Petrogenesis and Metallogenesis Mechanism of the Ore-Bearing Ultramafic Rocks from the Huangshandong and Huangshanxi Ni-Cu Sulfide Deposits, Eastern Tianshan: Constraints from Plagioclase Compositions
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摘要: 东天山黄山东和黄山西镁铁-超镁铁岩是区域早二叠世大规模幔源岩浆作用的产物，赋存有两个大型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床.黄山东和黄山西矿床的主要矿体均赋存于超镁铁岩中，其含矿超镁铁岩的成因机制研究对揭示区域铜镍硫化物成矿作用机制具有重要意义.本文对黄山东和黄山西含矿超镁铁岩进行了详细的电子背散射图像研究，发现其斜长石斑晶存在显著的不平衡结构，并系统进行了电子探针成分剖面分析.结果显示斜长石具有剧烈变化的成分环带，其中黄山东超镁铁岩斜长石An值介于48.6~75.6，黄山西含矿超镁铁岩斜长石An值介于44.9~79.2，表明两个矿床含矿超镁铁岩的母岩浆在侵位过程中发生过显著的成分变化.结合黄山东和黄山西镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体地质特征，本文认为高分异镁铁质岩浆的加入导致了低分异超镁铁质岩浆成分发生显著变化，致使岩浆硫化物熔离，以及黄山东和黄山西大型铜镍硫化物矿床的形成.Abstract: The Huangshandong and Huangshanxi mafic-ultramafic intrusions in East Tianshan are products of regional large scale Early Permian mantle-derived magmatism, and host two large scale Ni-Cu sulfide deposits. Major ore reserves of the Huangshandong and Huangshanxi deposits are hosted in the ultramafic rocks. Therefore, petrogenesis of their ore-bearing ultramafic rocks plays key role in understanding the matallogenesis of the regional Ni-Cu sulfide deposits. This study uses back scattered electron (BSE) images to observe the ore-bearing ultramafic rocks from Huangshandong and Huangshanxi deposits, and find out that plagioclase phenocrysts show significant disequilibrium. EMPA was used to analyze the chemical compositions and chemical profiles of the plagioclase phenocrysts. The An value of plagioclase from Huangshandong and Huangshanxi ore-bearing ultramafic rocks varies from 48.6 to 75.6 and 44.9 to 79.2, respectively, suggesting that the parental magma of the ore-bearing ultramafic rocks had experienced significant composition change during emplacement. Combined with geology of these two deposits, it is proposed that addition of high differentiated mafic magma into low differentiated ultramafic magma significantly changed parental magma composition, leading to sulfide segregation and formation of the Huangshandong and Huangshanxi large scale Ni-Cu sulfide deposits.
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Key words:
- plagioclase /
- Ni-Cu sulfide deposits /
- mafic-ultramafic intrusion /
- Huangshandong /
- Huangshanxi /
- eastern Tianshan /
- mineral deposit
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图 1 东天山构造格架及矿床分布（据王京彬等, 2006）
Fig. 1. Map of the tectonic framework and deposit distribution in East Tianshan (after Wang et al., 2006)
图 2 黄山东镁铁‒超镁铁岩地质简图和勘探线剖面
图据新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府305项目办公室，1989，黄山铜镍成矿带地质、地球物理和地球化学综合研究及找矿靶区优选报告
Fig. 2. Geological map and a cross section of the Huangshandong mafic-ultramafic intrusion
