碰撞后岩浆作用与陆壳生长：以柴北缘超高压变质带为例

周辰傲; 宋述光

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2022.117

碰撞后岩浆作用与陆壳生长：以柴北缘超高压变质带为例

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.117

周辰傲,
宋述光^, ,

造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室, 北京大学地球与空间科学学院, 北京 100871

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 91955202

详细信息

作者简介:
周辰傲（1995-），博士研究生，研究方向为岩石学. E-mail: chenaozhou@pku.edu.cn

通讯作者:
宋述光，教授，岩石学专业. ORCID: 0000-0002-0595-7691. E-mail: sgsong@pku.edu.cn

中图分类号: P597
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-17
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-03
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-25

Post-Collision Magmatism and Continental Crust Growth in Continental Orogenic Belt: An Example from North Qaidam Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Belt

Zhou Chen'ao,
Song Shuguang^{,
,}

Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

摘要

摘要: 碰撞后岩浆活动对于了解造山带垮塌和去根过程及陆壳生长具有重要意义.总结了柴北缘超高压变质带中形成于400~360 Ma的碰撞后花岗岩-辉长岩侵入体和镁铁质岩脉的年代学和地球化学特征.其中，花岗岩侵入体具有典型的I-型花岗岩特征，形成于壳幔相互作用的岩浆混合.来自地幔的镁铁质岩脉可以划分为两组：（1）392~375 Ma中基性岩脉；（2）约360 Ma超基性岩脉.其地球化学特征表明，镁铁质岩脉的微量元素和同位素随形成时间的变新而逐渐亏损，地幔源区从岩石圈地幔变为软流圈地幔.这种源自地幔的镁铁质岩浆活动是碰撞后岩浆活动开始和造山带垮塌的关键指标.结合碰撞后岩浆作用的特征，提出了一个地球动力学模型来解释柴北缘约35百万年（Ma）的造山带垮塌去根过程，在395~375 Ma发生缓慢的岩石圈地幔侵蚀，360 Ma前岩石圈发生拆沉作用，岩石圈地幔垮塌，同时软流圈地幔上升.地幔岩浆的加入表明碰撞后阶段是大陆生长的重要时期.
- 大陆碰撞 /
- 碰撞后岩浆作用 /
- 造山带垮塌 /
- 拆沉作用 /
- 陆壳生长 /
- 岩石学 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: The post-collision magmatic activity is of great significance to understand the orogenic collapse, delamination and continental crust growth. In this paper it summarizes the geochronological and geochemical characteristics of post-collisional magmatism at 400-360 Ma in the North Qaidam ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt. The granite intrusions have I-type characteristics and were formed by the crust-mantle magmatic mixing. Mafic dykes can be divided into two groups: (1) Intermediate-basic dykes at 392-375 Ma; (2) Ultrabasic dykes about 360 Ma. The geochemical characteristics show that the trace elements and isotopes of mafic dyke are gradually depleted with time, and the mantle source changes from lithospheric mantle to asthenosphere mantle. The mafic magmatic activity is the key of post-collision magmatic activity and orogen collapse. Combining the feature of magmatism after the collision, it proposes a geodynamic model to explain the activities of lithosphere and asthenosphere mantle in post-collision stage about 35 million years (Ma), the unrooting process of orogeny began at slow lithospheric mantle erosion in 395-375 Ma, and ended up with lithosphere delamination and asthenosphere upwelling at 360 Ma. The addition of mantle magma indicates that the post-collision stage is an important period for continental growth in earth history.
- continental collision /
- post-collisional magmatism /
- orogenic collapse /
- delamination /
- continental growth /
- petrology /
- geochemistry

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图 1 柴北缘超高压变质带地质简图(a); 都兰岩体地质简图及样品年龄数据(b); 锡铁山地质简图及统计数据采样点(c)

a.据Zhou et al.，（2021）修改；b.据Wang et al.（2014）和Zhou et al.（2021）；c.据Zhao et al.（2018）和Zhou et al.（2021）

Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of the North Qaidam ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt (NQUB) (a); geological map of the Dulan terrane and geochronology data (b); geological map of the Xitieshan terrane and geochronology data (c)

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图 2 都兰地体碰撞后花岗闪长岩及其基性包体(MME) (a)；都兰地体碰撞后黑云母花岗岩及其基性包体(b)；都兰地体373~360 Ma闪长岩及超基性岩脉(c)；锡铁山地体基性岩脉(d)

Fig. 2. The post-collisional granodiorite and mafic magmatic enclaves (MME) in Dulan terrane (a), the post-collisional biotite granites and MME in Dulan terrane (b), the 373-360 Ma diorite and ultrabasic dykes in Dulan terrane (c), the basic dykes in Xitieshan terrane (d)

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图 3 柴北缘碰撞造山带碰撞后岩浆岩样品TAS图解(a); K₂O-SiO₂图解(b); Y-Nb图解(c); Yb+Nb-Rb图解(d)

a.据Le Maitre（1989）；d.数据统计自Wang et al.（2014）；Zhao et al.（2018）；Zhou et al.（2021）

Fig. 3. TAS diagram of post-collision magmatic samples from the NQUB (a), K₂O vs. SiO₂ diagram (b), Y vs. Nb diagram (c), Yb+Nb vs. Rb diagram (d)

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图 4 柴北缘碰撞造山带碰撞后岩浆岩样品稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布图和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图

