiorite in the Jianfengshan area on the northern margin of Qaidam basin is vein distributed in Dakendaban rock group. The rocks are mainly composed of quartz (30%-35%), plagioclase (45%-50%), potassium feldspar (15%-20%), biotite (5%) and a small amount of muscovite (< 5%), garnet (< 5%).Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the formation age of garnet bearing granodiorite is (441.1 ± 1.4) Ma, belonging to Early Silurian.The rocks have high SiO2 (66.27%-74.42%), Na2O (3.47%-6.75%), Al2O3 (14.71%-20.43%), low MgO (0.07%-0.56%), Mg# (19.8-43.6) contents and strong peraluminite (A/CNK ranges from 0.99~1.34).The minerals are enriched in U, K, Ba and depleted in Nb, Ta, Sr, P, Eu, Ti and other elements. The REE distribution curves show a right-leaning pattern, showing a weak negative Eu anomaly (δEu= 0.31-0.81). The rocks have high ISr values (0.707 123-0.708 081) and negative εNd(t) values (-1.91 to -2.37), and the two-stage model age TDM2 is 1 660-1 756 Ma. After correction, (206Pb/204Pb)i value is 18.354 7-18.582 2, (207Pb/204Pb)i value is 15.365 4-15.641 2, (208Pb/204Pb)i value is 38.254 7-38.654 1. Zircon Hf εHf(t) ratios range from 2.5 to -9.1, and the corresponding Hf isotopic crust model ages TDM2 range in 1 263-2 012 Ma. The study of rock geochemistry and isotopes shows that the garnet bearing granodiorite in the Jianfengshan is an S-type granite, which was formed in the collision orogenic stage between Qaidam block and Qilian block. It is the early subducted continental and oceanic crust that experienced ultra-high pressure metamorphism (eclogite facies conditions) and the rise of partially molten fluid, resulting in the partial melting of the continental crust.
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图 1 柴北缘及邻区地质简图(a), 尖峰山地区地质图(b)和含石榴石花岗闪长岩剖面示意图(c)
图a据潘桂棠等（2009）修改
Fig. 1. Regional geological map of the northern margin of Qaidam basin (a), geological map of Jianfengshan area (b) and schematic diagram of garnet bearing granodiorite section (c)
图 2 尖峰山含石榴石花岗闪长岩野外露头(a~d)与镜下显微照片(e~f)
e.正交偏光; f.单偏光; Qtz.石英; Pl.斜长石; Kfs.钾长石; Grt.石榴子石; Bt.黑云母
Fig. 2. Field outcrop (a-d) and microscopic micrograph (e-f) of garnet bearing granodiorite in Jianfengshan area
图 3 尖峰山含石榴石花岗闪长岩锆石CL图像和点位
白圈代表U-Pb测点位置；红圈代表Lu-Hf测点位置
Fig. 3. CL images of garnet bearing granodiorite in Jianfengshan area
图 4 尖峰山含石榴石花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图(a)和加权图(b)
Fig. 4. Zircon U-Pb age harmonic diagram (a) and weighted diagram (b) of garnet bearing granodiorite in Jianfengshan area
图 5 TAS图解(据Middlemost，1994)
Fig. 5. TAS diagram (after Middlemost, 1994)
图 6 SiO2-K2O图解(据Rickwood，1989)
Fig. 6. SiO2-K2O diagram (after Rickwood, 1989)
图 7 A/CNK-A/NK图解(据Maniar and Piccoli，1989)
Fig. 7. A/CNK-A/NK diagram (after Maniar and Piccoli, 1989)
图 8 稀土元素标准化配分图(标准化值据Sun and McDonough，1989)
Fig. 8. Chondrite-nor malized REE patterns (normalized data after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 9 微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(标准化值据Sun and McDonough，1989)
