Geochemical and Geophysical Exploration in Sinongduo Ag Polymetallic Deposit, Xizang
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摘要: 近年来在西藏冈底斯‒念青唐古拉成矿带林子宗群火山岩分布区发现一系列中‒大型铅锌银矿床，该区显示出巨大的找矿潜力.由于林子宗群火山岩分布范围广，如何有效地圈定成矿远景区，缩小找矿靶区是取得找矿突破的关键.选取产于谢通门县娘热地区典中组火山岩中的斯弄多银多金属矿床为研究对象，开展了大量勘查地球化学测量和激电中梯测量.结果显示典中组火山岩中铅锌银成矿作用具有Au、Mo、Pb、Zn、Ag异常，金银成矿作用具有强Au、Ag、Mo、As、Sb异常，主成矿元素变异系数大于3.以极化率大于2.5%和电阻率小于800 Ω·m圈定隐伏铅锌银矿体的找矿靶区，取得了很好的找矿效果.上述结果表明激电中梯方法在林子宗群火山岩中寻找浅成低温热液型铅锌银矿体效果良好，能够为西藏冈底斯‒念青唐古拉成矿带林子宗群火山岩中的找矿工作提供十分重要的指导.Abstract: In recent years, many medium-large Pb-Zn-Ag deposits have been found in the Linzizong volcanic rocks in the Gangdese Nyainqêntanglha metallogenic belt, showing great potential for exploration. However, the key to exploration is how to conduct exploration targeting in the widespread Linzizong volcanic rocks. In this contribution, we conduct work of geochemical survey and induced polarization intermediate gradient in the Sinongduo Ag polymetallic deposit in the Dianzhong volcanic rocks. The results show that the Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization in the Linzizong volcanic rocks has Au, Mo, Pb, Zn and Ag anomalies, and the Au-Ag mineralization has strong Au, Ag, Mo, As and Sb anomalies, and the variation coefficient of the main mineralizing elements is more than 3. The target of the potential epithermal Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization is given based on the > 2.5% polarizability and the < 800 Ω·m resistivity, which has achieved good exploration results. Our findings demonstrate that the induced polarization (IP) intermediate gradient is effective in exploration for epithermal Pb-Zn-Ag deposits in the Linzizong volcanic rocks, and thus can provide an important guide for the exploration in the Linzizong volcanic rocks in the Gangdese Nyainqêntanglha metallogenic belt.
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图 1 冈底斯‒念青唐古拉成矿带北亚带主要矿床分布（据杨宗耀等，2020a）
Fig. 1. Geological map of the northern Gangdese-Nyainqêntanglha metallogenic sub-belt showing the location of main deposits (Yang et al., 2020a)
图 2 斯弄多矿集区地质概况（Yang et al., 2022）
Fig. 2. Geological map of the Sinongduo ore district (Yang et al., 2022)
图 3 斯弄多矿区化探和物探工作范围
Fig. 3. Map showing the locations of geophysical and geochemical exploration in the Sinongduo area
图 4 斯弄多矿区岩石地球化学测量微量元素浓度
Fig. 4. Concentration plot for trace elements in rock samples from the Sinongduo area
图 5 斯弄多矿区岩石地球化学测量单元素异常
Fig. 5. Anomaly maps of trace element based on rock geochemical survey in the Sinongduo area
图 6 校正后Zn元素异常
Fig. 6. Anomaly map of Zn on rock geochemical survey in the Sinongduo area
图 7 斯弄多矿区岩石地球化学测量R型聚类树状图
Fig. 7. R-type clustering dendrogram of elements of rock samples from the Sinongduo area
图 8 斯弄多矿区岩石地球化学综合异常
Fig. 8. Integrated anomaly map based on rock geochemical survey in the Sinongduo area
图 9 斯弄多矿区SZ1综合异常激电中梯扫面异常
Fig. 9. Anomaly maps of SZ1 based on IP intermediate gradient in the Sinongduo area
图 10 窝弱地区SZ6综合异常激电中梯扫面异常图
Fig. 10. Anomaly maps of SZ6 based on IP intermediate gradient in the Woruo area
图 11 斯弄多矿区SZ1综合异常激电中梯扫面异常
Fig. 11. Anomaly maps of SZ1 based on IP intermediate gradient in the Sinongduo area
图 12 斯弄多矿区新发现矿体特征
Fig. 12. Characteristics of the newly discovered ore body at the Sinongduo area
图 14 窝弱地区SZ6综合异常石英中金属硫化物特征
Fig. 14. Characteristics of sulfides in quartz veins from the SZ6 at the Woruo area
图 15 窝弱地区SZ6综合异常化探验证剖面
Fig. 15. Geochemical cross-section from the SZ6 at the Woruo area
图 16 窝弱地区SZ6综合异常矿化蚀变特征
Fig. 16. Characteristics of alteration and mineralization from the SZ6 at the Woruo area
表 1 斯弄多矿区岩石地球化学测量结果
Table 1. Statistical results of trace elements in rock samples from the Sinongduo area
元素 Au Hg Ag As Sb Cu Mo Pb Zn 上地壳丰度(UC) 1.8 / 0.05 1.5 0.2 25 1.5 20 71 测试检出限 0.2 0.000 4 0.02 0.11 0.01 0.2 0.05 0.9 0.4 典中组火山岩(n=16 208) 均值 1.7 31.4 0.19 29.4 1.89 11.3 2.26 59.8 67.3 标准差 8.3 30.1 1.56 70.1 5.12 8.3 8.55 508.2 462.1 变异系数 4.8 1 8.02 2.4 2.72 0.7 3.79 8.5 6.9 下四分位数(Q1) 0.6 20.8 0.06 11.6 0.88 6.6 0.85 34.4 37.2 中位数 0.8 28.0 0.08 19.5 1.43 10.8 1.14 41.5 61.2 上四分位数(Q3) 1.3 36.0 0.10 27.5 2.08 14.7 1.69 51 79.5 四分位距(IQR) 0.7 15.3 0.04 15.9 1.21 8.14 0.84 16.6 42.3 下拉组碳酸盐岩(n=5 589) 均值 1 27.6 0.13 13.3 1.32 11.8 0.75 59.8 63.7 标准差 2.2 33.5 2.01 23 7.65 64.7 1.36 2 009.8 315 变异系数 2.3 1.2 15.92 1.7 5.78 5.5 1.81 33.6 4.9 上四分位数(Q1) 0.4 13.9 0.04 2.0 0.28 1.5 0.27 6.0 11.5 中位数 0.6 23.0 0.06 8.9 0.66 9.6 0.62 26.1 49.9 下四分位数(Q3) 1.1 33.7 0.10 17.5 1.22 16.9 0.94 40.7 86.1 四分位距(IQR) 0.7 19.8 0.06 15.5 0.94 15.5 0.67 34.7 74.6 注：Au和Hg单位为10‒9，其余元素单位为10‒6.上地壳元素含量据Taylor and McLennan (1995). 
