Quantitative Cyclostratigraphy Analysis and Constraint by U-Pb Dating of Bedding-Parallel Fibrous Calcite Vein in Gaoyou Sag, Subei Basin
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摘要: 长期以来沉积地层因缺乏稳定放射性同位素计时，其地层的绝对年龄标定成为地层学和石油地质学研究中的颈瓶.运用定量旋回地层学的理论和方法，结合顺层纤维状方解石超低浓度U-Pb定年约束，重新厘定了苏北盆地高邮凹陷古近系主要界面绝对年龄，得到了与前人不同的“三垛运动”时限和“二元”裂陷构造变革面与太平洋板块俯冲转向的时间（~50 Ma）耦合关系.分析认为，高邮凹陷三垛组顶界年龄为34.0 Ma，底界年龄为43.3 Ma；戴南组底界年龄为50.5 Ma；阜二段底界年龄为56.5 Ma；阜一段的底界年龄为66.0 Ma.位于洼陷区的永38井三垛组残留地层持续时间为8.28 Ma，抬升剥蚀起始年龄为34.06 Ma，结束年龄为23.03 Ma，剥蚀时限为11.03 Ma.而隆起和斜坡带三垛组开始剥蚀的时间要早于34.06 Ma，剥蚀的时限会更长一些.阜四段方解石脉超低浓度U-Pb定年结果为53.1±3.7 Ma.这些结果表明：（1）苏北盆地高邮凹陷~50 Ma和~23.03 Ma界面是太平洋板块俯冲转向和印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的构造响应，高邮凹陷沉积中心在始新世晚期（34.06 Ma）就开始抬升，历经11.03 Ma的剥蚀，主要原因可能与印度‒欧亚板块碰撞在华南陆块总体表现以挤压为主而缺乏NE向深部幔隆的远距离效应有关；（2）烃源岩层系中发育的顺层纤维状方解石脉超低浓度U-Pb定年结果可以作为其地层的沉积年龄，从而为沉积盆地定量旋回地层学分析提供了锚点约束.Abstract: Due to the lack of stable radioisotopic chronoscope in sedimentary strata for a long time, determination of their absolute ages has become the bottleneck both in stratigraphic and petroleum geological investigations. In this paper it uses quantitative cyclostratigraphy theory and method, combining with the constraint by U-Pb dating of bedding-parallel fibrous calcite, to re-determine the absolute age of the main statigraphic interfaces of the Gaoyou sag in Subei basin, and obtains the different duration of Sanduo movement and the coupling relationship in time between the structural transforming surface of dual rifting stages and the Pacific plate subduction bending (50 Ma±).The top and base of Sanduo Formation in Gaoyou sag are 34.0 Ma and 43.3 Ma respectively. The base of Dainan Formation is 50.5 Ma and that of Fu 1 and Fu 2 Members are 66.0 Ma and 56.5 Ma individually. The duration of residual strata of Sanduo Formation from Yong'an 38, which is in the sub-sag area, is 8.28 Ma, and its starting age of uplift denudation is 34.06 Ma, while the end is 23.03 Ma, which means the denudation time is 11.03 Ma. The time of denudation of uplift and slope was earlier than 34.06 Ma, and the time of denudation was longer. The U-Pb dating of Fu 4 member is 53.1±3.7 Ma. The results show follows: (1) The 50 Ma± and 23.03 Ma± interfaces in Gaoyou sag of the Subei basin are tectonic responses of the Pacific plate subduction bending and the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. The depocenter of Gaoyou sag early uplifted comparatively since the Late Eocene (34.06 Ma) and underwent the denudation span of 11.03 Ma. The main reason is perhaps related to the remote effect of the overall performance of Indo-Eurasian plate collision with compression regime in the South China block, and lack of NE-trending deep mantle uplift. (2) The U-Pb dating result of bedding-parallel fibrous calcite veins developed in the source rock system can be used as the sedimentary age of the strata, providing an excellent anchor point constraint for quantitative cyclostratigraphic analysis of sedimentary basins.