Fig. 9. MORE-normalized trace element diagram(normalized data after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 10 Rb-Th(a)和Rb-Y图解(b)(据Chappell，1999)
Fig. 10. Rb-Th diagram (a) and Rb-Y diagram (b) (after Chappell, 1999)
图 13 锆石Hf同位素图解
柴达木山花岗岩数据据周宾等（2013）；锡铁山花岗岩数据据Zhao et al.（2017）；都兰云母片岩数据据Yu et al.（2013）；都兰埃达克岩数据据Song et al.（2014）；图据吴福元等(2007)
Fig. 13. Diagrams of Hf isotope of zircon
图 14 A/MF-C/MF图解(据Altherr et al.，2000)
Fig. 14. A/MF-C/MF diagram (after Althea et al., 2000)
图 15 Rh/Ba-Rb/Sr图解(据Sylvester, 1998)
Fig. 15. Rb/Ba-Rb/Sr diagram (after Sylvester, 1998)
图 16 Hf-Ta-Rb图解(据Pearce，1984)
Fig. 16. Hf-Ta-Rb diagram (after Pearce, 1984)
图 17 R1-R2图解(据Batchelor and Bowden，1985)
Fig. 17. R1-R2 diagram (after Batchelor and Bowden, 1985)
表 1 尖峰山含石榴石花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb同位素分析结果
Table 1. U-Pb is iotope age determined result of garnet bearing granodiorite in Jianfengshan area
点号 U Th Th/U 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U 206Pb/238U μg/g 比值 1σ 比值 1σ 比值 1σ T(Ma) 1g 11 259 136 0.53 0.124 9 0.002 5 7.007 9 0.208 2 0.400 1 0.006 1 2 069 28.275 057 0 13 255 312 1.22 0.151 3 0.002 4 8.940 0 0.140 0 0.426 4 0.002 7 1 990 12.375 414 0 18 746 159 0.21 0.166 7 0.002 8 11.022 2 0.183 0 0.476 8 0.003 0 2 013 13.325 047 0 01 314 42.7 0.14 0.057 3 0.001 1 0.561 5 0.010 5 0.070 8 0.000 5 441 2.992 471 1 02 126 5.43 0.04 0.056 7 0.001 2 0.570 2 0.012 1 0.072 7 0.000 6 453 3.680 738 9 03 875 287 0.33 0.054 8 0.001 2 0.533 9 0.011 1 0.070 6 0.000 7 440 3.954 493 8 04 699 36.5 0.05 0.057 0 0.001 6 0.571 1 0.015 8 0.072 5 0.000 7 451 4.072 782 0 05 726 12.1 0.02 0.055 6 0.001 1 0.558 2 0.011 1 0.072 5 0.000 7 451 4.071 761 9 06 656 34 0.56 0.057 3 0.001 1 0.561 5 0.010 5 0.070 8 0.000 5 441 2.992 471 1 07 253 3.99 0.02 0.055 8 0.001 1 0.550 7 0.010 7 0.071 1 0.000 6 443 3.710 191 4 08 148 0.83 0.01 0.056 6 0.001 1 0.568 7 0.011 4 0.072 7 0.000 8 452 4.912 440 3 09 95.8 0.80 0.01 0.058 3 0.001 3 0.562 1 0.012 3 0.069 6 0.000 5 434 2.939 322 0 10 154 2.7 0.01 0.054 5 0.001 0 0.528 4 0.009 5 0.070 0 0.000 5 436 2.862 094 2 12 903 24 0.03 0.053 1 0.002 1 0.521 8 0.021 8 0.070 5 0.000 7 439 4.195 652 9 14 124 0.098 0.00 0.055 9 0.001 0 0.558 2 0.010 0 0.072 1 0.000 6 449 3.805 844 1 15 300 5.42 0.02 0.054 3 0.001 0 0.522 2 0.010 0 0.069 7 0.000 5 434 3.296 046 3 16 65.9 2.27 0.01 0.055 0 0.001 1 0.534 8 0.011 3 0.070 3 0.000 6 438 3.387 496 7 17 27.1 0.68 0.01 0.056 2 0.000 9 0.559 5 0.009 4 0.072 1 0.000 6 449 3.393 926 7 19 139 0.81 0.01 0.055 9 0.001 0 0.541 0 0.009 7 0.070 0 0.000 6 436 3.358 512 3 20 449 8.63 0.02 0.054 8 0.001 0 0.544 5 0.010 0 0.071 8 0.000 6 447 3.572 646 7 21 1 079 124.5 0.12 0.055 3 0.001 1 0.558 2 0.011 5 0.072 8 0.000 7 453 4.224 661 2 22 24.1 0.022 0.00 0.055 3 0.001 1 0.546 2 0.011 0 0.071 3 0.000 6 444 3.718 657 0 23 225 2.24 0.01 0.057 8 0.001 3 0.555 0 0.012 4 0.069 4 0.000 5 432 3.288 153 8 24 1353 43.9 0.03 0.055 6 0.001 1 0.545 6 0.010 9 0.070 9 0.000 6 442 3.584 045 1 
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表 2 尖峰山含石榴石花岗闪长岩主量元素(%)、微量元素(10-6)分析结果
