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    新疆东准噶尔库拉比也铜镍矿床含矿岩体的成因及构造意义: 年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr⁃Nd⁃Hf同位素证据

    汤贺军 孟贵祥 王召林 邓震 李成文 祁光 薛融晖

    汤贺军, 孟贵祥, 王召林, 邓震, 李成文, 祁光, 薛融晖, 2022. 新疆东准噶尔库拉比也铜镍矿床含矿岩体的成因及构造意义: 年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr⁃Nd⁃Hf同位素证据. 地球科学, 47(9): 3192-3209. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.128
    引用本文: 汤贺军, 孟贵祥, 王召林, 邓震, 李成文, 祁光, 薛融晖, 2022. 新疆东准噶尔库拉比也铜镍矿床含矿岩体的成因及构造意义: 年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr⁃Nd⁃Hf同位素证据. 地球科学, 47(9): 3192-3209. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.128
    Tang Hejun, Meng Guixiang, Wang Zhaolin, Deng Zhen, Li Chengwen, Qi Guang, Xue Ronghui, 2022. Genesis and Tectonic Significance of Ore Bearing Rock Mass in Kulabiye Cu⁃Ni Deposit, East Junggar, Xinjiang: Evidence from Chronology, Geochemistry and Sr⁃Nd⁃Hf Isotopes. Earth Science, 47(9): 3192-3209. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.128
    Citation: Tang Hejun, Meng Guixiang, Wang Zhaolin, Deng Zhen, Li Chengwen, Qi Guang, Xue Ronghui, 2022. Genesis and Tectonic Significance of Ore Bearing Rock Mass in Kulabiye Cu⁃Ni Deposit, East Junggar, Xinjiang: Evidence from Chronology, Geochemistry and Sr⁃Nd⁃Hf Isotopes. Earth Science, 47(9): 3192-3209. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.128

    新疆东准噶尔库拉比也铜镍矿床含矿岩体的成因及构造意义: 年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr⁃Nd⁃Hf同位素证据

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.128
    基金项目: 

    国家重点研发计划专项 2018YFC0604002

    中国地质调查局项目 DD20221643⁃6

    中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目 JKY21021

    中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目 JKY202122

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      汤贺军(1987—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事矿产资源勘查及矿床学研究.ORCID:0000⁃0002⁃0720⁃3682.E⁃mail:tanghejungeo@163.com

      通讯作者:

      孟贵祥,ORCID:0000⁃0002⁃4473⁃057X. E⁃mail: mgxlw@126.com

    • 中图分类号: P618

    Genesis and Tectonic Significance of Ore Bearing Rock Mass in Kulabiye Cu⁃Ni Deposit, East Junggar, Xinjiang: Evidence from Chronology, Geochemistry and Sr⁃Nd⁃Hf Isotopes

    • 摘要: 新疆北部是中亚造山带的重要组成部分,具有众多含铜‒镍硫化物的镁铁质‒超镁铁质侵入体,是中国第二大铜镍成矿区.库拉比也铜镍矿床位于新疆阿勒泰富蕴县,是继新疆北部最大的铜镍矿(喀拉通克)发现以来,在东准噶尔北缘铜镍矿找矿的新突破.尽管前人对该矿床的地质、地球物理特征进行了总结,提出了矿床成因及找矿标志,但含矿岩体的成因及构造意义等一些关键问题尚未解决.本文对库拉比也含矿岩体进行了岩石学、年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究.结果表明,库拉比也铜镍矿床含矿岩体主要为辉长岩,表现出轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾模式,富集大离子亲石元素Ba、U、K,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、Lu.辉长岩的(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.703 948~0.704 109,εNdt)在5.28~5.74之间,其锆石的176Hf/177Hf和εHft)变化较大,分别为0.282 851~0.283 034和+8.6~+15.1,εHft)平均值为12.9.主微量元素及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征显示源区有壳源物质的加入.库拉比也含矿岩体的形成年龄(约278 Ma)与区域性铜镍矿床的矿化年龄一致(约300~270 Ma),很可能形成于后碰撞伸展环境,其初始岩浆可能与软流圈岩浆上涌并导致被交代的地幔楔的部分熔融与岩浆混合有关.库拉比也成岩成矿时代揭示了早二叠世与铜镍成矿相关的岩浆活动在东准噶尔地区广泛发生,东准噶尔北缘具有很好的铜镍找矿潜力.

