Formation Water Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Model of Shahejie Formation in Wenliu Area, Northern Dongpu Depression
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摘要: 东濮凹陷北部沙河街组盐岩发育，流体特征受其影响明显，但目前对盐岩发育区的流体特征及其演化过程研究还十分薄弱.以文留地区沙河街组三段、四段为研究对象，采集砂岩储层内流体包裹体样品，对其进行镜下观察、显微测温和激光拉曼分析.结果表明，研究区有3期油气成藏，主要成藏时间为0~8Ma和22~30 Ma.地层水在24~30 Ma呈现局部淡化趋势，24 Ma至今矿化度又逐渐升高.地层水淡化期、油气成藏高峰期、地层压力泄压期三者呈现出高度耦合，并据此建立了流体运移模式.地层水矿化度值的演变反映其运移过程，同时也指示了伴随地层水运移的油气运聚方向.淡化地层水有助于次生孔隙的生成，改善储层物性，而过饱和流体则可能会对储层产生不利影响.Abstract: In the northern part of Dongpu Depression, the salt rock is developed in Shahejie Formation, and the fluid characteristics are obviously affected by the salt rock. However, the study of fluid characteristics and evolution process in salt rocks is still very weak. In this paper, fluid inclusion samples collected in Es3 and Es4 sandstone reservoirs in Wenliu area were observed under microscope, and analyzed by homogenization temperature test and laser Raman test. The results show that there are three stages of hydrocarbon accumulation in the study area, and the main accumulation time is 0-8 Ma and 22-30 Ma. The formation water shows a partial desalting trend from 24 Ma to 30 Ma, and the salinity gradually increased from 24 Ma to this day. The formation water desalting period, oil and gas accumulation peak period and formation pressure relief period are highly coupled, and the fluid migration model is established accordingly. The evolution of formation water salinity reflects its migration process, and also indicates the direction of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation accompanying formation water migration. Desalting formation water contributes to the generation of secondary pores and improves reservoir properties, while supersaturated fluids may adversely affect the reservoir.
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图 1 东濮凹陷北部地区区域地质图（修改自蒋有录等，2015）
Fig. 1. Regional geological map of the northern Dongpu Depression (modified from Jiang et al., 2015)
图 2 文留地区沙河街组砂岩样品岩性图（a）和沙三段砂岩孔隙度分布（b、c）
Fig. 2. Sandstone sample lithology (a) and porosity distribution (b, c) of Shahejie Formation in Wenliu area
图 3 镜下岩相学特征
Q.石英；cal.方解石；Mi.云母；pl.长石. a.文109井2 814 m砂岩单偏光；b.文109井2 814 m砂岩正交光；c.文96井2 543 m正交光下云母板片压弯；d.文260井3 575 m砂岩单偏光；e.文260井3 575 m砂岩正交光；f.文204井3 256 m石英加大
Fig. 3. Microscopic petrographic characteristics
图 4 镜下包裹体特征
Q.石英. a.文109井2 814 m线状排列包裹体；b.文109井2 814 m CO2包裹体；c.文109井2 886 m气液两相盐水包裹体；d.文109井2 886 m纯液相包裹体；e.卫325井3 414 m烃包裹体单偏光；f.卫325井3 414 m蓝色‒黄绿色荧光；g.胡19井1 842 m烃包裹体单偏光；h.胡19井1 842 m烃包裹体黄色荧光；i.文204井3 319 m团簇状蓝白色荧光烃包裹体
Fig. 4. Microscopic characteristics of inclusions
图 8 东濮凹陷沙河街组现今地层水矿化度平面图
Fig. 8. Plan of present formation water salinity of Shahejie Formation in Dongpu Depression
图 9 文204井、文260井埋藏史与热演化史‒成藏期次图
Fig. 9. Accumulation period-burial history and thermal evolution history of Wen 204 and Wen 260 wells
图 11 流体运移模式
图a、b为压实排水和生烃过程；图c为烃源岩裂缝形成与流体向储层转移过程；图d为断层形成与储层流体向其他层位运移
Fig. 11. Fluid migration patterns
图 12 文204井Es3中9段孔隙度剖面
标星处为文204井流体包裹体样品采样点
Fig. 12. Porosity evolution profile of the middle ninth member of Es3 in Wen 204
表 1 现今地层水水化学特征
Table 1. Hydrochemical characteristics of underground water
井号 顶界深度(m) 底界深度(m) 层位 K++Na+(g/L) Ca2+(g/L) Mg2+(g/L) Cl‒(g/L) SO4‒(g/L) HCO3‒(g/L) 总矿化度(g/L) 水型 钠氯系数 盐化系数 脱硫系数 文204 3 402 3 487 Es3中 86.86 30.04 2.14 192.00 3.32 0.25 315.09 CaCl2 0.70 764.91 1.26 文109 2 746 2 770 Es4 83.14 0.68 0.25 126.30 4.67 0.93 215.92 Na2SO4 1.02 135.62 2.66 2 998 2 999 Es4 / 10.98 1.65 182.70 7.33 0.29 301.50 CaCl2 / 632.11 2.88 3 035 3 038 Es4 106.20 11.67 1.24 186.30 2.39 0.32 308.02 CaCl2 0.88 582.07 0.94 文260 4 263 4 275 Es3下 86.88 31.10 2.38 168.90 36.90 0.23 326.38 CaCl2 0.79 740.79 13.91 3 995 4 029 Es3下 82.78 41.56 2.62 208.80 0.55 0.19 336.44 CaCl2 0.61 1 081.61 0.19 注：现今地层水水化学数据测试单位为中原油田，测试精度±0.001 g/L. 
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