Table 2. Major element (%), trace and REE element (10-6) data of the Jianfengshan garnet-bearing granodiorite
样号 2019JFS1 2019JFS2 2019JFS4 16JFS1-1 16JFS1-2 16JFS1-3 16JFS1-4 16JFS2-1 16JFS2-2 16JFS2-3 16JFS2-4 坐标 北纬 37°56′36″ 37°56′34″ 37°56′28″ 37°56′37″ 37°56′39″ 37°56′52″ 37°56′58″ 37°57′41″ 37°57′49″ 37°57′54″ 37°57′58″ 东经 95°04′12″ 95°04′19″ 95°04′32″ 95°04′8″ 95°04′21″ 95°04′34″ 95°04′52″ 95°06′20″ 95°06′32″ 95°06′38″ 95°06′46″ SiO2 67.28 73.89 73.8 66.27 70.33 69.72 69 74.42 73.45 73.1 72.83 TiO2 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.14 Al2O3 17.98 15.36 15.32 20.43 16.77 17.18 17.42 14.71 15.69 15.68 15.49 Fe2O3 0.54 0.15 0.22 0.56 0.58 0.7 0.64 1.01 1.4 1.46 1.7 FeO 2.68 0.55 0.33 0.46 1.25 1.22 1.37 0.38 0.72 0.73 0.59 MnO 0.09 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 MgO 0.65 0.07 0.09 0.37 0.45 0.5 0.51 0.41 0.56 0.59 0.56 CaO 3.43 0.54 0.58 5.42 3.07 3.25 3.24 2.83 2.14 2.52 2.78 Na2O 5.29 6.75 5.91 5.59 4.93 5.15 5.14 3.79 3.63 3.47 3.54 K2O 2.24 2.74 3.85 2.62 2.31 1.95 2.29 2.06 1.96 2.01 2.06 P2O5 0.1 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.1 0.09 H2O+ 1.26 1.24 0.36 0.87 0.62 0.62 0.76 1.7 2.12 2.02 2.14 CO2 0.57 0.72 0.57 0.25 0.04 0.18 0.08 1.7 1.03 1.18 1.28 Lost 1.46 2.07 0.9 1.12 0.55 0.77 0.7 3.47 3.08 3.2 3.44 Rb 69.25 48.01 75.04 43.31 48.22 27.52 36.11 62.6 65.72 66.83 75.04 Zr 169.01 143.5 131.6 143.8 150.3 158.7 168.21 100.12 126.23 123.41 131.3 Nb 12.42 11.91 22.81 29.6 12.71 14.3 13.81 6.21 6.92 6.8 6.8 Hf 4.01 3.81 2.53 4.7 4.22 4.73 4.73 2.72 3.34 3.81 3.2 Ta 1.61 1.8 1.03 2.7 1 1.01 0.9 0.6 0.71 0.72 0.71 Th 7.89 2.42 1.97 2.72 3.02 2.7 2.9 5.9 7.8 7.5 8.11 U 5.37 10.5 2.58 1.6 2.41 1.4 2.2 4.82 4.5 4.4 5.83 Ba 2 344.05 2 496.03 2 624.91 2 345.74 1 780.24 2 720.45 2 854.34 1 569.11 2 586.2 2 556.02 1 625.12 Cr 3.05 1.14 0.94 4.5 4.02 4.01 4 7.1 7.91 8.31 16.6 Ni 3.01 1.51 1.26 4 3.7 3.71 3.61 3.8 3.72 3.62 3.81 Co 3.12 1.05 0.29 5.7 4.01 3.9 4.21 3.91 3.9 3.83 3.92 Sr 241.01 251.8 229.1 251.01 259.71 237.02 238.8 213.04 247.71 251.33 249.1 V 30.62 3.63 2.56 26.61 21.41 21.5 23.02 18.81 22.1 21.82 23.02 La 23.02 25.7 21.3 19.31 18.92 20.24 21.6 20.11 22.21 25.93 22.41 Ce 43.6 35.99 44.53 38.21 35.62 48.54 40.9 37.12 41.7 46.51 41.44 Pr 4.7 3.82 3.54 4.01 3.9 4.21 4.52 4.4 5.01 5.72 4.9 Nd 16.71 12.8 11.88 17.2 16.91 18.02 19.2 16.31 18.32 21.01 17.92 Sm 2.82 3.46 2.91 3.41 3.23 3.42 2.61 3.01 3.1 3.71 3.1 Eu 0.25 0.42 0.51 0.61 0.44 0.52 0.53 0.7 0.71 0.64 0.72 Gd 2.21 2.59 1.99 2.3 2.01 2.1 2.31 2.3 2.42 2.1 2.71 Tb 0.31 0.4 0.31 0.2 0.21 0.21 0.2 0.32 0.4 0.31 0.41 Dy 1.8 2.24 2.14 1.5 1.91 1.14 1.22 1.81 1.81 2.4 2.2 Ho 0.34 0.3 0.35 0.31 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.33 0.33 0.4 0.41 Er 0.96 0.71 1.03 0.91 0.5 0.62 0.71 0.8 0.91 1.2 1.11 Tm 0.15 0.13 0.2 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.21 0.23 Yb 1.06 1.11 1.14 1.05 0.62 0.71 0.81 0.8 0.82 1.11 1.02 Lu 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.16 0.14 0.11 0.21 0.12 Y 9.89 9.87 6.63 6.9 8.31 5.61 6.72 7.31 8.8 8.93 6.22