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图 2 高邮凹陷构造单元划分
图中显示了本文所用钻井位置
Fig. 2. The map of the structural unit division Gaoyou sag
图 3 定量旋回分析学分析基本流程
Fig. 3. The essential flow chart for quantitative cyclostatigraphy analysis
图 4 高邮凹陷古近系深度域GR数据序列的旋回综合分析图
Fig. 4. Cyclostratigraphy for GR data series of the Paleogene succession of the Gaoyou sag in depth domain
图 5 高邮凹陷古近系浮动年代标尺与总GR序列深度域、时间域及ETP综合对比（Laskar et al., 2011）
Fig. 5. Floating time scale for the Paleogene succession of the Gaoyou sag, the composite GR depth-series, the composite GR time-series and Earth's orbital parameters from 66.0 to 34.0 Ma presented in ETP format according to the La2010d model (Laskar et al., 2011)
图 6 高邮凹陷古近系绝对年代标尺与总GR序列及La2010理论偏心率曲线（Laskar et al., 2011）的综合对比
Fig. 6. Astronomical time scale (ATS) for the Paleogene succession of the Gaoyou sag. It includes the eccentricity of the La2010d astronomical models, the 405 ka filters of La2010d eccentricity, the composite GR time-series of our study, and the ~405 ka filters of the GR time-series (Laskar et al., 2011)
图 7 黄158井3 187.65 m（阜宁组阜四段）页岩中顺层同向生长纤维状方解石脉岩石学观测
a.1~3 mm厚顺层方解石脉岩心照片；b.场发射扫描电镜照片显示和富有机质粘土纹层中发育的顺层方解石脉（a）；b~c.照片黄色圆点位置能谱分析证实脉体为方解石矿物；d.顺层同向生长纤维方解石脉透射光照片，发育中间缝合线，红色箭头指示生长方向；e，d. 同一视域阴极发光照片，绿色点区域为方解石超低浓度U-Pb定年激光剥蚀点；另一区域为微钻取样方解石O-C同位素组成分析；f. 顺层同向生长纤维状方解石脉透射光照片，发育中间缝合线；g，f. 同一视域的荧光照片显示中间缝合线带发育第一期发火红色荧光低熟油原生包裹体，而切穿方解石脉的剪切裂纹中捕获发蓝绿色荧光的较高成熟度次生油包裹体
Fig. 7. Petrographic observation of bedding-parallel syntaxial growth fibrous calcite veins in the shale succession at depth of 3 187.65 m of Well Huang 158 (the Fourth Member of Funing Formation, E1f4)
图 8 黄158井3 187.65 m（阜宁组阜四段）顺层方解石脉激光原位方解石U-Pb定年
激光原位剥蚀位置见图 7e
Fig. 8. The U-Pb dating by laser ablation in-situ of bedding-parallel syntaxial fibrous calcite vein at depth of 3 187.65 m (E1f4) of Well Huang 158
图 9 黄158井戴二段深度域和时间域GR数据序列的旋回综合分析图
Fig. 9. Cyclostratigraphy for GR data series of E2d1 of Well Huang 158 both in depth domain and time domain
图 10 中国东部陆上典型新生代断陷盆地主要界面对比图
Fig. 10. Comparison diagram of the main stratigraphic boundaries for typical Cenozoic faulted sag in the East China continent
表 1 高邮凹陷定量旋回地层分析自然伽马曲线选取井段
Table 1. Selections of natural gamma ray (GR) curve intervals for cyclostratigraphy analysis in Gaoyou sag
序号 层位 井号 底界年龄(Ma)（本次研究） 底界年龄(Ma)（陈安定，2010） 深度段（m） GR分段 1 东台组 Qd 永38 2.0 2.6 0~143 2 盐二段 N1y2 永38 11.3 11.0 143~477 3 盐一段 N1y1 永38 23.03 23.5 477~1 138 4 垛三段 剥蚀 永38 34.0 33.7~37.0 5 垛二段 E2s2 1 138~2 460 A 6 垛一段 E2s1 43.3 41.0 7 戴二段 E2d2 永38 2 460~3 095 B 8 戴一段 E2d1 50.5 53.0 3 095~3 860 9 阜四段 E1f4 花X27 2 348.7~3 254 C 10 阜三段 E1f3 11 阜二段 E1f2 56.5 59.0 12 阜一段 E1f1 瓦X21 66.0 65.0 2 694.4~3 216.1 D 13 泰二段 K2t2 14 泰一段 K2t1 
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