图 3 黄山西镁铁‒超镁铁岩地质简图和勘探线剖面
图据新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府305项目办公室，1989，黄山铜镍成矿带地质、地球物理和地球化学综合研究及找矿靶区优选报告
Fig. 3. Geological map and cross section of the Huangshanxi mafic-ultramafic intrusion
图 4 黄山东和黄山西含矿超镁铁岩电子背散射图像
矿物缩写：Cr.铬尖晶石；Ol.橄榄石；Opx.斜方辉石；Cpx.单斜辉石；Pl.斜长石；Hb.角闪石
Fig. 4. BSE images of ore-bearing ultramafic rocks from the Huangshandong and Huangshanxi ore-bearing intrusions
图 5 黄山东和黄山西含矿超镁铁岩斜长石分类
Fig. 5. Classfication of plagioclase from Huangshandong and Huangshanxi ore-bearing ultramafic rocks
图 6 黄山东和黄山西含矿超镁铁岩斜长石An值环带
Fig. 6. An value profiles of plagioclase from the Huangshandong and Huangshanxi ore-bearing ultramafic rocks
图 7 东天山镁铁‒超镁铁岩斜长石An值频率直方图
黄山东和香山西镁铁质辉长岩类斜长石成分引自夏明哲等（2010）和石煜等（2017a）
Fig. 7. Hisgram of plagioclase An number of mafic-ultramafic rocks from East Tianshan
表 1 黄山东和黄山西含矿超镁铁岩斜长石成分（%）
Table 1. Plagioclase composition (%) of Huangshandong and Huangshanxi ore-bearing ultramafic rocks
HSD样号 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-7 1-8 1-9 1-10 1-11 1-12 1-13 1-14 1-15 1-16 1-17 1-18 1-19 1-20 SiO2 52.3 52.6 51.8 50.9 50.8 50.7 49.7 51.1 51.1 52.7 55.2 55.2 55.2 54.6 54.0 53.8 53.7 54.2 54.0 54.5 Al2O3 29.7 29.7 30.3 30.8 31.1 31.2 31.3 30.8 30.4 29.9 28.2 28.1 28.0 28.3 28.6 29.2 29.1 28.7 28.5 28.5 FeO 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.16 0.18 0.20 CaO 12.8 12.8 13.5 14.1 14.3 14.2 14.7 14.1 13.7 12.7 10.6 10.5 10.3 11.0 11.6 11.9 11.6 11.4 11.3 11.3 Na2O 4.31 4.51 4.00 3.49 3.40 3.38 3.28 3.54 3.71 4.33 5.66 5.63 5.60 5.22 4.84 4.87 4.97 5.12 5.12 5.17 K2O 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 Total 99.3 99.7 99.6 99.4 99.7 99.6 99.1 99.7 99.0 99.7 99.8 99.5 99.2 99.2 99.2 100.0 99.5 99.6 99.1 99.8 An 61.9 60.9 64.8 68.9 69.8 69.8 71.1 68.6 67.0 61.7 50.7 50.5 50.3 53.6 56.8 57.3 56.2 55.0 54.8 54.6 Ab 37.7 38.8 34.9 30.8 30.0 30.1 28.7 31.2 32.8 38.1 49.0 49.2 49.5 46.2 42.9 42.5 43.6 44.7 44.9 45.0 Kf 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 HSD样号 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-14 2-15 2-16 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 SiO2 55.6 55.3 54.2 53.2 52.6 50.5 49.4 49.7 53.1 53.1 53.2 52.9 50.1 49.7 49.9 50.2 51.2 51.6 52.1 51.9 Al2O3 28.5 28.7 29.0 29.7 30.1 31.1 32.2 31.8 29.5 29.3 29.7 29.4 31.5 31.8 31.8 31.5 30.9 30.5 29.8 29.9 FeO 0.27 0.19 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.40 0.36 CaO 10.6 11.0 11.7 12.5 13.0 14.2 15.4 15.0 12.5 12.4 12.4 12.5 15.0 15.3 15.3 14.9 14.1 13.6 13.0 13.0 Na2O 5.45 5.11 4.83 4.39 4.19 3.39 2.76 2.83 4.46 4.38 4.33 4.37 2.90 2.72 2.98 3.02 3.40 3.70 4.14 3.85 K2O 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 