数据统计自Wang et al.（2014）；Zhao et al.（2018）；Zhou et al.（2021）

Fig. 4. Chondrite-normalized REE and primitive mantle-normalized multi-element patterns for the post-collision magmatic samples from the NQUB

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图 5 柴北缘碰撞造山带碰撞后岩浆岩Hf同位素与结晶年龄的关系

数据统计自Wang et al.（2014）；张延军等（2016）；Zhao et al.（2018）；Zhou et al.（2021）

Fig. 5. The diagram of ε_Hf(t) vs. crystallization age from the post-collision magmatism in the NQUB

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图 6 柴北缘碰撞造山带碰撞后岩浆岩样品Sr-Nd同位素特征

数据统计自Wang et al.（2014）；Zhao et al.（2018）；Zhou et al.（2021）

Fig. 6. ε_Nd(t) vs. I_Sr(t) diagram for the post-collision magmatic samples from the NQUB

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图 7 柴北缘碰撞造山带碰撞后镁铁质岩浆岩; La/Ba和La/Nb比值图解(a)和Th/Yb和Nb/Yb比值图解(b)

数据统计自Zhao et al.（2018）；Zhou et al.（2021）

Fig. 7. La/Ba versus La/Nb diagram (a), Th/Yb vs. Nb/Yb diagram (b)

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图 8 柴北缘大陆碰撞造山带从大陆碰撞、折返到造山带垮塌的构造演化示意图

a.俯冲大陆地壳的折返；b.造山带垮塌早期的热对流侵蚀作用；c.造山垮塌晚期岩石圈拆沉

Fig. 8. Tectonic model for post-collisional evolution of the NQUB

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表 1 柴北缘超高压碰撞造山带碰撞后岩浆岩年龄统计

Table 1. Summary on ages of post-collisional magmas in the North Qaidam collisional orogenic belt

位置	岩石定名	样品号	年龄 (Ma)	±	N	方法	参考文献
都兰野马滩	中性岩脉	9C-67	392.9	1.3	15	LA-ICPMS	Zhou et al.(2021)
都兰野马滩	中性岩脉	Q14-14	380.4	4.9	15	LA-ICPMS	Zhou et al.(2021)
都兰野马滩	基性岩脉	18CB-28	382.9	1.1	30	LA-ICPMS	Zhou et al.(2021)
都兰野马滩	超基性岩脉	Q14-06	360.0	1.7	8	LA-ICPMS	Zhou et al.(2021)
都兰沙流河	英云闪长岩	10DL-44	392.1	4.5	9	LA-ICPMS	Wang et al.(2014)
都兰沙流河	英云闪长岩	10DL-42	390.9	4.1	23	LA-ICPMS	Wang et al.(2014)
都兰野马滩	花岗闪长岩(MME围岩)	07DL-99	386.4	2.1	25	LA-ICPMS	Wang et al.(2014)
都兰野马滩	花岗闪长岩	07DL-79	379.1	2.2	20	LA-ICPMS	Wang et al.(2014)
都兰野马滩	暗色包体MME	07DL-78	380.3	2.5	24	LA-ICPMS	Wang et al.(2014)
都兰野马滩	黑云母二长花岗岩	07DL-97	379.5	5.3	10	LA-ICPMS	Wang et al.(2014)
都兰野马滩	黑云母二长花岗岩	07DL-102	366.7	2.6	22	LA-ICPMS	Wang et al.(2014)
都兰野马滩	闪长岩	10DL-24	373.7	2.4	25	LA-ICPMS	Wang et al.(2014)
都兰野马滩	花岗岩	CL-571	397.0	4	7	SHRIMP	吴才来等(2014)
都兰沙流河	石英闪长岩	CL-561	381.0	5	12	SHRIMP	吴才来等(2014)
都兰野马滩	花岗闪长岩	CL99-40	397.0	3	14	SHRIMP	吴才来等(2014)
都兰察察公麻	花岗闪长岩	CL5765	372.4	3.6	9	SHRIMP	吴才来等(2014)
都兰察察公麻	花岗闪长岩	CLL577	382.5	3.6	8	SHRIMP	吴才来等(2014)
大柴旦嗷唠河	石英闪长岩	CL05-105	372.1	2.6	10	SHRIMP	吴才来等(2007)
大柴旦巴嘎柴达木湖南	花岗岩	CL05-108	374.5	1.6	12	SHRIMP	吴才来等(2007)
大柴旦大羊沟	花岗岩	CL05-116	372.0	2.7	13	SHRIMP	吴才来等(2007)
锡铁山岩体	花岗岩	CL05-108	374.5	1.6	12	SHRIMP	吴才来等(2007)
锡铁山岩体	基性岩脉	18CB-83	375.4	3.2	21	LA-ICPMS	Zhou et al.(2021)
锡铁山岩体	辉长岩	18CB-84	367.9	3.2	18	LA-ICPMS	Zhou et al.(2021)
锡铁山岩体	辉长岩	B1204-1	372.0	2	19	LA-ICPMS	Zhao et al.(2018)
锡铁山岩体	花岗岩	B1205-1	372.0	3	10	LA-ICPMS	Zhao et al.(2018)
锡铁山岩体	花岗岩	B1301-1	372.0	2	19	LA-ICPMS	Zhao et al.(2018)
锡铁山岩体	花岗岩	B1201-1	371.0	2	13	LA-ICPMS	Zhao et al.(2018)
注：据Wang et al. (2014); Wu et al.(2007, 2014); Zhao et al.(2018); Zhou et al.(2021).

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