Are Detrital Materials from the Yellow River Associated with Desert/Sandy Land Provenances in Northwest China?
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摘要: 在中国西北内陆分布着面积广大的沙漠/沙地，确定其物质来源对理解这些沙漠的形成和发育至关重要.尤其对腾格里沙漠、河东沙地、毛乌素沙漠、乌兰布和沙漠和库布齐沙漠的碎屑物质是来自远源的黄河还是近源源区的争议较大.鉴于此，对沙漠中广泛存在的碎屑钾长石进行了554颗原位Pb同位素分析，结合黄河上游已经发表的钾长石Pb同位素数据，判定二者之间是否存在物源联系.综合区域内已发表的物源示踪结果，表明黄河上游的碎屑物质对腾格里沙漠的影响主要集中在有限的局部区域，未深入到沙漠腹地；黄河上游物质和河东沙地、毛乌素沙漠、乌兰布和沙漠和库布齐沙漠不存在物源联系.中国西北内陆这些沙漠/沙地的物质主要以近源物质为主，是对早更新世以来青藏高原隆升和气候干旱的沉积响应.Abstract: There are large areas of desert/sandy land located in the interior of Northwest China. To determine their material origin is crucial to understand the formation and development of these deserts. Especially, it is controversial whether the detrital materials in Tengger, Hedong, Mu Us, Ulan Buhe and Kubuqi deserts and sand lands come from the distant Yellow River or the near source area. In view of this, it carried out in-situ Pb isotopic analyses of detrital K-feldspar grains (n=554) widely found in these deserts to determine whether there is a provenance relationship with the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Combined with the published Pb isotopic compositions of detrital K-feldspar from the upper Yellow River and provenance tracing results in the region, the results show that the detrital material from the upper Yellow River mainly affected the Tengger Desert in a limited local area, but did not penetrate into the desert hinterland. The material in the upper reach of the Yellow River is not related to Hedong sand land, Mu Us sand land, Ulan Buhe desert and Kubuqi desert. The material of these deserts/sandy lands in Northwest China was mainly derived from near source area, which is a sedimentary process response to the uplift of the Tibetan plateau and climatic drought since the Early Pleistocene.
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Key words:
- Yellow River /
- desert /
- K-feldspar /
- Pb isotope /
- provenance tracing /
- stratigraphy
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图 1 黄河流域和中国西北主要沙漠/沙地位置分布
Fig. 1. Distribution map of Yellow River basin and main deserts/sandy lands in Northwest China
图 2 黄河干流主要水文站输沙特征对比图(中华人民共和国水利部, 2020)
Fig. 2. Column chart of sediment transport of main hydrological stations in the Yellow River trunk stream(Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China, 2020)
图 5 钾长石206Pb/204Pb和207Pb/204Pb比值散点图
a.腾格里沙漠；b.河东沙地；c.毛乌素沙漠，库布齐沙漠和乌兰布和沙漠；d.黄河上游
Fig. 5. 206Pb/204Pb vs. 207Pb/204Pb isotope discrimination diagrams of single K-feldspar grains
图 6 钾长石206Pb/204Pb和207Pb/204Pb比值散点图(a~e)和钾长石206Pb/204Pb同位素比值多维标度图(f)
a. 腾格里沙漠；b. 河东沙地；c.毛乌素沙漠；d. 乌兰布和沙漠；e. 库布齐沙漠与潜在物源区黄河上游（林旭等，2022a）和华北板块（张理刚，1995）. 图f中实线代表最近距离，虚线代表第二近距离
Fig. 6. Scatter plots of 206Pb/204Pb and 207Pb/204Pb ratios of K-feldspar (a-e) and multi-dimensional scaling maps based on 206Pb/204Pb isotope ratios for Pb isotopic data (f)
图 8 粒度组成分布
a.黄河上游沿岸沙漠/沙地（桂洪杰，2013）；b.黄河上游河流沉积物（陈垚，2020）；c.兰州盆地（Zhang et al.，2014a）、临夏盆地（Fan et al.，2006）、庄浪剖面（Qiang et al.，2011）和秦安剖面（Qiao et al.，2006）风成沉积物
Fig. 8. Diagrams showing the distribution of particle size compositions
图 9 中国西北内陆洪积扇、沙漠/沙地和河流分布(a)；河东沙地形成过程(b)
Fig. 9. Distribution of diluvial fans, deserts/sandy lands and rivers in Northwest China (a); formation process of Hedong sand land (b)
表 1 样品采集信息
Table 1. Sampling point information
样品性质 采样点 经度(E) 纬度(N) 数量(颗) 数据来源 河砂 玛曲(黄河) 102°04'48.00" 33°57'28.80" 63 林旭等(2022a) 同德(黄河) 100°12'42.25" 35°21'24.58" 65 兰州(黄河) 103°36'32.40" 36°08'24.00" 65 巴彦(黄河) 107°22'08.40" 40°40'15.60" 65 沙漠砂 腾格里沙漠1 104°58'12.00" 37°27'39.60" 65 腾格里沙漠2 105°4′46.56″ 37°52′51.96″ 57 河东沙地1 106°21′45.72″ 38°7′25.32″ 62 河东沙地2 106°36′6.84″ 38°40′1.20″ 60 河东沙地3 106°43′33.24″ 38°48′7.92″ 59 河东沙地4 106°53′30.84″ 38°59′2.76″ 63 毛乌素沙漠 109°41'45.60" 38°23'06.00" 65 本次研究 乌兰布和沙漠 106°51′12.96″ 40°11′34.80″ 58 库布齐沙漠 107°59′24.00″ 40°46′12.00″ 65 基岩 华北板块 63 张理刚(1995) 
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