Multiple-Point Geostatistical Modeling of Braided Channel Reservoir with Constraints by 3D Seismic Data: A Case Study of M Block in Venezuela
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摘要: 将地震信息引入多点统计地质建模之中，可以提高模型的井间预测功能.首先以委内瑞拉奥里诺科重油带一个辫状河沉积含油区块为例，结合该区辫状河储层的地质特点，利用井震信息结合的多点统计建模方法，研究了波阻抗的相标定、砂体概率生成曲线选定、训练图像分析、井震影响比等方面的技术细节及它们在辫状河储层多点统计建模中的作用.然后结合辫状河储层的沉积学特征，对研究区的心滩、河道、泛滥平原等微相空间分布的建模结果进行了分析.最后对于不同的储层建模结果进行了不确定性分析.研究表明：井震结合的多点统计建模方法，较好地降低了稀井网地区建模结果的不确定性；通过砂岩概率生成曲线，波阻抗数据转化为地震相的空间概率分布.这样就有效地建立起了地震数据与其地质意义的联系；相比仅用测井信息建模，井震结合建模结果对井间微相预测更具合理性，同时预测的河道、心滩的连续性也得到了更好的体现.Abstract: Integrating seismic information into multi-point statistical geological modeling can improve the cross well prediction function of the model. Taking a braided river sedimentary oil-bearing block in Orinoco heavy oil belt, Venezuela, as an example, combined with the geological characteristics of braided river reservoir in this area, and using the multi-point statistical modeling method integrated well with seismic data, is this paper it studies the facies calibration of seismic wave impedance, the selection of sand-body probability generation curve, training image analysis, impact ratio between well and seismic data, and their role in multi-point statistical modeling of braided river reservoir. Then, combined with the sedimentological characteristic of braided river reservoir, the modeling results of microfacies spatial distribution such as channel bar, river channel and flood plain in the study area are analyzed. Finally, the uncertainty of different reservoir modeling results is analyzed. The research shows that the multi-point statistical modeling method integrated well and seismic data can better reduce the uncertainty of modeling results in areas with sparse well pattern. Through the probability generation curve of sandstone, the wave impedance data is transformed into the spatial probability distribution of seismic facies. In this way, the relationship between seismic data and its geological significance is effectively established. Compared with modeling only with well-logging data, the method integrated well seismic data modeling result is more reasonable for inter well microfacies prediction, and the continuity of predicted river channel and channel bar is better displayed.
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图 1 研究区Oficina组油层划分图（W2井）
Fig. 1. Oil-bearing layers of the Oficina Formation in the study area
图 2 自然伽马‒波阻抗交汇图分析沉积微相
Fig. 2. Sedimentary micro-facies analysis with the cross plot of GR well-logging and seismic impedance data
图 3 相标定地震相数据
Fig. 3. Seismic facies classification result defined with sedimentary microfacies
图 5 参考地震相数据制成的辫状河训练图像
Fig. 5. Different learning maps of braided river referring to seismic facies in the study area
图 6 依据辫状河训练图像的建模结果
Fig. 6. Reservoir modelling results dominated by learning maps on braided river
图 7 不同地震信息影响比约束条件下的建模结果（第6片）
图中的3张直方图，描述了在三种影响比之下，泛滥平原（相代码为0）、河道（相代码为1）、心滩（相代码位为2）等微相的空间比例
Fig. 7. Different reservoir modelling results under the condition of different seismic impact ratios
图 12 利用测井数据的建模结果与原始地震波阻抗的对比
图12d的底部的那张剖面图是利用原始地震波阻抗生成的.从它的色标可以看出，波阻抗最小是兰色，标定为泛滥平原.波阻抗再大一些，就是灰色、红色，标定为河道.波阻抗最大时是黄色，可以标定为心滩；坐标单位为m
Fig. 12. Comparison modelling results between well-logging data and original seismic wave impedance
图 13 不同随机种子条件下井震结合建模结果与原始地震波阻抗的对比
坐标单位为m
Fig. 13. Comparison modelling results between well integrated seismic data under different random seed conditions and original seismic wave impedance
表 1 Morichal段主要沉积微相类型
Table 1. Main types of sedimentary micro-faicies in the Morichal Member
相 亚相 微相 垂向层序 推移质/悬移质比 辫状河相 河床 河道 正韵律 很大 心滩 复合韵律 很大 河漫 泛滥平原 无韵律 小 
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表 2 研究区辫状河主要砂体类型及其宽度与厚度规模统计
Table 2. Statistics on width and thickness scales of major sandbodies of braided river in the study area
成因砂体类型 宽度（m） 厚度（m） 宽度/厚度 单一河道 100~250 2~5 20~50 单一心滩 120~250 2.5~6 30~50 复合河道带或心滩 1 500~3 000 10~25 60~150
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