       

    • 图  1  东准噶尔大地构造位置图(a)及库拉比也地区地质简图(b)

      图a据冯京和张招崇(2009);图b据新疆维吾尔自治区地质局,1971,1:20万恰库尔特图幅区域地质矿产报告

      Fig.  1.  Tectonic map of East Junggar (a) and regional geological map of Kulabiye area (b)

      图  2  库拉比也矿区1#杂岩体地质简图(a)及矿区实测地质剖面(b)

      图a据新疆地质矿产开发局第二区域地质调查大队,2016,新疆富蕴县库拉比也西铜镍矿调查评价报告;位置见图 1

      Fig.  2.  Geological map of Kulabiye area (a), geological profile (b) of the mining area

      图  3  库拉比也含矿岩石及矿石镜下照片

      a.辉长岩;b.块状矿石;c.辉长岩镜下正交偏光照片;d.辉长岩镜下单偏光照片;e.辉长闪长岩镜下正交偏光照片;f.矿石镜下反光照片. Px.辉石;Hbl.角闪石;Pl.斜长石;Ccp.黄铜矿;Pn.镍黄铁矿;Py.黄铁矿

      Fig.  3.  Ore bearing rock mass of Kulabiye deposit and microscopic photos

      图  4  库拉比也含矿辉长岩锆石CL照片

      Fig.  4.  Zircon CL photos of Kulabiye gabbro

      图  5  库拉比也含矿辉长岩锆石U-Pb年龄

      Fig.  5.  Zircon U-Pb dating of Kulabiye gabbro

      图  6  库拉比也含矿辉长岩SiO2-Na2O+K2O图解(a)及SiO2-K2O图解(b)

      图a据Middlemost(1994);图b据Rollinson(1993

      Fig.  6.  SiO2-Na2O+K2O (a) and SiO2-K2O (b) diagrams of Kulabiye gabbro

      图  7  库拉比也含矿辉长岩稀土元素配分曲线及微量元素蛛网图

      图据Sun and McDonough(1989

      Fig.  7.  Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns and continental primitive mantle-normalized multi-element distribution patterns of Kulabiye gabbro

      图  8  库拉比也辉长岩εNd(t)‒(87Sr/86Sr)i图解(a)及εNd(t)t图解(b)

      东准噶尔数据引自Liu and Liu(2014);喀拉通克岩体数据引自冯延清(2018);EM I、EM II.富集地幔;MORB.洋中脊玄武岩;HIMU.高U/Pb比值的地幔;东准噶尔数据引自Zhang et al.2009);阿尔泰数据引自Wang et al.2009);中元古代地壳、北疆地区古生代洋壳数据引自韩宝福等(2006)和Hu et al.2000

