Tectonic Transition of the Late-Mesozoic Yellow Sea and Adjacent Region and Its Tectonic Framework of the Proto-Basin
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摘要: 古太平洋板块的俯冲、回卷（rollback）及俯冲方向的转变对中国黄海及邻近地区盆地的发育有着重要的影响.综合利用野外剖面、钻井岩心和地震剖面等，对比分析不同盆地间沉积充填历史，识别出不同时期应力场方向的变化和主要构造变形样式，对主要断裂进行界定，为关键时间节点提供证据，并恢复了侏罗纪-白垩纪的构造演化过程.结果表明：（1）在古太平洋板块俯冲作用背景下，受郯庐断裂带F1和朝鲜半岛西部断裂带F2两个主控断裂带共同的控制作用，盆地经历了多期“伸展”和“挤压”的构造应力场的转变，性质各不相同；（2）构造演化可划分为6个阶段：莱阳期近南北向拉伸，发育被动裂谷；125±1 Ma阶段，热隆挤压造成轻微构造反转，形成隆起区的角度不整合；青山期近东西向滑脱伸展形成主动裂谷性质的火山弧盆；87.5±2.5 Ma挤压阶段，经历了大规模左旋走滑，形成区域角度不整合；王氏期热沉降，形成带走滑拉分性质的大面积坳陷；50±5 Ma挤压阶段，主要在F1、F2断裂经历右旋走滑；（3）估算了挤压阶段的走滑量，对伸展阶段的伸展率、沉降率进行了计算.首次恢复了中国黄海及邻近地区晚中生代挤压构造幕演化之前的构造格局和盆地原型，并解释了古太平洋板块俯冲作用对黄海及邻区构造格局演变的影响.Abstract: The subduction, rollbacking and the direction of the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate had a significant influence on the development of the basins in the Yellow Sea and its adjacent areas. According to the drilling core data of the field profile and marine seismic profile, the sedimentation between different basins is compared and analyzed, and the changes of the stress field direction and main tectonic deformation framework in different periods are identified. Meanwhile, the main faults are defined, critical time nodes have provided evidence, and the research area's tectonic transition from the Jurassic to the Cretaceous is restored. The results indicate that: (1) Under the background of the subduction of the paleo-pacific plate, the basin has undergone multiple stages of 'extension' and 'compression' structural stress fields and under the joint control of the two main fault zones of the Tanlu fault zone F1 and the western Korean Peninsula fault zone F2. (2) During Laiyang period, passive rift was developed due to the stretching from south to north; At 125±1 Ma stage, thermal uplift extrusion caused slight tectonic inversion and formed angular unconformity in the uplift area; The volcanic arc basin with active rift was formed during the Qingshan period; At the extrusion stage of 87.5±2.5 Ma, large-scale sinistral strike-slip occurred and regional angular unconformity was formed; The thermal subsidence in Wang stage formed a large area depression with the nature of take-away slip and pull-apart; At the extrusion stage of 50±5 Ma, dextral strike-slip occurred mainly at F1 and F2 faults. (3) In this paper, the strike-slip amount in the extrusion stage is estimated, and the elongation and settlement rate in the extension stage are calculated. It is the first time to reconstruct the tectonic framework and basin prototype before the evolution of the Late Mesozoic compressive tectonic episode in the Yellow Sea and adjacent areas of China, and to explain the influence of the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate on the evolution of the tectonic framework in the Yellow Sea and adjacent areas.