Total 100.5 100.4 99.9 99.9 100.1 99.3 99.9 99.5 99.7 99.3 99.8 99.3 99.7 99.6 100.1 99.8 99.8 99.6 99.5 99.1 An 51.6 54.1 57.1 61.0 63.0 69.7 75.3 74.4 60.6 60.9 61.1 61.1 74.0 75.6 73.9 73.1 69.5 66.9 63.3 65.0 Ab 48.0 45.5 42.7 38.8 36.7 30.1 24.4 25.4 39.1 38.9 38.6 38.7 25.9 24.3 26.0 26.8 30.3 32.9 36.5 34.8 Kf 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 HSD样号 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-7 3-8 3-9 3-10 3-11 3-12 3-13 3-14 3-15 3-16 3-17 3-18 3-19 3-20 SiO2 53.6 53.5 53.4 53.2 52.9 53.1 53.2 53.1 53.0 51.0 50.0 50.4 50.7 50.1 49.4 50.3 51.2 52.0 52.5 52.2 Al2O3 28.7 29.0 29.2 29.4 29.6 29.5 29.5 29.4 29.4 30.7 31.4 31.2 31.0 31.2 31.4 31.1 30.8 30.3 29.9 30.1 FeO 0.42 0.23 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.14 CaO 11.7 12.1 12.3 12.5 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.4 12.2 13.9 14.8 14.6 14.4 14.9 15.4 14.6 13.8 13.3 12.9 13.1 Na2O 4.65 4.56 4.51 4.49 4.46 4.33 4.25 4.38 4.47 3.50 3.01 3.18 3.29 3.07 2.84 3.22 3.60 3.88 4.06 3.97 K2O 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Total 99.1 99.4 99.6 99.6 99.7 99.7 99.6 99.4 99.2 99.3 99.3 99.4 99.5 99.3 99.2 99.4 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.5 An 58.0 59.3 60.0 60.4 60.8 61.5 62.0 60.8 60.0 68.6 73.0 71.6 70.7 72.8 74.8 71.3 67.8 65.3 63.6 64.4 Ab 41.7 40.4 39.8 39.4 39.0 38.3 37.8 38.9 39.8 31.2 26.9 28.3 29.2 27.1 25.0 28.5 32.0 34.5 36.2 35.4 Kf 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 HSX样号 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-7 1-8 1-9 1-10 1-11 1-12 1-13 1-14 1-15 1-16 1-17 1-18 1-19 1-20 SiO2 54.2 53.9 53.8 53.7 49.1 49.3 49.5 49.3 49.1 49.3 48.8 55.2 55.3 55.2 55.1 56.0 55.9 55.8 56.6 57.0 Al2O3 28.2 28.9 28.4 28.5 32.0 31.9 31.6 31.7 31.8 31.7 32.3 28.3 28.1 28.3 28.4 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.3 26.4 FeO 0.57 0.22 0.44 0.46 0.18 0.17 0.37 0.28 0.19 0.28 0.18 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.13 0.24 0.16 0.16 0.19 0.16 CaO 11.2 11.9 11.5 11.6 15.6 15.8 15.2 15.4 15.5 15.4 15.5 10.7 10.7 10.8 11.0 10.2 10.2 10.3 9.90 9.20 Na2O 4.78 4.60 4.54 4.52 2.48 2.54 2.63 2.59 2.55 2.59 2.37 5.24 5.19 5.20 5.06 5.52 5.69 5.59 5.81 6.17 K2O 0.15 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.08 0.10 0.34 0.24 0.13 0.24 0.39 0.25 0.23 0.17 0.17 0.07 0.10 0.11 0.14 0.17 Total 99.1 99.7 98.9 99.0 99.4 99.8 99.6 99.5 99.3 99.5 99.5 99.8 99.7 99.8 99.9 99.5 99.6 99.5 99.9 99.1 An 55.9 58.1 57.6 57.9 77.3 77.0 74.6 75.6 76.5 75.6 76.5 52.2 52.5 52.9 54.0 50.3 49.5 50.1 48.1 44.7 Ab 43.2 40.7 41.2 40.9 22.2 22.4 23.4 23.1 22.8 23.1 21.2 46.3 46.1 46.1 45.0 49.3 49.9 49.2 51.1 54.3 Kf 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.6 