      Fig.  8.  εNd(t)‒(87Sr/86Sr)i (a) and εNd(t)t (b) diagrams of Kulabiye gabbro

      图  9  库拉比也辉长岩年龄‒εHf(t)图解

      东准噶尔北缘320~330Ma花岗岩类引自Liu and Liu(2014);喀拉通克岩体数据引自冯延清(2018

      Fig.  9.  Age‒εHf(t) diagram of Kulabiye gabbro

      表  1  库拉比也含矿辉长岩LA⁃ICP⁃MS锆石U⁃Pb分析结果

      Table  1.   LA⁃ICP⁃MS zircon U⁃Pb isotopic data of Kulabiye gabbro

      Spot Pb(10‒6 Th(10‒6 U(10‒6 Th/U 比值 年龄(Ma)
      207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ
      KL1-01 14 176 253 0.69 0.052 0 0.001 2 0.314 4 0.006 9 0.044 1 0.000 5 277.6 5.4 277.9 3.2
      KL1-02 10 77 203 0.38 0.052 9 0.001 1 0.312 0 0.006 7 0.042 8 0.000 4 275.7 5.2 270.0 2.5
      KL1-03 14 145 266 0.54 0.053 1 0.001 1 0.320 1 0.006 8 0.043 7 0.000 4 282.0 5.3 275.9 2.6
      KL1-04 23 262 410 0.64 0.052 7 0.000 9 0.324 8 0.005 8 0.044 7 0.000 5 285.6 4.4 282.0 2.9
      KL1-06 23 241 413 0.58 0.053 1 0.000 7 0.329 7 0.005 3 0.045 0 0.000 4 289.3 4.0 283.6 2.6
      KL1-07 2 13 37 0.35 0.055 3 0.003 5 0.334 9 0.019 0 0.045 0 0.000 8 293.3 14.5 283.9 4.8
      KL1-08 7 64 126 0.51 0.051 0 0.001 5 0.307 6 0.008 8 0.044 0 0.000 4 272.3 6.8 277.5 2.7
      KL1-09 19 208 349 0.60 0.051 7 0.000 9 0.315 1 0.006 0 0.044 2 0.000 5 278.1 4.6 279.0 2.8
      KL1-10 12 114 229 0.50 0.052 7 0.001 3 0.320 0 0.007 6 0.044 1 0.000 4 281.9 5.8 278.3 2.5
      KL1-11 4 30 72 0.41 0.055 0 0.002 5 0.336 6 0.015 8 0.044 5 0.000 7 294.6 12.0 280.7 4.0
      KL1-12 11 88 214 0.41 0.052 3 0.001 1 0.326 4 0.007 8 0.045 2 0.000 4 286.8 6.0 285.0 2.8
      KL1-15 5 42 99 0.43 0.049 5 0.001 9 0.305 2 0.011 2 0.045 0 0.000 5 270.5 8.7 284.0 3.1
      KL1-16 12 187 211 0.88 0.058 1 0.001 3 0.347 8 0.007 8 0.043 5 0.000 4 303.0 5.9 274.2 2.4
      KL1-17 14 167 251 0.67 0.053 6 0.001 3 0.329 4 0.008 1 0.044 6 0.000 5 289.1 6.2 281.5 2.8
      KL1-18 12 136 233 0.58 0.049 0 0.001 0 0.293 5 0.006 1 0.043 5 0.000 4 261.3 4.8 274.7 2.7
      KL1-19 8 100 154 0.65 0.050 6 0.001 5 0.300 7 0.008 7 0.043 1 0.000 5 267.0 6.8 272.2 2.9
      KL1-22 12 103 232 0.44 0.051 6 0.001 2 0.313 7 0.007 5 0.044 1 0.000 5 277.0 5.8 278.2 2.8
      KL1-23 9 92 171 0.54 0.055 4 0.001 6 0.329 0 0.010 0 0.043 1 0.000 4 288.8 7.6 272.0 2.7
      KL1-24 10 115 170 0.68 0.065 1 0.001 7 0.386 9 0.010 2 0.043 1 0.0005 332.1 7.5 272.1 2.9
      KL1-25 16 211 274 0.77 0.054 3 0.001 1 0.334 4 0.006 7 0.044 8 0.000 5 292.9 5.1 282.3 3.0
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  库拉比也含矿辉长岩主量及微量元素组成