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图 1 黄海及邻近地区构造关系简图
野外剖面位置：A.桃林；B.灵山岛；C.崂山；D.周戈庄；E.丁字湾
Fig. 1. Tectonic relation diagram of Yellow Sea and adjacent area
图 3 航磁ΔT化极异常分区（据杨金玉，2010修改）
Fig. 3. Anomaly zoning of aeromagnetic ΔT pole (modifed from Yang, 2010)
图 4 布格重力异常分区（据杨金玉，2010修改）
Fig. 4. Aeromagnetic anomaly zone (modifed from Yang, 2010)
图 5 中国黄海及邻近地区构造层划分及应力场方向（据张岳桥等，2004修改）
Fig. 5. Stress direction and structural layer division in the Yellow Sea and adjacent areas of China (modifed from Zhang et al., 2004)
图 6 过灵科1井-背来石构造剖面及灵山岛野外照片
a. 灵山岛地区过灵科1井青山期-莱阳期近南北向地层剖面图；b. 灵山岛地质简图（修改自周瑶琪等，2017）；c. 为灵山岛地区野外照片；c-1. 为125±1 Ma时期形成的节理照片，地质锤把手所指方向为N，最大主应力方向为近东西近E-W，与125±1 Ma时期应力方向为近东西向相吻合；c-2. 为87.5±2.5 Ma时期形成的北西向逆冲断裂（f1），此断层是87.5±2.5 Ma时期形成北东向走滑断层F7的派生断层；c-3. 青山群和莱阳群的界限，不整合界面上下的地层角度相差大约10°.青山期岩性为火成岩；莱阳群为砂岩，其中扇三角洲沉积相中的褶皱反映出125±1 Ma时期近E-W向挤压应力场；d. 灵科1井的岩心，分别过灵科1井的3条断裂破碎带f3（上下厚度约5 m）、f4（上下厚度约10 m）、f5（上下厚度约5 m）
Fig. 6. The geological section from Well Lingke 1 to Beilaishi and Field photos of Lingshan Island
图 7 崂山地区垭口-八仙墩-部分海域地层剖面图（露头剖面部分据Wang et al., 2016修改)
Fig. 7. Stratigraphic section of Laoshan Mountain to Yakou-Baxiandun area-apart of sea (Outcrop profile section is modifed from Wang et al., 2016)
图 8 灵科1井莱阳群/青山群地层序列图(据周腾飞等，2022)
Fig. 8. Stratigraphic sequence diagram of Lingke 1 Well Laiyang Group/Qingshan Group(revised by Zhou et al., 2022)
图 9 西太平洋区域位置图以及白垩纪古太平洋板块(由现今太平洋板块上热点海隆年龄标定)自NWW至NNW向位移-时间图（据Andrew A. Stepashko, 2017, 私人通讯）
Fig. 9. Location map of the Western Pacific Region and Cretaceous Pacific plate displacement from NWW to NNW (Dated from the current hotspot on the Pacific plate)-time map (revised by Andrew A. Stepashko, 2017, Private communications)
图 11 黄海及邻近地区不同时期构造格局
a. 黄海及邻近地区（剥新生界/第四系）构造格局；b. 黄海及邻近地区（王氏期）构造格局；c. 黄海及邻近地区（青山期）构造格局；d. 黄海及邻近地区（莱阳期）构造格局；F1~F36断层之间剥新生界，其他范围剥第四系
Fig. 11. Tectonic outline of the Yellow Sea and adjacent area (different period)
表 1 黄海及邻区主要走滑断裂走滑量及走滑速率
Table 1. Strike-slip quantities and rates of the main strike-slip faults in the Yellow Sea and adjacent areas
走滑时间 断裂带 走滑量（km） 走滑速度（km/Ma） 走滑时间 断裂带 走滑量
(km)走滑速度（km/Ma） 87.5±2.5 Ma
左旋F1 550 110 50±5 Ma
右旋F1 300 30 F2 560 112 F2 350 35 F3 40 8 F3 0(?) 0(?) F4 50 10 F4 0(?) 0(?) F5 34 6.8 F5 0(?) 0(?) F6 40 8 F6 0(?) 0(?) F7 30 6 F7 0(?) 0(?) F8 230 46 F8 0(?) 0(?) F9 100 20 F9 0(?) 0(?) F10 50 10 F10 0(?) 0(?) F11 100 20 F11 0(?) 0(?) F12 60 12 F12 0(?) 0(?) 
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表 2 黄海及邻区不同盆地伸展率及沉降速率
Table 2. Extensional rates and settlement rates of different basins in the Yellow Sea and adjacent areas
盆地名称 伸展率（%） 沉降速率（m/Ma） 莱阳期 青山期 王氏期 莱阳期 青山期 王氏期 SN EW SN 日青威盆地 20 3 8 200 38 78 胶莱盆地 15 2 6 150 27 61 南黄海南部盆地 10 1 4 98 12 41 北黄海盆地 10 2 0 87 21 0
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