Characteristics of Volcano Stratigraphic Elements in Faulted Depression Basin and Its Geologic Significance: A Case Analysis of Full Coring Well of Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation in Jiutai, Jilin Province
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摘要: 火山地层具有特殊的时空属性和地质记录特征，但在盆地充填分析时未引起足够重视.为进一步明确火山地层的地质属性，利用松辽盆地下白垩统营城组全取心浅钻井（营一D1和营三D1井）资料开展火山地层构成要素特征及地质意义研究.营一D1井营城组一段和营三D1井营城组三段火山地层分别识别出3个和2个喷发间断不整合界面、10个和8个喷发整合/不整合界面.根据喷发间断不整合界面属性可知，营一D1井和营三D1井火山地层可分别划分为4个和3个火山机构，稀土和微量元素对火山机构有较好的响应.堆积单元有简单熔岩流、辫状熔岩流、穹丘、热碎屑流、热基浪和火山泥石流6类，熔岩类单元喷发时的火山气体排放强度弱于火山碎屑岩类单元.火山地层具有建造时间短暂和间断时间长久的时间属性，火山地层的建造速率不能简单地利用地层厚度和测试的顶底时间差来计算.Abstract: Volcano stratigraphy has special temporal and spatial attributes and geological record characteristics, but it has not attracted enough attention in the analysis of basin filling. In order to further clarify the geological attributes of volcano stratigraphy, the characteristics and geologic significance of volcano stratigraphic elements of Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation in Songliao Basin are studied by taking the full coring shallow drilling wells (Y1D1 and Y3D1) as examples. 3 eruptive interval unconformity boundaries and 10 eruptive conformity/unconformity boundaries are identified in the volcano stratigraphy of the first member of Yingcheng Formation in Well Y1D1. 2 eruptive interval unconformity boundaries and 8 eruptive conformity/unconformity boundaries are identified in the volcano stratigraphy of the third member of Yingcheng Formation in Well Y3D1.According to the attributes of eruptive interval unconformity boundary, the volcano stratigraphy of Well Y1D1 can be divided into 4 volcano edifices, and the volcano stratigraphy of Well Y3D1 can be divided into 3 volcano edifices.Rare earth and trace elements have a good response to the volcano edifice. There are 6 types of deposit unit: simple lava flow, braided lava flow, dome, pyroclastic flow, base surge and lahar. The emission intensity of volcano gas during the eruption of lava units is weaker than that of pyroclastic units.Volcano stratigraphy has the time attributes of short construction time and long eruptive interruption time, and the construction rate of volcano stratigraphy cannot be calculated simply by using the stratigraphy thickness and the time difference between the top and bottom of the test.
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Key words:
- volcanic stratigraphy /
- Yingcheng Formation /
- deposit unit /
- greenhouse gas /
- Songliao Basin /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 松辽盆地及研究区地质概况
据孙晓猛等，2011；王璞珺等，2015b；K1y1为营城组一段，K1y2为营城组二段，K1y3为营城组三段；a.松辽盆地地层综合柱状图；b.研究区位置
Fig. 1. Geological survey of Songliao Basin and study area
图 2 松辽盆地营一D1井和营三D1井营城组火山地层界面特征
Fig. 2. Characteristics of stratigraphic boundaries of volcano stratigraphy in Yingcheng Formation of Y1D1 and Y3D1 wells in Songliao Basin
图 3 松辽盆地营一D1井（a）和营三D1井（b）营城组火山地层堆积单元及岩相特征
Fig. 3. Characteristics of deposit units and lithofacies of volcano stratigraphy in Yingcheng Formation of Well Y1D1 (a) and Well Y3D1 (b) in Songliao Basin
图 4 穹丘和简单熔岩流堆积单元特征
n为统计的气孔数量
Fig. 4. Characteristics of simple lava flow and dome deposit units
图 9 营一D1井和营三D1井营城组火山岩球粒陨石标准化稀土配分图（a、b）和微量元素原始地幔标准化图解（c、d）
标准化值据Sun and McDonough, 1989. 图a、图c中样品为中基性岩；图b、图d中样品为酸性岩
Fig. 9. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and primitive mantle-normalized patterns of trace element of the volcanic rocks from Yingcheng Formation of Y1D1 and Y3D1 wells in Songliao Basin
图 10 营一D1井和营三D1井地层时间属性和温室气体排放特征示意图
SLF. simple lava flow，简单熔岩流；BLF. braided lava flow，辫状熔岩流；D. dome，穹丘；PF. pyroclastic flow，热碎屑流；BS. based surge，热基浪；L. lahar，火山泥石流
Fig. 10. Sketch map of temporal attributes and greenhouse gas emissions of wells Y1D1 and Y3D1
