New Understanding of Basement Structural Characteristics and Its Evolution Process in Ordos Basin
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摘要: 为了解鄂尔多斯盆地基底结构特征，利用1∶20万航磁数据和地震资料，结合盆内基底岩样和周缘前寒武变质岩系的岩石组合、岩石磁性、年代学和地球化学等最新研究进展，分别对基底一级断裂和基底结构特征进行了详细研究.在明确盆内基底各区时代属性基础上，尝试恢复了基底古元古代的构造演化过程.盆地基底结构整体上受4条一级断裂控制，将其分为5个二级构造单元.各构造单元岩性为周缘太古‒古元古界向盆内的延伸，高航磁异常带主要由太古宙块体反映，负航磁异常带主要由古元古代沉积变质岩反映，显示北东横向分块的特征.古元古代构造演化过程包括 > 2.2 Ga北部洋壳俯冲早期阶段、~2.2~1.95 Ga俯冲‒弧后NE向伸展‒表壳岩类沉积阶段、~1.95~1.85 Ga阴山地块与鄂尔多斯地块碰撞‒弧后NE向伸展区闭合‒形成西部陆块阶段、~1.85~1.80 Ga东部陆块与西部陆块东部碰撞‒NE向构造被改造‒形成近南北向中部造山带阶段.Abstract: In order to understand the characteristics of basement structure in Ordos Basin, using 1∶200 000 magnetic data and seismic data, combined with the latest research progress of rock assemblage, rock magnetism, chronology and rock geochemistry of basement rock samples and Precambrian metamorphic rock series around the basin, the characteristics of basement primary faults and basement structure are studied in detail. On the basis of defining the age attributes of each basement area in the basin, the Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution process of the basement is restored. The basement structure of the basin is controlled by four primary faults, which are divided into five secondary structural units. The lithology of each structural unit is the extension of the peripheral Archean-Paleoproterozoic to the basin. The high magnetic anomaly zones are mostly reflected by the Archean blocks, and the negative aeromagnetic anomaly zones are mostly reflected by the Paleoproterozoic sedimentary metamorphic rocks, showing the characteristics of NE horizontal blocking. The Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution process includes the early stage of northern ocean crust subduction (> 2.2 Ga); subduction-back arc and NE extension-supracrustal rock deposition stage (~2.2-1.95 Ga); Yinshan Block and Ordos Block collision-NE closing of arc basin-forming western block stage (~1.95-1.85 Ga); eastern block collided with the eastern part of the western block-NE trending tectonic reformation-formation the Trans North China Orogen (~1.85-1.80 Ga).
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Key words:
- evolution process /
- basement structure /
- basement fault /
- magnetic and seismic data /
- Ordos Basin /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 华北克拉通西部陆块构造划分和前寒武系露头
底图是1∶100万航磁化极延拓10 km异常图，数据引自地质云中国地质调查局航空物探遥感中心航磁△T等值线平面图；地层划分主要参考耿元生和陆松年（2014），杨崇辉等（2018）；前寒武系构造边界引自Zhao et al.（2005）
Fig. 1. Tectonic division of the western block of the North China Craton and Precambrian outcrops
图 2 (a) 鄂尔多斯盆地化极磁力异常图和(b)航磁向上延拓10 km异常图
