Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Linzizong Volcanic Succession, Namling Basin, Xizang
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摘要: 为了更好地约束林子宗群火山岩的年龄格架、岩石成因及其演化历史，对拉萨地块中南部南木林盆地的林子宗群火山岩进行了详细的岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩主微量元素地球化学研究.结果显示，南木林盆地林子宗群火山旋回时限依次为62.8~57.0 Ma、52.0~50.2 Ma、49.7 Ma.随着时间的演化，早期典中组以爆发相为主，年波组以喷发-沉积相为主，到晚期帕那组以喷溢相为主，且呈现出从中酸性向酸性演化，由钙碱性系列向高钾钙碱性系列再到钾玄岩系列逐渐过渡的趋势.其中，典中组英安质岩石为钙碱性系列，富集大离子亲石元素，亏损高场强元素，具有明显的Nb、Ta、Ti负异常，显示典型的弧火山岩特征；年波组和帕那组流纹质岩石为钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列岩石，且有钾玄岩出现，富集大离子亲石元素，亏损高场强元素，除具有明显的Nb、Ta、Ti负异常外，还具有显著的Ba、Sr、P负异常，显示碰撞-碰撞后火山岩的特点.上述特征暗示典中组英安质岩石可能是新特提斯洋北向俯冲消减过程中岛弧区幔源岩浆底侵诱发上覆地壳部分熔融的产物，年波组和帕那组流纹质岩石则是印度-亚洲大陆碰撞初期阶段英安质岩石进一步分离结晶的产物.林子宗群火山岩是记录这种体制转换的重要载体.Abstract: In order to better constrain the age framework, petrogenesis and evolution history of the Linzizong volcanic succession (LVS), this study focuses on the petrography, zircon U-Pb geochronology and whole-rock geochemical characteristics analyses of LVS in Namling basin in the central-southern Lhasa Terrane. Results show that the periods of eruptive cycles of LVS in Namling basin are 62.8 Ma to 57.0 Ma, 52.0 Ma to 50.2 Ma and 49.7 Ma, respectively. With the evolution of time, the lithofacies have changed. Dianzhong Formation is dominated by the eruption facies, Nianbo Formation is dominated by the eruption-sedimentary facies, while Pana Formation is dominated by the eruption-overflow facies. Meanwhile, it shows the trend of evolution from andesitic to acidic, from calc-alkaline to high K calc-alkaline to shoshonite series. The dacite rocks of Dianzhong Formation are calc-alkaline series, which are enriched in LILE, depleted of HFSE, with obvious negative anomalies of Nb, Ta and Ti, showing typical arc volcanic characteristics. The rhyolite rocks of Nianbo Formation and Pana Formation are calc-alkaline to high K calc-alkaline series with occurrence of shoshonite series, which are enriched in LILE, and depleted in HFSE. In addition to the obvious negative anomalies of Nb, Ta and Ti, there are also significant negative anomalies of Ba, Sr and P, showing the characteristics of collision to post-collision volcanic rocks. The above features suggest that the dacite rocks of Dianzhong Formation may be the product of partial melting of the overlying crust induced by the undercutting of mantle-derived magma in the arc region during the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. While, the rhyolite rocks of Nianbo Formation and Pana Formation are the products of further separation and crystallization of dacite rocks in the early stage of the Indian-Asian continental collision. In summary, LVS is an important archive for recording this system transformation from subduction to collision.
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Key words:
- Linzizong volcanic succession /
- zircon U-Pb chronology /
- geochemistry /
- Namling /
- Lhasa terrane /
- petrology
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图 1 青藏高原构造格架（a）、冈底斯构造岩浆岩带地质简图（b，据Zhu et al., 2011修改）、南木林盆地地质简图（c）、南木林盆地林子宗群火山岩柱状图（d）、A-B剖面图（e）和C-D剖面图（f）