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.4 2.3 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 HSX样号 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-14 2-15 2-16 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 SiO2 54.7 49.5 49.0 49.0 48.9 49.4 49.0 49.1 49.0 49.1 49.2 48.9 49.3 55.4 54.3 54.7 55.0 56.1 56.6 57.1 Al2O3 28.3 32.0 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.0 31.8 31.9 31.8 31.9 32.3 32.3 31.8 27.3 28.1 28.1 28.0 27.4 27.0 26.6 FeO 0.24 0.23 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.33 0.33 0.24 0.29 0.20 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.78 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.28 0.26 0.24 CaO 11.5 15.5 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.5 15.5 15.7 15.6 15.8 15.9 15.8 15.7 10.6 11.1 11.1 11.0 10.2 9.80 9.40 Na2O 5.02 2.62 2.59 2.52 2.45 2.59 2.50 2.49 2.50 2.49 2.46 2.46 2.56 5.06 4.95 5.04 5.12 5.51 5.76 6.00 K2O 0.11 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.24 0.26 0.28 Total 99.9 100.0 99.7 99.7 997 99.9 99.2 99.5 99.3 99.6 100.1 99.8 99.7 99.3 99.0 99.4 99.7 99.7 99.7 99.6 An 55.5 76.1 76.2 76.9 77.5 76.6 77.0 77.3 77.2 77.5 77.9 77.7 76.9 53.0 54.8 54.3 53.8 49.9 47.7 45.6 Ab 43.9 23.3 23.1 22.5 21.9 23.1 22.5 22.2 22.3 22.1 21.8 21.9 22.7 45.8 44.2 44.8 45.3 48.7 50.7 52.7 Kf 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.6 HSX样号 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-7 3-8 3-9 3-10 3-11 3-12 3-13 3-14 3-15 3-16 3-17 3-18 3-19 3-20 SiO2 56.1 56.2 55.9 54.7 48.8 48.6 48.3 51.8 55.3 55.3 54.8 55.0 55.1 54.7 54.7 54.4 54.5 55.5 55.9 56.3 Al2O3 27.1 26.9 27.3 28.3 32.2 32.4 32.1 30.1 28.0 28.0 27.7 27.9 28.1 28.4 28.3 28.5 28.5 27.9 27.8 27.6 FeO 0.29 0.40 0.17 0.16 0.19 0.20 0.18 0.27 0.35 0.36 0.41 0.33 0.25 0.24 0.21 0.20 0.14 0.17 0.20 0.22 CaO 10.0 9.70 10.3 11.0 15.8 16.2 16.1 13.4 10.7 10.7 10.8 11.0 11.1 11.5 11.4 11.3 11.4 10.9 10.6 10.2 Na2O 5.56 5.71 5.40 5.09 2.45 2.30 2.32 3.81 5.29 5.12 5.17 5.11 5.05 5.04 5.07 5.03 4.91 5.17 5.36 5.54 K2O 0.25 0.23 0.26 0.23 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.13 0.19 0.17 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.18 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.23 0.24 0.25 Total 99.2 99.1 99.3 99.5 99.5 99.8 99.1 99.5 99.8 99.7 99.1 99.5 99.8 100.1 99.9 99.7 99.7 99.9 100.0 100.1 An 49.2 47.8 50.5 53.7 77.8 79.2 79.0 65.6 52.2 53.1 52.9 53.5 54.1 55.2 54.7 54.7 55.5 53.1 51.4 49.7 Ab 49.4 50.9 47.9 45.0 21.8 20.4 20.6 33.7 46.7 45.9 45.8 45.2 44.5 43.8 44.0 44.0 43.3 45.6 47.2 48.8 Kf 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 
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