      Table  2.   Chemical composition of major and trace elements of Kulabiye gabbro

      样品编号 K1-2 KL-7 K1-8 ZK4002-14-3 ZK4003-14-1 ZK4003-14-7 ZK4003-15-2
      岩性 辉长岩
      SiO2 49.71 50.96 48.11 47.59 46.21 47.61 46.93
      Al2O3 15.22 15.13 14.87 14.36 15.28 14.51 14.24
      CaO 4.89 4.69 2.69 6.96 7.04 7.23 6.91
      TFe2O3 10.82 10.59 15.19 17.99 19.45 16.05 19.72
      K2O 1.92 1.55 1.96 0.76 0.76 0.74 0.72
      MgO 4.48 4.38 3.88 3.76 3.28 3.77 3.75
      MnO 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.17 0.17
      Na2O 4.51 4.77 4.68 3.05 3.53 3.36 3.00
      P2O5 0.77 0.76 0.87 0.66 0.57 0.63 0.65
      TiO2 2.24 2.22 2.46 1.90 1.79 1.93 1.92
      LOI 5.22 4.08 4.27 1.39 0.53 2.56 0.56
      Total 99.97 99.31 99.16 98.59 98.59 98.57 98.57
      A/NK 1.60 1.59 1.51 2.46 2.31 2.29 2.49
      A/CNK 0.83 0.84 1.01 0.78 0.79 0.74 0.78
      Mg# 42 42 31 27 23 30 25
      Sc 21.5 21.5 23.4 21.1 17.9 20.9 21.2
      V 195 192 221 229 206 240 239
      Co 29.4 30.0 103 114 117 86.6 132
      Ni 53.4 42.8 1 740 1 974 2 125 1 403 2 438
      Cu 281 174 2 380 4 253 4 968 3 193 5 046
      Zn 136 135 162 136 132 155 144
      Ga 22.1 21.7 21.4 18.1 18.7 19.5 18.6
      Rb 27.2 22.1 25.9 12.4 10.7 10.6 11.3
      Sr 786 759 621 617 640 695 607
      Y 44.1 44.6 48.9 35.1 33.1 35.9 35.1
      Zr 482 470 443 219 248 258 216
      Nb 17.1 17.4 16.8 15.8 14.7 17.8 15.1
      Cs 0.71 0.41 0.49 0.93 0.95 1.10 0.93
      Ba 1 172 768 727 363 389 456 365
      La 40.3 39.6 34.3 29.5 28.2 30.2 29.9
      Ce 90.1 89.5 84.5 62.5 60.5 63.4 63.3
      Pr 12.30 12.10 11.40 8.47 7.82 8.58 8.66
      Nd 56.7 59.5 55.2 34.4 31.8 34.9 35.0
      Sm 10.70 10.40 11.10 7.86 7.00 7.78 7.81
      Eu 2.87 2.75 3.01 2.22 2.04 2.30 2.31
      Gd 11.10 10.70 11.70 7.94 7.19 7.99 7.97
      Tb 1.74 1.71 1.86 1.14 1.03 1.12 1.12
      Dy 10.2 9.96 10.8 6.25 5.76 6.63 6.53
      Ho 2.04 2.03 2.14 1.23 1.13 1.23 1.20
      Er 5.36 5.29 5.68 3.18 3.06 3.35 3.24
      Tm 0.81 0.80 0.83 0.45 0.45 0.48 0.46
      Yb 4.84 4.81 4.91 2.81 2.76 3.05 2.89
      Lu 0.78 0.76 0.77 0.43 0.43 0.48 0.44
      Hf 9.91 9.53 8.93 4.76 5.56 5.60 4.89
      Ta 1.10 1.08 1.05 0.63 0.60 0.73 0.62
      Pb 4.53 6.57 3.08 46.20 40.50 34.70 53.50
      Th 2.60 2.61 2.06 1.44 1.39 1.35 1.49
      U 1.85 2.92 3.16 0.52 0.50 0.48 0.54
      ∑REE 250 250 238 168 159 171 171
      (La/Yb)N 5.97 5.91 5.01 7.52 7.32 7.10 7.42
      δEu 0.80 0.79 0.80 0.85 0.87 0.88 0.89
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  库拉比也含矿岩辉长岩Sr⁃Nd同位素组成

      Table  3.   Sr⁃Nd isotopic compositions of Kulabiye gabbro

      样品编号 ZK4002-14-3 ZK4003-14-1 ZK4003-14-7 ZK4003-15-2
      t(Ma) 278 278 278 278
      Rb 12.4 10.7 10.6 11.3
      Sr 617 640 695 607
      87Rb/86Sr 0.0863 0.070 9 0.132 8 0.081 0
      87Sr/86Sr 0.704 292 0.704 234 0.704 638 0.704 306
      2σ 0.000 004 0.000 004 0.000 005 0.000 004
      87Sr/86Sr)i 0.703 948 0.703 952 0.704 109 0.703 983
      Sm 7.86 7 7.78 7.81
      Nd 34.4 31.8 34.9 35
      147Sm/144Nd 0.133 1 0.133 3 0.126 6 0.138 3
      143Nd/144Nd 0.512 815 0.512 816 0.512 78 0.512 816
      2σ 0.000 008 0.000 007 0.000 009 0.000 007
      143Nd/144Nd)i 0.512 571 0.512 572 0.512 548 0.512 563
      εNdt 5.73 5.74 5.28 5.56
      TDM(Ma) 637 637 651 679
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  4  库拉比也含矿岩辉长岩锆石Lu⁃Hf同位素分析结果

