Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Silurian to Devonian Intermediate Rocks from East Part of East Kunlun Orogenic Belt
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摘要: 细致地调查与研究同折返或后碰撞岩浆岩能为理解大陆深俯冲-折返中的壳-幔相互作用及恢复碰撞造山带构造演化历史提供非常关键的线索.以东昆仑东段巴隆-金水口地区晚志留世-泥盆纪同折返期中性岩类为研究对象，开展锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石学、地球化学和同位素地质学等综合研究，以期为深入认识东昆仑造山带同折返期岩浆形成机制及其始特提斯洋构造演化提供新的证据.结果显示，巴隆和金水口地区中性岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为420 Ma和405 Ma，与东昆仑地区榴辉岩的折返时限重叠.其中，巴隆闪长玢岩具有相对低的MgO、Mg#以及相对高的K2O，而金水口闪长岩则具有相对高的MgO、Mg#以及相对高的Na2O.巴隆闪长玢岩的Nb/La比值随着Mg#降低而降低，符合同化混染与分离结晶作用（assimilation and fractional crystallization，AFC）的成分演化趋势，并且样品在La/Sm-La图解中投影均落在分离结晶演化曲线上.但是金水口闪长岩的Nb/La比值与Mg#之间不存在线性正相关关系，样品在La/Sm-La图解中投影均落在部分熔融曲线上.此外，与金水口闪长岩相比，巴隆闪长玢岩具有相对高的Isr值和相对低的εNd（t）值，并且显示更高的初始岩浆熔体温度.综合本文岩石学和地球化学等研究成果，可以确定巴隆和金水口地区两套中性岩的形成分别与玄武质岩浆的分离结晶与地壳混染、下地壳玄武质岩石的部分熔融有关.结合区域上已报道的最新研究资料，可以判断，这些中性岩类应形成于碰撞后伸展的环境中，板片断离很可能是触发东昆仑晚志留世-泥盆纪大规模同折返期岩浆活动关键因素.东昆仑地区至少从440 Ma开始进入大陆碰撞及陆壳深俯冲阶段.Abstract: Investigations and studies on syn- exhumation or post-collisional magmatic rocks can provide key clues to understanding the crust-mantle interactions during the continental subduction and exhumation, and the tectonic evolution of collisional orogenic belts. In this paper it presents a comprehensive research of zircon U-Pb geochronology, petrology, geochemistry and isotopic geology for the syn-exhumation intermediate rocks in the east part of the East Kunlun orogenic belt. And the data could offer new insights into the generation of the syn-exhumation magmatism and the proto-Tethyan tectonic evolution. The results reveal that the Balong and Jinshuikou intermediate rocks yield zircon U-Pb ages of 420 Ma and 405 Ma, respectively, which overlap the exhumation timing of eclogites. The Balong diorite-porphyrite samples have relatively low MgO and Mg# with high K2O, while the Jinshuikou diorite samples have relatively high MgO and Mg# with high Na2O. The Balong diorite-porphyrite samples exhibit decreasing ratios of Nb/La with decreasing Mg#, similar to the features of assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC). And all of them are plotted on the curve of fractional crystallization. However, the Jinshuikou diorite samples do not show positive correlation between Nb/La and Mg#, and those samples are plotted on the curve of partial melting. In addition, the Balong diorite-porphyrite samples have relatively higher Isr ratios and lower εNd(t) values than those of the Jinshuikou diorite samples. Based on the new petrological, geochemical and isotopic compositions, it concludes that the Balong diorite-porphyrite and the Jinshuikou diorite were respectively derived from basaltic magma differentiation and contamination, and partial melting of the lower crustal basaltic rocks. Combining with new regional studies, it proposes that those intermediate rocks might be formed in a post-collisional extension environment, and slab break-off is the critical factor for triggering the Silurian to Devonian syn-exhumation magmatism. The continental collision and the continental subduction in the East Kunlun region should have initiated at ~440 Ma.
