Sedimentary and Reservoir Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Exploration Significance of Triassic Taliqike Formation in Kuqa Depression
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摘要: 塔里木盆地库车坳陷上三叠统塔里奇克组源‒储共生，但勘探认识程度低，储层基础研究尚未开展.结合露头‒钻井沉积特征、物性测试、薄片鉴定等资料研究认为：塔里奇克组因砂/砂砾岩与暗色泥岩或煤层交替而呈源‒储互层的“三明治”结构；砂岩主要为岩屑砂岩，但随颗粒变粗，石英含量有增高的趋势；砂岩处于中成岩阶段，压实作用是最主要的减孔作用，溶蚀作用是最明显的增孔作用，储集空间类型以粒间溶孔和粒内溶孔为主；随石英颗粒含量增高，孔隙度有增加的趋势，且随着砂岩粒度变粗，孔、渗有变好的趋势；沉积相是控制储集性的关键因素，分流河道砂岩/砂砾岩是最优储层；塔里奇克组砂岩物性与巴什基其克组、阿合组等重要油气储层具有较高的相似度，在北部构造带发育较厚的Ⅱ-Ⅲ类规模性储层，且被夹持在煤层和暗色泥岩优质烃源岩中，对寻找中深层常规‒非常规型构造‒岩性油气藏意义重大.Abstract: The concomitant source-reservoir is developed in the Upper Triassic Taliqike Formation of Kuqa depression, Tarim Basin. However, it has not yet attracted much attention for exploration and relevant studies on the reservoir have not been initiated. Based on the comprehensive analysis of sedimentary characteristics, physical property testing, and thin section identification, results of this study show that Taliqike Formation presents a "sandwich" of source-reservoir interbeds due to the alternation of sand/glutenite stone and dark mudstone or coal seams. The compositional maturity of sandstone is low, mainly composed of lithic sandstone, but as the particles become coarser, the quartz content tends to increase. Sandstone is in the middle diagenetic stage, and the most important pore reducing effect and the most obvious pore increasing effect are compaction and dissolution, respectively. The type of storage space is mainly intragranular dissolved pores and intergranular dissolved pores, and dissolution is the main contribution of the sandstone reservoir space of the Taliqike Formation. As the content of quartz particles increases the porosity tends to increase, and as the grain size of the sandstone becomes coarser, the porosity and permeability tend to become better; sedimentary facies is the key factor to control the reservoir and the sandstone/glutenite of distributary channel is the best reservoir. The physical properties of the sandstone of Taliqike Formation are similar to other important hydrocarbon reservoirs of Bashijiqike and Ahe Formations. The thicker Type Ⅱ-Ⅲ large-scale reservoirs are developed in the northern structural belt, and they are sandwiched in high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks formed by coal seams and dark mudstones. It is of great significance to search for middle-deep conventional and unconventional structure-lithologic reservoirs.
