Coupling Key Factors of Shale Gas Sweet Spot and Research Direction of Geology-Engineering Integration in Southern Sichuan
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摘要: 页岩气甜点地质工程一体化关键要素分析与评价是页岩气高效勘探开发的必要工作.从甜点优选、钻完井工程、压裂工艺等多方面对川南泸州地区开展研究，结合地质工程一体化研究思路，系统分析了工程要素与地质要素的耦合关系.结果表明：泸州地区地质条件复杂，水平最大主应力方向为NWW-SEE向，由西向东裂缝发育程度减少；天然裂缝方向与最大主应力方向和井轨迹有效匹配提高压裂改造体积，井轨迹方位与地应力夹角大于60°、与裂缝主方向夹角大于20°时，水平井压裂效果越好；通过加密分簇、提高排量、暂堵转向、提高加砂强度等技术优化，可保证深层页岩改造体积及缝网有效性.综上，利用工程与地质双因素耦合分析，开展深层井轨迹与甜点预测关系、深层裂缝体积改造与地应力关系、深层钻‒完井工程与岩石力学关系技术攻关，能够有效推动地质工程一体化的动态运行，提高单井最大可采量和区块最大动用量.Abstract: The geology-engineering integration of shale gas is necessary for analyzing and evaluating the key elements in efficient exploration and development of shale gas. This paper presents a study from the perspectives of sweet spot optimization, drilling, well completion engineering, and fracturing technology in Luzhou area, southern Sichuan. Combined with the geology-engineering integration, the coupling relationship is systematically analyzed between engineering and geological factors. The results show that the geological conditions of the Luzhou area are complex, and the direction of horizontal maximum principal stress is NWW-SEE. The development of fractures decreases from west to east. The effective matching well trajectory can improve the fracturing volume between the natural fracture direction and the maximum principal stress direction. When the angle between the good trajectory azimuth and the stress is greater than 60°, and the angle between the good trajectory azimuth and the main fracture direction is greater than 20°, the horizontal well fracturing effect is better. Through technical optimization such as encryption clustering, an increase of displacement, temporary plugging and steering, and an increase of sand strength, the volume of deep shale transformation and the effectiveness of the fracture network can be ensured. In summary, with the coupling analysis of engineering and geological factors, the technical research on the relationship between deep good trajectory and sweet spot prediction, the relationship between deep fracture volume transformation and in-situ stress, and the relationship between deep drilling and completion engineering and rock mechanics can effectively promote the dynamic operation of geological engineering integration, which can improve the maximum recoverable amount of single well and the maximum production of the block.
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图 1 四川盆地东南缘泸州地区构造纲要图
Fig. 1. Structural outline map of the Luzhou area on the southeastern margin of the Sichuan Basin
图 2 泸州地区典型构造样式特征
a.断背斜组合地震剖面；b.断背斜组合类型模式图；c.背冲断裂组合地震剖面；d.背冲断裂组合模式图；e.对冲断裂组合地震剖面；f.对冲断裂组合模式图
Fig. 2. Characteristics of typical structural styles in Luzhou area
图 3 泸州地区五峰‒龙马溪组不同向斜裂缝走向玫瑰花图
Fig. 3. The rose pattern of different syncline cracks of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Luzhou area
图 4 川南泸州构造区五峰‒龙马溪组不同类型裂缝密度统计图
Fig. 4. Statistical map of the density of different types of fractures of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the Luzhou structural area in southern Sichuan
图 5 川南泸州地区各个构造区五峰组‒龙马溪组孔隙度统计图
Fig. 5. Porosity statistical map of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in various structural areas in Luzhou area, southern Sichuan
图 6 泸州地区不同构造单元五峰‒龙马溪组页岩总含气量及损失气和解吸气含量箱状图