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图 1 东昆仑造山带东段大地构造位图(a)与地质简图(b)以及金水口(c)和巴隆(d)地区地质图
Fig. 1. The simplified geological map (a) and the tectonic location (b) of the East Kunlun orogen, and the geological maps of the Jinshuikou (c) and Balong (d) areas
图 2 巴隆闪长玢岩(a、c)和金水口闪长岩(b、d)的野外露头特征及正交偏光显微镜下照片
a.巴隆闪长玢岩岩墙侵入志留纪花岗岩中；b.金水口闪长岩局部出现不规则状花岗岩捕掳体；Bt.黑云母；Hb.角闪石；Pl.斜长石；Opa.不透明金属矿物；Qz.石英
Fig. 2. Field photographs (a, b) and photomicrographs with perpendicular polarized light (b, d) for the Balong diorite-porphyrite and the Jinshuikou diorite
图 3 巴隆闪长玢岩样品锆石U-Pb协和图及代表性锆石阴极发光图像
Fig. 3. Zircon U-Pb concordia plots with CL images of representative zircons for the Balong diorite-porphyrite
图 4 巴隆和金水口地区中性岩样品的Zr/TiO2-Nb/Y图解(a)和SiO2-K2O图解(b)
a据Winchester and Floyd（1977）；b据Peccerillo and Taylor（1976）；图中及文章其他地方出现的寒武纪-泥盆纪中性岩数据赵振明等（2008）；崔美慧等（2011）；奥琮等（2014）；罗明非（2015）；祁生胜（2015）；鲁海峰等（2019）
Fig. 4. Zr/TiO2-Nb/Y (a) and SiO2-K2O (b) diagrams for the Balong and Jinshuikou intermediate rocks
图 5 巴隆和金水口地区中性岩样品的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布图和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图
球粒陨石和原始地幔标准化值分别据Taylor and McLennan（1985）和Sun and McDonough（1989）
Fig. 5. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagram (b) for the Balong and Jinshuikou intermediate rocks
图 6 巴隆和金水口地区中性岩样品的εNd(t)-Isr图解
前寒武纪基底成分数据巴金等（2012）和余能等（2005）；晚志留世镁铁质岩类数据张照伟等（2018）；源自富集地幔的镁铁质岩类数据引自Tang et al.（2020）、刘彬等（2013b）和张照伟等（2018）表 3巴隆和金水口地区中性岩样品Sr-Nd同位素组成
Fig. 6. Plot of εNd(t)-Isr for the Balong and Jinshuikou intermediate rocks
图 7 巴隆和金水口地区中性岩样品的Nb/La-Mg#(a)和La/Sm-La(b)图解
寒武纪-泥盆纪中性岩数据来源同图 4
Fig. 7. Plots of Nb/La-Mg# (a) La/Sm-La (b) for the Balong and Jinshuikou intermediate rocks
图 8 巴隆和金水口地区中性岩样品的FeOt、TiO2、P2O5、CaO、CaO/Al2O3、K2O/Na2O和Mg#图解
寒武纪-泥盆纪中性岩数据来源同图 4
Fig. 8. Plots of FeOt, TiO2, P2O5, CaO, CaO/Al2O3, K2O/Na2O versus Mg# for the Balong and Jinshuikou intermediate rocks
图 9 巴隆和金水口地区中性岩样品的CaO/(MgO+FeOt)-K2O/Na2O和Mg#-锆石饱和温度图解
寒武纪-泥盆纪中性岩数据来源同图 4
Fig. 9. CaO/(MgO+FeOt)-K2O/Na2O and zirconium saturation temperatures vs. Mg# for the Balong and Jinshuikou intermediate rocks
图 10 东昆仑造山带早古生代主要岩浆活动与变质事件
图中引用的年龄数据来源为：1. 张亚峰等（2010）；2. 崔美慧等（2011）；3 祁生胜（2015）；4. 罗明非（2015）；5. 鲁海峰等（2019）；6. 赵振明等（2008）；7. 奥琮等（2014）；8. 高晓峰等（2010）；9. Xiong et al.（2013）；10. Zhou et al.（2016）；11. 王涛等（2016）；12. Zhang et al.（2014）；13. Xin et al.（2018）；14. 刘彬等（2013a）；15. 刘彬等（2012）；16. Yang et al.（1996）；17. 刘彬等（2013b）；18. 张照伟等（2018）；19. Tang et al.（2020）；20. 李怀坤等（2006）；21. 陈能松等（2002）；22. Meng et al.（2013）；23. Song et al.（2018）；24. 国显正等（2018）；25. 张照伟等（2017）
Fig. 10. A timeline of Early Paleozoic magmatism and metamorphism of the East Kunlun orogenic belt
表 1 巴隆闪长玢岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果
Table 1. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results of the Balong diorite-porphyrite