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Key words:
- reservoir characteristic /
- Taliqike Formation /
- Upper Triassic /
- Kuqa Depression /
- Tarim Basin /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 库车坳陷构造纲要图及黄山街‒阿合组简要柱状图
Ⅰ.北部单斜带；Ⅱ.克拉苏构造带；Ⅲ.拜城凹陷；Ⅳ.依奇克里克构造带；Ⅴ.秋里塔格构造带；Ⅵ.阳霞凹陷；Ⅶ.南部斜坡带；Ⅷ.乌什凹陷；Ⅸ.温宿凸起
Fig. 1. Tectonic map of Kuqa Depression and brief stratigraphic column of Huangshanjie-Ahe Formation
图 2 库车河上三叠统塔里奇克组沉积储层柱状剖面图
Fig. 2. Section of Upper Triassic Taliqike Formation near the Kuqa River
图 3 库车坳陷塔里奇克组沉积与岩石特征
a.库车河塔里奇克组向上变细的下旋回露头照片；b.东2沟塔里奇克组中部辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体与水下分流间湾富有机质泥岩构成的粗、细交替的“三明治”式结构；c.拜城以北艾买提马没特剖面塔里奇克组底部砾岩（厚约7.7 m）；d、e. 中粒岩屑砂岩镜下照片；f.槽模；g.大型槽状交错层理；h.硅化木；i.泥岩；j.煤层；k.碳化植物碎片
Fig. 3. Sedimentary and rock characteristics of the Taliqike Formation in the Kuqa Depression
图 4 库车坳陷上三叠统塔里奇克组沉积相展布图
Fig. 4. Sedimentary facies of the Upper Triassic Taliqike Formation in the Kuqa Depression
图 5 上三叠统塔里奇克组连井沉积对比剖面
Fig. 5. Sedimentary correlation profile of wells in the Upper Triassic Taliqike Formation
图 6 上三叠统塔里奇克组与白垩系巴什基奇克组、侏罗系阿合组砂岩组分特征的对比
Ⅰ.石英砂岩；Ⅱ.长石石英砂岩；Ⅲ.岩屑石英砂岩；Ⅳ.长石岩屑质石英砂岩；Ⅵ.岩屑长石砂岩；Ⅶ.长石岩屑砂岩；Ⅷ.岩屑砂岩；Ⅴ.长石砂岩. A.巴什基奇克组砂岩投点范围；B：阿合组砂岩投点范围
Fig. 6. Comparison of sandstone features of the Upper Triassic Taliqike Formation, the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation and the Jurassic Ahe Formation
图 7 塔里奇克组岩石组分特征
a.砂岩石英颗粒含量正态分布；b.砂岩中不同类型填隙物出现的频率；c.砂岩泥质含量在填隙物中的占比统计
Fig. 7. Rock composition characteristics of Taliqike Formation
图 8 塔里奇克组砂岩中含不同孔、缝类型的样品数在总样品数中的占比
Fig. 8. Proportion of samples with different types of pores and fractures in the sandstone of the Taliqike Formation in the total number of samples
图 9 塔里奇克组砂岩中不同类型孔隙在总面孔率中的占比
a.原生粒间孔在总面孔率中的占比统计；b.溶蚀孔在总面孔率中的占比统计
Fig. 9. Proportion of different types of pores in the total surface porosity in the sandstones of the Taliqike Formation
图 10 塔里奇克组砂岩储集空间镜下特征
a. 克拉苏河中粒岩屑砂岩，发育粒内溶孔，部分被残余沥青充填；蓝色铸体，单偏光.b. 克拉苏河含中粒粗粒岩屑质石英砂岩，发育粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔，溶蚀缝；蓝色铸体，单偏光.c. 克孜勒努尔沟含砾含巨粒粗粒岩屑砂岩，发育粒间孔、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔等；蓝色铸体，单偏光.d. 克孜勒努尔沟中粒岩屑石英砂岩，发育粒间孔、粒间及粒内溶孔、铸模孔，局部可见胶结物被溶蚀；蓝色铸体，单偏光.e. 克孜勒努尔沟含粗粒中粒岩屑砂岩，发育粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔；蓝色铸体，单偏光.f. 阳霞煤矿含粗粒中粒岩屑砂岩，发育粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔；蓝色铸体，单偏光
Fig. 10. Microscopic characteristics of sandstone reservoir space in Taliqike Formation
图 11 塔里奇克组砂岩储层孔隙度与渗透率统计
Fig. 11. Statistics of porosity and permeability of sandstones in Taliqike Formation
图 12 塔里奇克组砂岩储层物性特征
Fig. 12. Reservoir physical properties of sandstones in the Taliqike Formation
图 13 塔里奇克组砂岩孔隙度与胶结物含量（a）及溶蚀孔量（b）交汇图
Fig. 13. Intersection diagram of sandstone porosity and cement content (a) and dissolved porosity (b) in the Taliqike Formation
图 14 库车坳陷塔里奇克组成岩阶段
Fig. 14. Diagenetic stages of Taliqike Formation in Kuqa Depression
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