Fig. 6. Box plot of total gas content, lost gas, and desorbed gas content of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation shales in different tectonic units in the Luzhou area
图 7 泸州地区不同构造区五峰‒龙马溪组页岩总含气量影响因素分析
Fig. 7. Analysis on the influencing factors of gas content of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation shales in different structural areas in the Luzhou area
图 8 泸州地区不同构造单元页岩垂向脆性指数分布
Fig. 8. Distribution of yertical brittleness index of shales in different teetonic units in Luzhou area
图 10 泸州地区不同构造单元五峰‒龙马溪组页岩覆压孔隙度变化
Fig. 10. Variations of overlying pressure porosity of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation shales of different structural units in Luzhou area
图 11 岩石不同水平应力及垂向应力的裂缝发育模式
Fig. 11. Fracture development model of different horizontal and vertical stresses in rocks
图 12 不同最大主应力与自然裂缝夹角下岩石压裂效果模型
Fig. 12. Rock fracturing effect model under different maximum principal stress and natural fracture angle
图 13 每米测试产量与井轨迹及最大主应力夹角的关系
Fig. 13. The relationship between the test output per meter and the good trajectory and the maximum principal stress angle
图 14 泸州地区五峰‒龙马溪组页岩测试产量与靶体钻遇率相关统计图
Fig. 14. Statistical graphs related to testing production of shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Luzhou area and target drilling encounter rate and test production
图 15 泸州地区五峰‒龙马溪组页岩单轴及三轴实验应力变化
Fig. 15. Uniaxial and triaxial experimental stress variations of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation shale in Luzhou area
图 16 川南地区五峰‒龙马溪组水平井段长度和储层钻遇率统计
Fig. 16. Statistics of the length of the horizontal well section and the drilling encounter rate of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the southern Sichuan
图 17 川南地区不同井地层温度与垂深的关系
Fig. 17. The relationship between formation temperature and vertical depth in different wells in southern Sichuan
图 18 页岩气甜点地质工程一体化关键要素耦合关系图
Fig. 18. Coupling relationship diagram of key elements of shale gas sweet spot geology-engineering integration
表 1 泸州地区五峰-龙马溪组岩石应力实验结果
Table 1. Experimental results of rock stress of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation shales in Luzhou area
井位 深度（m） 实验条件 实验结果 温度
（℃）上覆岩层压力
（MPa）围压
（MPa）孔压
（MPa）抗压强度（MPa） 杨氏模量
（104MPa）泊松比 泸205 4 027.39
4 027.61129.0 102.7 82.2 68.5 402.93 2.473 0.230 359.66 2.468 0.254 泸207 3 454.76
4 548.81109.0 89.8 71.8 65.6 597.9 5.004 0.212 600.6 4.880 0.215 
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表 2 泸州地区不同构造单元地应力实验统计
Table 2. Experimental statistics of in-situ stress in different tectonic units in the Luzhou area
区块 井号 三向主应力（MPa） 水平应力差（MPa） 水平最大 水平最小 垂向 荔枝滩构造 201 101.1 87.2 94.4 14.0 海潮向斜 202 114.7 93.8 108.4 20.9 福集向斜 203H57-3 102.6 89.7 95.5 12.9 207 94.5 83.6 89.8 10.9 德胜向斜 101H4-4 112.6 98.7 103.6 13.9 宝藏向斜 101H53-3 111.8 95.5 106.5 16.3 101H56-1 115.8 100.0 106.7 15.8 101H65-5 106.4 94.2 102.1 12.2 来苏‒云锦向斜 101H91-4 113.5 98.9 108.9 14.6 210 113.8 98.4 109.1 15.4
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表 3 足201及足203井压裂开发参数及产量统计
Table 3. Fracturing development parameters and production statistics of Well Zu201 and Well Zu203
井号 分段段长（m） 簇间距
（m）施工排量（m3/min） 加砂强度
（t/m）用液强度
（m3/m）40/70目陶粒占比
（%）暂堵
转向全井SRV
（104m3）测试产量
（104m3/d）Z201-H1 62.4 20.8 10~12 1.4 32.6 10.6 无 2 800 10.56 Z203 55.2 18.4 16~17 1.8 41.9 70.8 有 6 189 21.3
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