图c中：cg.砾岩；ls.灰岩；ss.砂岩；年龄数据上方圆圈中的数字表示引用的文献编号，其中：1.曹延等（2020）；2.陈贝贝等（2016）；3.陈兰朴等（2019）；4.He et al.（2007）；5.Huang et al.（2015）；6.李皓扬等（2007）；7.李勇等（2018）；8.梁银平等（2010）；9.刘安琳等（2015）；10.王乔林（2011）；11.谢冰晶等（2013）；12.Yan et al.（2019）；13.杨辉等（2013）；14.Zhu et al.（2015）；15.Liu et al.（2018）；16.李强等（2017）；17.刘富军等（2019）；18.韦乃韶等（2019）；19.张运昌等（2019）；20.赵亚云等（2019）；21.呼建雄等（2018）；22.付文春等（2014）；23.谢克家等（2011）；24.刘安琳（2020）；25.Ding et al.（2021）；26.刘冯斌等（2020）；27.周鹏等（2019）；28.胡林等（2020）；29.韩飞等（2019）；30.待发表数据
Fig. 1. Tectonic framework of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (a), sketch geological map of Gangdese magmatic belt (b, modified by Zhu et al., 2011) and Namling basin (c), LVS stratigraphic column in Namling basin (d), A-B (e) and C-D (f) sections
图 2 南木林林子宗群火山岩野外及镜下照片（正交偏光）
a.典中组（E1d）与下伏设兴组（K2s）角度不整合接触；b.年波组（E2n）火山沉积韵律特征；c.帕那组（E2p）野外露头；d.安山岩；e.英安岩；f.流纹质晶屑凝灰岩；g.凝灰质粉砂岩；h.球粒流纹岩；i.安山玢岩. Bt.黑云母；Hbl.普通角闪石；Pl.斜长石；Q.石英
Fig. 2. Field photographs and microphotographs (crossed polars) of LVS in Namling basin
图 3 南木林林子宗群火山岩代表性锆石阴极发光图像及锆石U-Pb谐和图解
Fig. 3. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of representative zircons, and zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams of LVS in the Namling area
图 5 南木林林子宗群火山岩TAS图解（a）、K2O-SiO2图解（b）和Ce/Yb-Ta/Yb图解（c）（图例同图 4）
图a中：B.玄武岩；O1.玄武安山岩；O2.安山岩；O3.英安岩；Pc.苦橄玄武岩；Ph.响岩；R.流纹岩；S1.粗面玄武岩；S2.响岩质玄武岩；S3.碱玄武岩；T.粗面岩；U1.碱玄岩碧玄岩；U2.响岩质碱玄岩；U3.碱玄响岩
Fig. 5. TAS (a), K2O-SiO2(b) and Ce/Yb-Ta/Yb diagram (c) of LVS in Namling area
图 6 球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线（a）和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图（b）
球粒陨石和原始地幔标准值引自Sun and McDonough（1989）
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE distribution pattern (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagram (b)
图 7 南木林盆地和林周盆地林子宗群火山岩地层柱状图
林周盆地柱状图引自陈贝贝等（2016）；部分图例同图 1
Fig. 7. Lithostratigraphic columns of LVS in Namling and Linzhou basin
图 8 Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba（a）、Sr-Ba/Sr（b）和Sr-Rb/Sr（c）相关性图解
图例同图 4
Fig. 8. Correlation plot of Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba (a), Sr-Ba/Sr (b) and Sr-Rb/Sr (c)
表 1 南木林盆地林子宗群火山岩样品概况
Table 1. Petrography of samples from the LVS in Namling basin
样品号 岩石名称 组 采样位置 岩性描述 备注 P9 安山玢岩 典中组 29°40′43″N89°11′05″E 新鲜面呈浅灰绿色，具辉绿结构，块状构造.由斜长石（80%）和普通辉石（20%）组成.其中斜长石呈板条状，自形‒半自形粒状结构，发育聚片双晶；普通辉石呈短柱状，分布于长石颗粒间，形成辉绿结构，部分发生绿泥石化（图 2i）. 年龄样1件 D3423 英安岩 典中组 29°40′48″N89°09′31″E 新鲜面呈灰色，斑状结构，块状构造.斑晶主要为斜长石（25%），呈板条状，表面较脏，多被绢云母完全交代，保留长石板条状晶形；还可见少量石英斑晶（5%），粒状；基质（70%）为隐晶质，成分主要为斜长石微晶和玻璃质（图 2e）. 年龄样1件；全岩地化样5件 P2 英安岩 典中组 29°43′10″N89°05′43″E 新鲜面呈灰色，斑状结构，块状构造.斑晶主要为斜长石（20%），粒状、宽板状，局部绢云母化；少量石英斑晶（5%），粒状；基质（75%）主要为斜长石微晶和玻璃质组成，呈隐晶质结构. 全岩地化样2件 D0108 英安质含角砾晶屑凝灰岩 典中组 29°50′51″N89°00′54″E 新鲜面呈紫灰色，具含角砾晶屑凝灰结构，块状构造，主要由晶屑（35%）、火山角砾（10%）和火山灰（55%）组成.火山角砾为英安岩岩屑，呈次棱角状；填隙物为粒度细小的火山灰. 年龄样1件 D1694 流纹质含角砾岩屑晶屑凝灰岩 年波组 29°52′34″N89°08′13″E 新鲜面呈灰色，凝灰结构，块状构造.火山碎屑物由 < 2 mm的凝灰物质组成，碎屑成分主要由岩屑（20%），晶屑（35%）、玻屑（10%）组成，填隙物为火山灰，另有少量火山角砾（5%）.火山碎屑物分选性差，有粗糙感，层理不明显. 全岩地化样2件 D1099 流纹质晶屑凝灰岩 年波组 29°50′16″N89°02′16″E 新鲜面呈灰白色，具晶屑凝灰结构，块状构造.火山碎屑物由 < 2 mm的凝灰物质组成，碎屑主要为晶屑（45%），填隙物为灰色火山灰（图 2f）. 年龄样1件；全岩地化样5件 P8 流纹质晶屑凝灰岩 年波组 29°44′55″N89°22′33″E 新鲜面呈灰白色，晶屑凝灰结构，块状构造.火山碎屑物由 < 2 mm的凝灰物质组成，碎屑主要为晶屑（40%），填隙物为灰色火山灰. 全岩地化样2件 D3022 流纹质含角砾熔结凝灰岩 年波组 29°47′27″N89°11′44″E 新鲜面呈灰白色，具熔结凝灰结构，可见假流动构造.主要由晶屑（20%）、塑性岩屑（25%）、火山角砾（5%）和火山灰（50%）组成.晶屑成分主要为石英、斜长石和碱性长石，多呈次棱角状；塑性岩屑呈拉长的条带状；火山角砾呈棱角状，火山碎屑物分选性差.火山灰由于蠕动变形和熔结，围绕晶屑、岩屑及火山角砾变为平滑线状定向排列而形成假流动构造. 年龄样2件；全岩地化样1件 D9018 球粒流纹岩 帕那组 29°49′42″N89°22′31″E 新鲜面呈灰色，球粒结构，块状构造.斑晶主要为石英（30%）和钾长石（20%），球粒（50%）由放射状长英质纤维组成，局部具十字消光，其间为隐晶质（图 2h）. 年龄样1件；全岩地化样7件 
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