测试点 元素含量(10-6) Th/U 同位素比值 同位素年龄(Ma) 232Th 238U 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ HT01-01 505 598 0.85 0.059 08 0.002 97 0.557 86 0.027 98 0.067 57 0.001 11 570 80 450 18 422 7 HT01-02 2 586 1 760 1.47 0.059 21 0.002 17 0.560 03 0.020 79 0.067 67 0.000 97 575 56 452 14 422 6 HT01-03 979 840 1.17 0.056 52 0.002 85 0.532 69 0.026 26 0.067 64 0.000 96 473 84 434 17 422 6 HT01-04 195.8 569 0.34 0.149 64 0.004 30 8.022 47 0.221 72 0.382 73 0.004 87 2 342 30 2 234 25 2 089 23 HT01-05 1 212 1 258 0.96 0.068 70 0.003 31 0.663 25 0.034 91 0.068 02 0.001 07 890 83 517 21 424 6 HT01-06 907 744 1.22 0.062 80 0.008 01 0.582 57 0.072 99 0.067 28 0.001 61 701 285 466 47 420 10 HT01-07 206.5 435 0.47 0.127 92 0.004 35 4.273 76 0.144 15 0.239 15 0.003 81 2070 37 1 688 28 1 382 20 HT01-08 3 769 2 100 1.79 0.061 58 0.004 89 0.561 16 0.033 48 0.067 32 0.001 19 660 98 452 22 420 7 HT01-09 1 689 1 452 1.16 0.065 11 0.002 30 0.619 61 0.023 13 0.067 97 0.000 92 778 55 490 15 424 6 HT01-10 578 751 0.77 0.054 42 0.004 97 0.499 95 0.044 88 0.066 63 0.001 08 389 209 412 30 416 7 HT01-11 1 139 969 1.18 0.065 04 0.003 65 0.602 86 0.031 82 0.067 23 0.000 93 776 88 479 20 419 6 HT01-12 2 709 1 642 1.65 0.057 34 0.002 21 0.541 42 0.022 18 0.067 73 0.000 92 505 66 439 15 422 6 HT01-13 77.8 142.1 0.55 0.074 76 0.008 16 0.915 23 0.096 19 0.088 79 0.002 60 1 062 229 660 51 548 15 HT01-14 2 029 1 606 1.26 0.058 65 0.002 18 0.544 45 0.019 08 0.067 45 0.000 78 554 56 441 13 421 5 HT01-15 734 679 1.08 0.055 72 0.005 62 0.514 90 0.050 84 0.067 02 0.001 37 441 230 422 34 418 8 HT01-16 1 324 996 1.33 0.055 43 0.004 79 0.509 53 0.043 61 0.066 67 0.000 83 430 198 418 29 416 5 HT01-17 3 618 2 537 1.43 0.057 20 0.005 65 0.526 64 0.051 21 0.066 77 0.001 13 499 224 430 34 417 7 HT01-18 362 344 1.05 0.061 18 0.004 08 0.564 53 0.035 71 0.067 40 0.001 21 646 105 454 23 420 7 HT01-19 259 907 0.29 0.063 33 0.002 06 0.983 02 0.034 72 0.112 02 0.001 73 719 49 695 18 684 10 
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表 2 巴隆和金水口地区中性岩样品的主量元素、稀土和微量元素组成
Table 2. Major (%), rare earth and trace element (10-6) compositions of the Balong and Jinshuikou intermediate rocks
岩体 巴隆闪长玢岩 金水口闪长岩 样品号 HT06-1 HT01-1 HT01-2 HT02-1 HT03-1 HT05-6 YJ06-1 YJ06-2 YJ07-1 SiO2 60.07 61.67 56.27 56.32 61.58 61.70 58.68 57.89 55.43 TiO2 0.80 1.19 0.80 0.80 1.25 1.23 0.82 0.93 1.11 Al2O3 18.03 15.05 17.70 17.64 15.00 14.95 17.27 17.55 17.94 Fe2O3 2.22 1.65 1.58 1.57 1.63 1.88 0.84 0.96 1.51 FeO 3.07 5.37 7.42 7.62 5.50 5.00 5.37 4.50 5.95 FeOt 5.07 6.85 8.84 9.03 6.97 6.69 6.13 5.36 7.31 MnO 0.11 0.10 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.15 0.11 0.12 MgO 0.48 1.61 2.89 2.90 1.64 1.67 2.97 3.17 3.98 CaO 2.46 3.38 4.49 4.79 3.40 3.87 5.90 6.31 7.55 Na2O 4.15 2.93 3.01 2.93 2.98 3.40 3.43 3.74 3.46 K2O 7.31 4.52 3.06 3.03 4.46 3.70 2.03 2.41 1.25 P2O5 0.23 0.47 0.30 0.30 0.48 0.46 0.21 0.22 0.24 LOI 0.75 1.80 2.06 1.87 1.70 1.78 2.11 1.99 1.23 Mg# 14 30 37 36 30 31 46 51 49 Sc 14.7 13.8 12.7 13.2 13.7 13.6 13.6 14.6 17.7 V 6 61 81 84 61 62 139 129 182 Cr 3.8 9.4 