图 11 营一D1井和营三D1井营城组火山岩强不相容元素交汇图
Fig. 11. The diagrams of strong incompatible elements of Yingcheng Formation of Y1D1 and Y3D1 wells in Songliao Basin
图 12 九台地区营城组一段凝灰岩中的固‒气两相熔融包裹体
a.营一D1井97.95 m，辉石内成群分布，由气体和玻璃质组成的熔融包裹体，正交偏光；b. 营一D1井126.9 m，石英内成群分布，由气体和玻璃质组成的熔融包裹体，正交偏光；c.吉林省九台地区露头JT1-02，石英内孤立分布，由气体和玻璃质组成的熔融包裹体，正交偏光；d. 样品JT1-02的激光拉曼光谱，1 652.84 cm‒1峰值处挥发份成分不确定
Fig. 12. Solid-gas two phase melt inclusions in the tuff of the first member of Yingcheng Formation, Jiutai area
表 1 营城组火山岩稀土和微量元素（10‒6）分析结果
Table 1. Rare earth and trace elements (10‒6) analyses of the volcanic rocks from Yingcheng Formation
营一D1
(205.50 m)营一D1
(203.30 m)营一D1
(75.25 m)营一D1
(67.15 m)营一D1
(36.35 m)营一D1
(20.20 m)营三D1
(187.20 m)营三D1 (181.90 m) 营三D1
(57.30 m)营三D1 (28.00 m) La 54.97 56.38 15.08 18.66 51.76 33.77 61.53 60.25 29.92 32.89 Ce 108.67 115.94 30.97 38.97 101.48 62.98 116.77 107.53 69.02 76.43 Pr 12.04 12.90 3.11 3.92 11.65 7.60 12.74 12.67 6.71 7.98 Nd 49.70 52.68 13.16 16.44 46.93 29.62 48.68 48.89 29.62 35.33 Sm 8.53 8.87 2.95 3.62 9.43 6.12 7.98 7.97 5.86 7.28 Eu 2.04 2.01 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.14 1.43 1.41 1.80 2.17 Gd 7.28 7.41 1.52 2.25 7.22 4.03 7.51 7.53 3.99 4.99 Tb 0.90 0.87 0.40 0.50 1.77 0.84 0.70 0.81 0.68 0.86 Dy 6.19 5.86 2.86 4.01 12.43 6.11 4.89 5.21 4.55 6.33 Ho 1.23 1.14 0.70 0.83 2.83 1.20 0.93 0.99 0.86 1.21 Er 4.08 3.86 1.95 2.22 7.60 3.62 3.21 3.34 2.49 3.51 Tm 0.56 0.52 0.38 0.42 1.20 0.59 0.40 0.43 0.37 0.51 Yb 3.71 3.38 2.34 2.44 7.01 3.72 2.59 2.70 2.22 3.26 Lu 0.59 0.53 0.41 0.37 1.15 0.56 0.39 0.41 0.33 0.50 ∑REE 260.49 272.35 75.98 94.79 262.61 160.90 269.75 260.14 158.42 183.25 ∑LREE 235.95 248.78 65.42 81.75 221.40 140.23 249.13 238.72 142.93 162.08 ∑HREE 24.54 23.57 10.56 13.04 41.21 20.67 20.62 21.42 15.49 21.17 ∑LREE/ ∑HREE 9.61 10.55 6.20 6.27 5.37 6.78 12.08 11.14 9.23 7.66 (La/Yb)N 9.99 11.25 4.34 5.16 4.98 6.12 16.02 15.04 9.09 6.80 Sm/Nd 0.17 0.17 0.22 0.22 0.20 0.21 0.16 0.16 0.20 0.21 δEu 0.74 0.77 0.19 0.14 0.05 0.08 0.56 0.55 1.07 1.04 Li 19.62 15.87 18.82 23.38 25.83 30.04 22.70 11.58 11.10 21.47 Sc 13.88 14.65 4.07 3.00 3.60 3.24 15.31 19.57 19.63 21.81 V 89.09 111.71 3.20 3.90 4.79 3.59 91.76 88.29 67.26 93.74 Cr 109.43 136.84 139.64 60.89 61.66 2.95 91.76 88.29 67.26 93.74 Co 25.55 15.39 0.87 1.00 1.50 0.80 21.66 24.07 29.74 24.58 Ni 84.23 63.82 1.92 1.55 3.75 0.47 63.54 63.14 23.50 12.53 Cu 22.89 21.00 0.67 6.68 8.47 17.18 27.95 19.20 29.67 20.83 Rb 86.88 68.03 173.14 222.74 206.51 214.10 57.33 38.39 32.18 37.14 Sr 288.33 509.69 51.28 40.22 43.78 42.12 514.44 492.40 676.17 564.62 Y 37.95 34.96 16.58 22.48 83.13 33.72 27.57 29.59 25.34 32.46 Zr 277.69 331.51 575.45 554.76 521.91 305.31 314.35 230.86 172.15 244.96 Nb 36.19 41.60 39.08 41.01 21.47 18.34 15.73 14.31 13.53 16.88 Cs 9.66 3.47 23.48 1.21 3.50 3.65 2.03 1.43 1.09 1.52 Ba 1273.40 778.90 50.25 62.52 99.90 99.00 863.40 828.60 696.70 1090.40 Hf 6.67 7.62 13.79 11.67 11.79 7.92 5.68 5.61 4.40 6.32 Ta 1.31 1.57 3.63 2.72 3.41 3.51 1.09 1.02 1.17 1.36 Tl 0.32 0.32 3.44 0.64 0.58 0.47 0.25 0.17 0.15 0.22 Pb 14.53 11.61 22.72 20.45 24.20 20.06 11.22 15.51 8.67 14.86 Th 5.87 6.73 4.43 3.46 9.48 9.61 3.71 4.43 2.09 4.29 U 1.34 1.22 1.32 1.75 2.14 1.55 0.86 1.04 0.65 1.33 Rb/Sr 0.30 0.13 3.38 5.54 4.72 5.08 0.11 0.08 0.05 0.07 
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表 2 火山熔岩和火山碎屑岩中熔融包裹体的CO2含量
Table 2. CO2 content of molt inclusions in lava and pyroclastic rocks
地点 岩石类型 赋存矿物 CO2含量(10‒6) 参考文献 波利尼西亚群岛 玄武岩 橄榄石 350~7 600 Hanyu et al., 2020 维多利亚北部大陆 玄武岩 橄榄石 304±64 Giacomoni et al., 2020 Garibaldi火山 玄武岩 橄榄石 750±55 Venugopal et al., 2020 Cayley火山 玄武岩 橄榄石 861~1 123 Meager火山 玄武岩 橄榄石 1 328~1 372 冰岛东部火山带 火山灰 - 262~2 070 Neave et al., 2015
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