Paleogeographic Environment and Evolution of Permian Volcanic Eruption in Southwest Sichuan
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摘要: 通过川西南二叠纪火山岩喷发古地理环境及演化分析，旨在明确火山喷发时古陆位置及分布，从而圈定有利储层分布.利用火山岩中代表喷发古地理环境的系列标志，结合室内地球化学、测井资料及火山喷发前岩溶古地貌等分析，认为该地区火山岩喷发古地理环境存在海相和陆相两类.火山喷发时古地理环境受控于康滇古陆的形成与演化，火山喷发早期，东吴运动第二幕发生强烈构造运动导致康滇古陆形成，海水由石棉‒天全一带向南北退去，仅在研究区南部的石棉‒汉源‒峨边‒珙泉一线以南地区和北部的宝兴北部一带保留海相沉积环境；中‒晚期，宝兴及以北地区继承了早期碳酸盐台地沉积环境，甘洛‒马边‒盐津一带由缓坡沉积环境演变为滨岸沉积环境.二叠纪火山喷发时，川西南地区为古陆，成都‒简阳一带发育的熔结凝灰岩和熔结角砾岩，溶蚀孔洞发育，储集性最好，是目前四川盆地二叠纪火山岩勘探的重要目的层；周公山‒宜宾一带发育的自碎角砾岩，由于处于溢流相上部亚相，火山喷发间歇期的风化淋滤作用产生溶蚀孔洞，储层较好，周公山地区获得油气突破，证实了其油气勘探潜力.Abstract: Through the analysis of the paleogeographic environment and evolution of Permian volcanic eruptions in Southwest Sichuan, the paleogeographic location and distribution of paleolands during volcanic eruptions were analyzed, so as to delineate the distribution of favorable reservoirs. Based on a series of markers representing the eruption paleogeographic environment in volcanic rocks, combined with the analysis of indoor geochemistry, well logging data and karst paleogeomorphology before volcanic eruption, it is considered that there are two types of paleogeographic environment of volcanic eruption in this area: marine and continental. In the early stage of volcanic eruption, strong tectonic movement occurred in the second episode of the Soochow movement, which led to the formation of the Kangdian ancient land. The sea water retreated from Shimian-Tianquan area to the north and south. The marine sedimentary environment was only retained in the south of Shimian-Hanyuan-Ebian-Gongquan line in the south of the study area and the north of Baoxing in the north. In the middle-late period, Baoxing and its north inherited the early carbonate platform sedimentary environment, and the Ganluo-Mabian-Yanjin area evolved from gentle slope sedimentary environment to shore sedimentary environment. During the Permian volcanic eruption, Southwest Sichuan was an ancient land. The fused tuff and fused breccia developed in Chengdu-Jianyang area, with developed dissolution holes and the best reservoir, is an important target layer for Permian volcanic exploration in Sichuan Basin. Self broken breccia developed in Zhougongshan-Yibin area is the better reservoir because the weathering and leaching during the intermittent period of volcanic eruption produced dissolution holes since it is located in the upper subfacies of overflow facies. The oil and gas breakthrough in Zhougongshan area confirms its oil and gas exploration potential.
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图 2 川西南地区二叠纪火山岩连井对比
Fig. 2. Well to well comparison of Permian volcanic rocks in Southwest Sichuan
图 3 川西南二叠纪火山岩喷发古地理环境识别标志
a. 盐津王爷庙，淬碎角砾岩及枕状玄武岩；b. 盐津王爷庙，淬碎角砾岩，单偏光；c. 昭觉竹核，熔积岩，角砾成分为碳酸盐岩和火山岩；d. 昭觉竹核，熔积岩，沉积物流体化结构以及碳酸盐受烘烤发生重结晶，茜素红染色，单偏光；e. 昭觉竹核，熔积岩，沉积物流体化结构以及包裹结构，茜素红染色，单偏光；f. 昭觉竹核，熔积岩，沉积物流体化结构、包裹结构以及锯齿嵌合结构，茜素红染色，单偏光；g. 昭觉竹核，火山岩中灰岩透镜体或夹层；h. 马边油石岩，火山岩中层状或条带状磷块岩；i. 马边油石岩，磷块岩，胶磷矿团块和白云石组成，单偏光；j. 昭觉竹核，二叠纪火山岩与下伏茅口组整合接触；k. 乐山王世坪，熔结集块岩；l. 绥江五角堡，密集小型柱状节理；m. 昭觉竹核，岩流单元顶部红顶结构；n. 马边油石岩，火山岩中的紫红色泥岩夹层；o. 马边油石岩，紫红色泥岩夹层下部的淬碎角砾岩；p. 绥江五角堡，二叠纪火山岩与下伏茅口组不整合接触，风化壳及淋滤带发育；q. Yt1井，5 646.87 m，熔结凝灰岩岩心；r. Yt1井，5 646.87 m，熔结凝灰岩，塑性浆屑；s. Yt1井，5 646.87 m，熔结凝灰岩，塑性浆屑和玻屑
Fig. 3. Paleogeographic environment identification of Permian volcanic eruption in Southwest Sichuan
图 4 川西南地区二叠纪火山岩TiO2-K2O-P2O5判别图解（据Pearce et al., 1975修改）
Fig. 4. TiO2-K2O-P2O5 discrimination diagram of Permian volcanic rocks in Southwest Sichuan(modified from Pearce et al., 1975)
图 5 川西南地区二叠纪火山岩喷发环境判别（据何衍鑫等（2017）修改）
Fig. 5. Identification of the eruption environment from Permian volcanic rocks in Southwest Sichuan(modified from He et al., 2017)
图 6 川西南地区二叠纪火山岩综合柱状图
全岩及稀土元素数据来源于刘冉等，2021
Fig. 6. Comprehensive log histogram of Permian volcanic rocks in Southwest Sichuan
图 7 川西南及蜀南茅口组顶部岩溶古地貌图
Fig. 7. Karst paleogeomorphology map of the top of Maokou Formation in Southwest Sichuan and South Sichuan
图 8 川西南地区二叠纪火山岩喷发古地理环境南北（a）和东西（b）对比图
Fig. 8. North-south (a) and east-west (b) comparison of Permian volcanic eruption paleogeographic environment in Southwest Sichuan
图 9 川西南地区二叠纪火山岩喷发早期（a）和中-晚期（b）古地理
Fig. 9. Paleogeographic of Early (a) and Middle-Late (b) Permian volcanic eruption in Southwest Sichuan
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