Fig. 2. Magnetic anomalies reduced to the pole in the Ordos Basin (a); magnetic anomaly map extending upward for 10 km (b)
图 3 航磁延拓10 km NVDR-THDR推断基底一级断裂分布图
Fig. 3. Distribution map of basement primary faults inferred from NVDR-THDR of 10 km magnetic extension
图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地基底一级断裂地震剖面特征图(剖面位置见图 3)
Fig. 4. Seismic profile characteristics of basement primary faults in Ordos Basin
图 5 人工地震刻画基底断裂与航磁异常的响应图
Fig. 5. Response map of basement faults identified by artificial earthquakes and magnetic anomalies
图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地航磁向上延拓20km（a）、30km（b）和40km（c）异常图
Fig. 6. Magnetic extension anomaly maps of 20 km (a), 30 km (b) and 40 km (c) in Ordos Basin respectively
图 7 鄂尔多斯盆地G1208地震剖面2.5D磁力异常反演结果
Fig. 7. 2.5D magnetic anomaly inversion result of G1208 seismic profile in Ordos Basin
图 8 鄂尔多斯盆地基底结构与时代属性分区图
Fig. 8. Basement structure and age attribute division of Ordos Basin
图 9 华北克拉通西部各区域2.2~2.0 Ga花岗岩类性质对比
贺兰山数据引自Li et al.（2018，2022）、甘保平等（2019）；鄂尔多斯盆地北部和中南部数据张成立等（2021）；吕梁地区数据于津海等（1997）、刘树文等（2009）和杜利林等（2012）；五台‒阜平数据引自Liu et al.（2005）、Du et al.（2013）、杜利林等（2018）、Wang et al.（2020）；赞皇数据引自Du et al.（2016a）、杨崇辉等（2011）
Fig. 9. Comparison of 2.2-2.0 Ga granitoids in western North China Craton
图 10 华北西部各区域2.2~2.0 Ga多种表壳岩碎屑锆石统计对比图
鄂尔多斯盆地基底数据引自Wan et al.（2013）、Wang et al.（2014，2019）；孔兹岩带数据引自Li et al.（2018）；界河口群数据刘超辉等（2013）；岚河群数据胡育华等（2017）；滹沱群数据引自Du et al.（2017）；甘陶河群数据引自Du et al.（2016b）
Fig. 10. Statistical comparison of 2.2-2.0 Ga detrital zircons of various supracrustal rocks in different regions of the western North China Craton
图 11 鄂尔多斯地块基底古元古代中晚期构造演化模式
Fig. 11. Tectonic evolution models of the basement of Ordos block in the Middle and Late Paleoproterozoic
表 1 鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘前寒武变质岩系磁性参数
Table 1. Statistics of magnetic parameters of strata in Ordos Basin and Precambrian metamorphic rock series in its periphery
分类 时代 岩性 磁化率（10‒5SI） 变化范围 平均值 盆地内地层① Q-Pt2 风成砂土、砂岩、泥岩、灰岩、白云岩 4~79.6 16.7 Pt1 大理岩、混合岩、花岗片麻岩 5~245 87 Ar4 斜长片麻岩 12~6 660 1 860 变粒岩 1 300~10 600 5 180 盆地周缘前寒武系露头 上乌拉山群（Pt1）② 混合岩、片麻状钾长花岗岩 100~7 200 700 下乌拉山群（Ar4）②⑥ 片麻岩类、辉石角闪斜长片麻岩 0~14 200 5 225 千里山群（Pt1）② 片麻岩、浅粒岩、变粒岩、混合岩 7~525 214 磁铁石英岩 8 080 8 080 贺兰山群（Pt1）② 黑云斜长片麻岩、混合岩 48~3 780 865 黑云角闪斜长片麻岩 3 263~9 700 6 374 上集宁群（Pt1）⑤ 片麻岩 251~439 300 下集宁群（Ar4）⑦ 斜长片麻岩 2 478~13 816 7 122 色尔藤山群（Ar4）④ 斜长角闪岩、片麻岩、片岩、变粒岩 ‒ 776 滹沱群（Pt1）② 千枚岩、变砂岩、绢云母片岩 17~1 600 291 阜平群（Ar4）② 片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩、角闪斜长片麻岩 0~3 560 299 赞皇群（Ar4）② 角闪斜长片麻岩、云母角闪片岩、含磁铁混合岩 0~15 000 1 722 五台群（Ar4）③ 台怀亚群 ‒ 36 石咀亚群 ‒ 34 恒山群（Ar4）③ 片麻岩 942~1 444 1 205 涑水群（Ar4）⑧ 片麻岩 ‒ 1 256 注：数据来源：①②⑥⑦来自熊盛青等，2016；③⑤来自白瑾，1986；④来自张振宇等，2019；⑧来自李晗婧，2016. 
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