Fracture Distribution Characteristics and Effectiveness Evaluation of Tight Sandstone Reservoir of Chang 7 Member in Sanbian Area, Ordos Basin
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摘要: 致密砂岩储层基质物性极差，天然裂缝的发育为油气的运移与聚集提供渗流通道和储集空间，有效裂缝的分布明显改善了致密储层储渗性能和单井产量.利用岩心、薄片、测井资料及相关实验分析，对鄂尔多斯盆地三边地区延长组7段致密砂岩储层天然裂缝的成因类型、发育特征与分布规律进行表征，对裂缝有效性进行评价，并分析了影响裂缝有效性的主控因素.研究区宏观裂缝主要发育类型为构造裂缝，部分岩心可观察到成岩裂缝，微观裂缝以穿粒缝为主.裂缝的发育程度受岩性、岩石力学层及成岩相等因素控制.利用裂缝充填程度与裂缝开度两个参数对裂缝有效性进行评价.裂缝形成时间、成岩作用、裂缝产状与现今地应力关系等因素控制裂缝有效性.受成岩作用影响，胶结作用降低裂缝有效性，溶蚀作用提高裂缝有效性；晚期形成的裂缝比早期形成的裂缝有效性好；研究区发育近东西向、北西-南东向、近南北向、北北东-南南西向和北东东-南西西向5组裂缝，其中北东东-南西西向裂缝与现今应力场最大主应力方向平行，开度最大，有效性最好；其次为北北东-南南西向和近东西向裂缝，近南北向和北西-南东向裂缝与现今应力场最大主应力方向呈高角度相交或近垂直，裂缝开度相对较小，有效性较差.Abstract: The matrix physical properties of tight sandstone reservoir are very poor. The development of natural fractures provides seepage channel and reservoir space for oil and gas migration and accumulation. The distribution of effective fractures significantly improves the reservoir permeability and single well production. Based on the core, thin section, logging data and relevant experimental analysis, the genetic types, development characteristics and distribution law of natural fractures in tight sandstone reservoir of the Chang 7 Member in Sanbian area of Ordos Basin were characterized, the fracture effectiveness was evaluated, and the main controlling factors affecting fracture effectiveness were analyzed. The main development type of macro fractures in the study area is structural fractures, diagenetic fractures can be observed in some cores, and the micro fractures are mainly intergranular fractures. The development degree of fractures is controlled by lithology, mechanical stratigraphy and diagenetic facies. Fracture effectiveness was evaluated by two parameters of fracture filling degree and fracture aperture. Fracture effectiveness is controlled by factors such as fracture formation time, diagenesis, fracture occurrence and current in-situ stress. Affected by diagenesis, cementation reduces fracture effectiveness, while dissolution improves fracture effectiveness. The effectiveness of late formed fractures is better than that of early formed fractures. Five sets of fractures are developed in the study area, including nearly E-W trending, NW-SE trending, nearly S-N trending, NNE-SSW trending and NEE-SWW trending fractures. Among them, the NEE-SWW trending fractures which are parallel to the direction of current maximum principal stress, have the largest aperture and the best effectiveness, followed by NNE-SSW trending and nearly E-W trending fractures. The nearly E-W trending and NW-SE trending fractures are nearly perpendicular to or at a high angle with the direction of current maximum principal stress, and the fracture aperture is relatively small and the effectiveness is poor.
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Key words:
- Sanbian area /
- tight sandstone /
- fracture type /
- controlling factor /
- fracture effectiveness /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 岩心裂缝照片
a. 剪切裂缝，Y76井，泥质砂岩，1 474.69 m；b. 张性裂缝，X34井，细砂岩，2 091.27 m；c. 剪切裂缝，A19井，泥质砂岩，1 339.54 m
Fig. 1. Photos of core fractures
图 2 岩心上的层控裂缝与穿层裂缝及其素描图
a、b. 层控裂缝，Z22井，泥质砂岩，993.64 m；c、d.穿层裂缝，Y76井，泥质砂岩，1 890.34 m
Fig. 2. Bed-confined fracture and through going fracture in cores
图 3 层理缝发育特征
a. 含油层理缝，Y76井，泥质砂岩，1 760.78 m；b.含油层理缝，X34井，细砂岩，1 390.75 m
Fig. 3. Development characteristics of bedding-parallel fractures
图 4 微观裂缝发育特征
a. 穿粒缝，Y35井，粉砂岩，1 829 m；b. 粒内缝，A74井，粉砂岩，2 269 m；c. 粒缘缝，D38井，粉砂岩，2 427 m
Fig. 4. Development characteristics of micro-fractures
图 5 天然裂缝走向玫瑰花图（a）及裂缝倾角分布（b）
Fig. 5. Rose diagram of natural fracture strikes (a) and distribution of fracture dip angles (b)
图 6 岩性与裂缝发育程度关系
Fig. 6. Relationship between lithology and fracture development degree
图 7 岩石矿物成分与裂缝发育程度关系
Fig. 7. Relationship between mineral composition and fracture development degree
图 9 不同岩相裂缝发育率箱型图
Fig. 9. Box diagram of fracture development rate of different lithofacies
图 12 研究区裂缝形成与充填序列
Fig. 12. Sequences of fracture formation and filling in the study area
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