Development Model of Natural Fractures in Ultra-Deep Sandstone Reservoirs with Low Porosity in Kelasu Tectonic Belt, Tarim Basin
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摘要: 塔里木盆地克拉苏大气区是我国“西气东输”的重要战略气源地，构造裂缝对油气井高产稳产具有控制作用，但分布规律认识仍不明确.通过露头区激光雷达扫描、岩心及井下电成像，结合铸体薄片、激光共聚焦、CT扫描、碳氧同位素分析、阴极发光等实验方法，开展了裂缝成因机制分析及开发策略总结.认识到克拉苏大气区整体发育4类典型构造变形样式、3种构造裂缝类型、3类微裂缝与基质孔喉配置关系.该区构造裂缝具有“疏密相间、成簇分布”的特征，裂缝带宽度为2~6.5 km；自北向南，采取垂直裂缝优势走向钻进大斜度井并采取差异化改造措施，可提高有效缝网的钻遇率及规避底水上侵.Abstract: Kelasu gas field of Kuqa foreland thrust belt in Tarim Basin is an important strategic gas-producing area for China's "West to East Gas Transmission" project. Structural fractures are widely developed, and it plays an obvious role in controlling the high and stable production of oil and gas wells. However, the distribution of fractures is still unclear. In this paper, the genetic mechanism of fractures, as well as the reservoir development tactics were summarized and analyzed through core fracture measurement, outcrop fracture Ridar scanning, FMI data, analyzing grouting thin section, laser confocal, CT scanning, and cathodoluminescence (CL) results. There are four types of structural deformation styles, three types of structural fractures, as well as three types of relationships between pores, throats and micro-fractures in Kelasu gas field. The structural fracture in this region is characterize by alternating density and clustered distribution, with a width of 2-6 km. To promote the fracture penetration rate effectively, and to avoid the invasion of bottom water at the same time, it is suggested to, drill highly deviated wells vertical to structural fractures, from north to south, in combination with differentiated reservoir reconstruction.
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Key words:
- ultra⁃deep /
- tight sandstone /
- fracture model /
- reservoir /
- Tarim Basin /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 塔里木盆地克拉苏大气田构造位置及岩性组合
Fig. 1. Tectonic location and lithologic assemblage of Kelasu Gas Field in Tarim Basin
图 3 克拉苏气田不同区块构造裂缝倾角及线密度（成像测井成果）
Fig. 3. The tectonic fracture dip angle and linear density of different blocks in Kelasu Gas Field (according to imaging logging)
图 4 克拉苏气田典型构造变形样式（据魏国齐等，2020修改）
Fig. 4. The typical tectonic deformation styles in Kelasu Gas Field (modified from Wei et al., 2020)
图 5 克拉苏气田露头区卡普沙良河剖面巴什基奇克组裂缝与地层关系、主节理系统（裂缝）模式
A为两期节理系发育带：A1为走向315°主节理系为主；A2为走向15°主节理系为主.B为单期节理系发育带：B1为走向350°主节理系为主，B2为走向295°主节理系为主.C为节理系不发育带
Fig. 5. The relationship between fractures and stratum of Bashijiqike Formation in Kapushaliang river section in Kelasu Gas Field, major joints (fractures) systematic pattern
图 6 克深气田区裂缝走向平面分布图及不同裂缝组百分比与分布宽度统计图
Fig. 6. The plane distribution of fractures strike and statistical chart of percentage and distribution dispersion of different fracture groups in Keshen Gas Field
图 7 克拉苏气田不同构造样式裂缝发育模式
a.挤压型高陡式断背斜；b.挤压型冲起构造背斜；c.挤压型宽缓式断背斜；d. 压扭型断背斜
Fig. 7. The developmental patterns of fractures under different tectonic styles in Kelasu Gas Field
图 8 克拉苏气田不同构造样式下裂缝排列方式及破裂机制（据Cosgrove and Ameen, 1999修改）
Fig. 8. The arrangement mode and rupture mechanism of fractures under different tectonic styles in Kelasu Gas Field (modified from Cosgrove and Ameen, 1999)
图 9 克深气田不同构造样式裂缝演化示意图
Fig. 9. The evolution diagram of different tectonic style fractures in Keshen Gas Field
图 10 克拉苏气田构造微裂缝与孔喉配置关系特征图及示意模式
Fig. 10. The characteristic and model signal of configuration relationship between tectonic micro fractures and pore throats in Kelasu Gas Field
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