      Table  4.   Lu⁃Hf isotopic composition of zircons from Kulabiye gabbro

      样品点号 t(Ma) 176Yb/177Hf 176Lu/177Hf 176Hf/177Hf 2σ εHf(0) εHf(t) 2σ TDM1 fLu/Hf
      KL1-01 278 0.057 1 0.002 1 0.283 018 0.000 027 8.7 14.4 1.0 341 ‒0.94
      KL1-02 270 0.045 3 0.001 6 0.282 939 0.000 020 5.9 11.6 0.7 450 ‒0.95
      KL1-03 276 0.058 8 0.002 1 0.282 959 0.000 025 6.6 12.3 0.9 428 ‒0.94
      KL1-04 282 0.047 0 0.001 6 0.282 948 0.000 020 6.2 12.1 0.7 438 ‒0.95
      KL1-06 284 0.059 4 0.002 0 0.282 970 0.000 023 7.0 12.9 0.8 411 ‒0.94
      KL1-07 284 0.029 7 0.001 0 0.282 919 0.000 022 5.2 11.3 0.8 472 ‒0.97
      KL1-08 277 0.039 1 0.001 4 0.282 851 0.000 023 2.8 8.6 0.8 574 ‒0.96
      KL1-09 279 0.059 7 0.002 1 0.282 952 0.000 028 6.4 12.1 1.0 437 ‒0.94
      KL1-10 278 0.043 7 0.001 6 0.283 001 0.000 030 8.1 13.9 1.0 361 ‒0.95
      KL1-11 281 0.029 2 0.001 0 0.283 015 0.000 022 8.6 14.6 0.8 336 ‒0.97
      KL1-12 285 0.071 5 0.002 5 0.282 940 0.000 027 5.9 11.7 1.0 460 ‒0.93
      KL1-15 284 0.022 1 0.000 8 0.283 027 0.000 025 9.0 15.1 0.9 318 ‒0.97
      KL1-16 274 0.029 4 0.001 0 0.283 020 0.000 022 8.8 14.6 0.8 329 ‒0.97
      KL1-17 281 0.103 0 0.003 5 0.283 010 0.000 030 8.4 14.0 1.1 367 ‒0.89
      KL1-18 275 0.057 5 0.002 0 0.283 034 0.000 026 9.3 14.9 0.9 317 ‒0.94
      KL1-19 272 0.044 4 0.001 5 0.282 957 0.000 026 6.6 12.3 0.9 423 ‒0.95
      KL1-22 278 0.032 6 0.001 2 0.282 990 0.000 024 7.7 13.6 0.8 374 ‒0.96
      KL1-23 272 0.042 8 0.001 7 0.282 985 0.000 027 7.5 13.2 1.0 386 ‒0.95
      KL1-24 272 0.041 7 0.001 5 0.282 961 0.000 021 6.7 12.4 0.8 418 ‒0.95
      KL1-25 282 0.062 7 0.002 2 0.282 956 0.000 022 6.5 12.3 0.8 433 ‒0.93
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  5  新疆北部主要铜镍矿床年代学统计

      Table  5.   Chronological statistics of main Cu-Ni deposits in northern Xinjiang

      地区 矿床名称 定年对象 定年方法 年龄(Ma) 资料来源
      东准噶尔 喀拉通克铜镍矿 Y1岩体辉长岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 274~287 韩宝福等,2004
      Y3岩体苏长岩 SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 283.3±1.3 焦建刚等,2014
      Y5岩体辉长岩 SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 320.5±2.5 冯延清,2018
      G21岩体辉长岩 SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 281.1±1.5 冯延清,2018
      Y1岩体矿石 Re-Os 290.2±6.9 张作衡等,2005
      Y2岩体矿石 Re-Os 282.5±4.8 张作衡等,2005
      Y1岩体东部矿石 Re-Os 305±15 Han et al., 2007
      科克别克提铜镍矿床 辉长岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 290~291 张永和徐兴旺,2019
      辉长岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 330.3±0.7 单立华等,2018
      闪长岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 328.9±0.6 裴圣良等,2020
      库拉比也铜镍矿床 辉长岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 278±2.2 本文
      东天山 黄山铜镍矿 辉橄岩 SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 283.8±3.4 秦克章等,2002
      黄山东铜镍矿 矿石 Re-Os 282±20 毛景文等,2002
      辉长岩 SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 274±3 韩宝福等,2004
      香山铜镍矿 辉长岩 SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 285±1.2 秦克章等,2002
      白石泉铜镍矿 辉橄岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 281.2±0.9 毛启贵等,2006
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    • 收稿日期:  2022-04-08
    • 刊出日期:  2022-09-25

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