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表 3 尖峰山含石榴石花岗闪长岩Sr-Nd同位素组成
Table 3. Sr-Nd isotopic composition of garnet bearing granodiorite in Jianfengshan area
样品号 T(Ma) 87Rb/
86Sr87Sr/
86Sr2σ ISr 147Sm/
144Nd143Nd/
144Nd2σ INd εNd(t) TDM(Ga) TDM2(Ga) 16JFS 1-1 441.1 0.629 1 0.709 785 0.000 007 0.707 891 0.116 2 0.512 295 0.000 004 0.511 948 -2.37 1.554 1.691 16JFS 1-2 441.1 0.742 1 0.710 817 0.000 004 0.707 123 0.113 5 0.512 303 0.000 002 0.511 967 -2.01 1.501 1.660 16JFS 1-3 441.1 0.594 8 0.710 843 0.000 004 0.708 081 0.114 5 0.512 302 0.000 002 0.511 972 -1.91 1.602 1.752 16JFS 1-4 441.1 0.606 7 0.709 280 0.000 004 0.708 032 0.114 9 0.512 284 0.000 002 0.511 970 -1.95 1.608 1.756
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表 4 尖峰山含石榴石花岗闪长岩Pb同位素组成
Table 4. Pb isotopic composition of garnet bearing granodiorite in Jianfengshan area
样品名 U(10-6) Th(10-6) Pb(10-6) 206Pb/204Pb 207Pb/204Pb 208Pb/204Pb (206Pb/204Pb)i (207Pb/204Pb)i (208Pb/204Pb)i 16JFS1-1 1.6 2.7 32.5 18.790 3 15.671 1 38.220 5 18.582 2 15.596 2 38.542 1 16JFS1-2 2.4 3 43.2 18.801 1 15.665 7 38.163 3 18.462 1 15.626 9 38.654 1 16JFS 1-3 1.4 2.7 35 18.792 3 15.671 6 38.088 6 18.354 7 15.641 2 38.254 7 16JFS1-4 2.2 2.9 38.4 18.793 9 15.673 6 38.127 2 18.521 1 15.365 4 38.456 9
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表 5 尖峰山含石榴石花岗闪长岩LA-MC-ICP MS锆石Hf同位素原位分析测试结果
Table 5. LA-MC-ICP MS zircon Hf isotopic analysis of garnet-bearing granodiorites from Jianfengshan area
测点 T(Ma) 176Yb/177Hf 2σ 176Lu/177Hf 2σ 176Hf/177Hf 2σ εHf(0) εHf(t) TDM(Ma) TDM2(Ma) fLu/Hf 01 441 0.002 923 0.000 043 0.000 045 0.000 002 0.282 548 0.000 014 -7.9 1.774 971 1 310 -0.97 03 440 0.004 306 0.000 118 0.000 108 0.000 005 0.282 278 0.000 017 -17.5 -7.802 1 343 1 916 -0.99 06 441 0.008 703 0.000 099 0.000 046 0.000 004 0.282 269 0.000 017 -17.8 -8.103 1 353 1 935 -0.99 07 443 0.016 676 0.000 140 0.000 085 0.000 005 0.282 297 0.000 016 -16.8 -7.123 1 316 1 874 -0.99 08 452 0.008 287 0.000 061 0.000 053 0.000 002 0.282 531 0.000 015 -8.5 1.170 995 1 349 -0.99 10 436 0.020 209 0.000 381 0.000 045 0.000 018 0.282 569 0.000 025 -7.2 2.517 943 1 263 -0.99 12 439 0.012 744 0.000 247 0.000 076 0.000 009 0.282 143 0.000 017 -23.8 -9.094 1 484 2 012 -0.98 15 434 0.016 341 0.000 163 0.000 105 0.000 004 0.282 348 0.000 018 -15.0 -5.324 1 247 1 760 -0.99 16 438 0.019 642 0.000 138 0.000 053 0.000 004 0.282 325 0.000 016 -15.8 -6.122 1 277 1 810 -0.99 17 449 0.006 704 0.000 081 0.000 102 0.000 005 0.282 347 0.000 016 -15.0 -5.358 1 248 1 762 -0.98 19 436 0.007 235 0.000 101 0.000 030 0.000 004 0.282 326 0.000 035 -15.8 -6.080 1 275 1 808 -0.99 20 447 0.013 715 0.000 757 0.000 101 0.000 027 0.282 371 0.000 029 -14.2 -4.508 1 215 1 708 -0.99 22 444 0.003 692 0.000 113 0.000 054 0.000 004 0.282 293 0.000 016 -16.9 -7.256 1 320 1 882 -0.99 24 442 0.009 380 0.001 992 0.000 076 0.000 081 0.282 316 0.000 027 -16.1 -6.448 1 290 1 831 -0.99
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