5.3 5.6 13.4 11.6 8.9 15.2 31.9 Co 33.1 28.2 35.8 31.7 31.2 45.0 15.9 12.3 20.9 Ni 2.0 4.8 6.2 7.8 5.6 5.1 7.2 6.7 12.6 Cu 10.7 21.5 7.5 2.6 6.8 14.2 7.5 40.1 18.4 Zn 56.2 109.5 131.7 128.9 94.3 103.6 114.9 38.6 100.6 Ga 19.8 22.1 24.7 25.2 22.2 21.7 22.7 21.3 21.7 Rb 88.3 245.9 307.7 298.0 235.0 197.7 66.5 94.0 21.9 Sr 199 253 245 219 286 369 599 516 648 Y 24.6 50.3 24.0 25.2 50.1 49.2 18.5 20.6 18.2 Zr 967 524 167 167 534 509 155 155 144 Nb 11.1 27.5 9.0 9.1 28.1 27.3 8.4 9.2 8.0 Cs 0.7 7.7 21.0 17.3 5.1 4.2 2.7 5.4 0.9 Ba 1 884 1 035 409 313 1 301 1 142 662 613 441 La 46.2 73.7 31.2 32.7 74.5 72.5 22.5 46.6 19.7 Ce 96.3 147.1 64.4 67.3 149.9 146.8 52.3 74.2 47.0 Pr 12.0 16.7 7.6 7.9 16.9 16.6 6.2 7.9 5.9 Nd 49.4 61.3 28.9 30.8 62.0 61.1 25.5 29.5 24.8 Sm 8.12 11.13 5.34 5.72 11.50 11.63 5.03 5.52 5.30 Eu 4.38 2.33 1.49 1.47 2.38 2.47 1.33 1.34 1.44 Gd 6.45 9.68 4.55 4.92 9.48 9.50 4.62 4.94 4.51 Tb 0.86 1.48 0.70 0.75 1.47 1.51 0.66 0.74 0.67 Dy 4.70 8.68 4.14 4.37 8.65 8.63 3.64 4.19 3.64 Ho 0.90 1.64 0.75 0.81 1.64 1.68 0.65 0.72 0.64 Er 2.50 4.68 2.22 2.35 4.52 4.57 1.75 1.97 1.72 Tm 0.40 0.68 0.34 0.33 0.69 0.67 0.26 0.29 0.25 Yb 2.57 4.22 2.21 2.23 4.07 4.27 1.52 1.60 1.43 Lu 0.43 0.64 0.32 0.34 0.64 0.62 0.21 0.24 0.22 Hf 14.64 11.18 4.19 4.24 11.01 11.44 3.93 3.97 3.67 Ta 0.62 1.69 0.59 0.60 1.62 1.68 0.54 0.65 0.43 Pb 14.0 29.2 40.0 42.8 23.6 34.3 55.4 79.2 37.6 Th 4.61 22.11 8.34 8.44 21.37 22.98 4.27 4.81 2.48 U 0.88 3.64 1.62 1.63 3.56 3.95 0.98 1.20 0.49 注：FeOt = 0.899 81×Fe2O3+FeO；Mg# = 100×Mg2+/(Mg2++Fet2+).
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表 3 巴隆和金水口地区中性岩样品Sr-Nd同位素组成
Table 3. Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the Balong and Jinshuikou intermediate rocks
样品号 87Rb/86Sr 87Sr/86Sr 147Sm/144Nd 143Nd/144Nd t(Ma) Isr εNd(t) T2DM(Nd) HT03-1 2.377 784 0.724 915 0.112 188 8 0.512 091 400 0.711 -6.4 1.7 HT05-6 1.552 428 0.721 154 0.115 065 9 0.512 103 400 0.712 -6.3 1.7 YJ06-1 0.321 268 0.709 653 0.119 427 3 0.512 265 400 0.708 -3.3 1.4 YJ06-2 0.527 240 0.712 125 0.113 128 3 0.512 222 400 0.709 -3.8 1.5 YJ07-1 0.0978 49 0.708 637 0.129 189 0 0.512 259 400 0.708 -3.9 1.5
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表 4 东昆仑造山带早古生代主要中性岩类的锆饱和温度计和锆石Ti温度计的计算结果
Table 4. Zirconium saturation temperatures (Tzr) and Ti-in-zircon temperatures (TTi-in-Zircon) for the typical Early Paleozoic intermediate rocks from the East Kunlun orogenic belt
时代 岩性 Zr(岩石) Ti(锆石) Tzr (℃) TTi-in-zircon(℃) 计算数据来源 寒武纪(~512 Ma) 石英闪长岩 51~166 / 618~754 / 据张亚峰等（2010） 奥陶纪(445~480 Ma) 闪长岩、安山岩 22~254 / 589~777 / 据崔美慧等（2011）；罗明非（2015） 早志留世(441 Ma) 闪长玢岩 160~174 / 743~757 / 据鲁海峰等（2019） 晚志留世(~420 Ma) 闪长玢岩 167~967 23.1~68.8 764~922 849~963 本文研究 泥盆纪(~405 Ma) 闪长岩 144~155 4.8~7.2 722~747 711~749 本文研究 其他泥盆纪(413~382 Ma) 石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、闪长玢岩 85~481 / 713~817 / 据赵振明等（2008）；奥琮等（2014）；祁生胜等（2015） 注：Zr单位10-6.
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