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表 2 基于箱型图的斯弄多矿区岩石地球化学测量异常分带
Table 2. Trace element anomaly levels of rock samples from the Sinongduo area based on box-plots
元素 Au Hg Ag As Sb Cu Mo Pb Zn 典中组火山岩(n=16 208) Q3+1.5IQR 2.4 58.89 0.16 51.4 3.90 26.91 2.95 75.9 143.0 Q3+3IQR 3.4 81.78 0.22 75.2 5.71 39.12 4.21 100.8 206.4 Q3+6IQR 5.5 127.56 0.34 122.9 9.34 63.54 6.73 150.6 333.3 Q3+12IQR 9.7 219.12 0.58 218.3 16.60 112.38 11.77 250.2 587.1 异常值个数 1 226 741 2 252 1 319 991 327 1 884 1 184 283 下拉组碳酸盐岩(n=5 589) Q3+1.5IQR 2.2 63.4 0.19 40.8 2.63 40.1 1.95 92.8 198.0 Q3+3IQR 3.2 93.1 0.28 64.0 4.04 63.3 2.95 144.8 309.9 Q3+6IQR 5.3 152.5 0.46 110.5 6.86 109.6 4.96 248.9 533.7 Q3+12IQR 9.5 271.3 0.82 203.5 12.50 202.3 8.98 457.1 981.3 异常值个数 297 258 448 229 370 63 169 198 89 注：Au和Hg含量单位为10‒9，其余元素含量单位为10‒6.
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表 3 斯弄多矿区典中组火山岩样品各元素相关性矩阵
Table 3. Correlation matrix of elements in Dianzhong Formation volcanic rocks from the Sinongduo area
元素 Au Hg Ag As Sb Cu Mo Pb Zn Au 1 Hg 0.15 1 Ag 0.35 0.18 1 As 0.45 0.15 0.27 1 Sb 0.29 0.27 0.34 0.48 1 Cu 0.00 0.13 0.31 0.02 0.05 1 Mo 0.39 0.12 0.36 0.32 0.30 ‒0.03 1 Pb 0.06 0.09 0.83 0.06 0.08 0.42 0.06 1 Zn 0.01 0.03 0.23 0.01 0.01 0.34 0.00 0.30 1
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表 4 斯弄多矿区下拉组碳酸盐岩样品各元素相关性矩阵
Table 4. Correlation matrix of elements in Xiala Formation carbonate rocks from the Sinongduo area
元素 Au Hg Ag As Sb Cu Mo Pb Zn Au 1 Hg 0.30 1 Ag 0.20 0.10 1 As 0.43 0.26 0.25 1 Sb 0.17 0.13 0.48 0.28 1 Cu 0.20 0.11 0.99 0.28 0.48 1 Mo 0.25 0.26 0.12 0.26 0.10 0.13 1 Pb 0.18 0.08 0.99 0.22 0.47 0.99 0.11 1 Zn 0.20 0.13 0.84 0.36 0.43 0.83 0.13 0.82 1
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表 5 斯弄多矿区岩石地球化学测量因子分析结果
Table 5. Factor analysis of elements of rock samples from the Sinongduo area
典中组火山岩 下拉组碳酸盐岩 因子 FL1 FL2 因子 FP1 F P2 As 0.753 ‒0.037 Ag 0.981 0.076 Au 0.718 ‒0.003 Pb 0.979 0.05 Sb 0.707 0.046 Cu 0.973 0.102 Mo 0.67 ‒0.003 Zn 0.88 0.162 Hg 0.367 0.129 Sb 0.564 0.214 Pb 0.132 0.877 Au 0.126 0.725 Ag 0.51 0.735 As 0.244 0.684 Cu ‒0.042 0.709 Hg 0.019 0.667 Zn ‒0.075 0.596 Mo 0.045 0.62 特征值 2.803 1.836 特征值 4.296 1.655 方差贡献 31.144 20.403 方差贡献 47.732 18.393 累计方差 31.144 51.547 累计方差 47.732 66.125 旋转法：具有Kaiser标准化的正交旋转法，旋转在3次迭代后收敛.
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