Comprehensive Evaluation of Fault Sealing Based on Improved Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method
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摘要: 断层封堵评价分为垂向封堵评价和侧向封堵评价.前人多采取综合模糊评价法综合评价断层封堵性，模糊综合评判法的评价结果受评价分值和权重系数影响，传统综合评判法的各参数评价分值通过最大隶属度原则获取，忽视了同一类评价标准的内部差异，精度较低，且权重系数采取经验赋值或同等权重赋值，与实际区域地质环境有所出入.本次研究综合考虑断层力学背景、岩性对置关系、断储配置关系等定性参数，结合断层岩泥质含量、断面正压力、断储排替压力及断层应力特征等定量参数的影响，实现了参数的评价标准定量化分值表示；且基于区域各项参数统计分析，各项参数权重系数的确定通过层次分析法予以改进，权重系数更符合区域规律.选择涠西南凹陷二号断裂带A块潜力目标作为靶区，运用该方法进行评价，取得了较好效果；与前人研究方法对比，精度存在显著提高.Abstract: The evaluation of Fault sealing is divided into the evaluation of vertical sealing and the evaluation of lateral sealing. Previous studies mostly adopted the comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method to comprehensively evaluate the fault sealing performance. However, the evaluation results of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are affected by the evaluation score and weight coefficient, which leads to the following two problems. Firstly, the evaluation score of each parameter of the traditional comprehensive evaluation method is obtained through the principle of maximum membership degree, ignoring the internal differences of the same kind of evaluation standards, resulting in low accuracy; secondly, the weight coefficient adopts empirical assignment or equivalent weight assignment, which is different from the actual regional geological environment. This study comprehensively considers the qualitative parameters such as fault mechanics background, lithology opposition relationship and fault reservoir configuration relationship, combined with the influence of quantitative parameters such as fault rock shale content, section normal pressure, fault reservoir displacement pressure and fault stress characteristics, so as to realize the quantitative score representation of the evaluation standard of quantitative parameters. Based on the statistical analysis of regional parameters, the weight coefficients of various parameters are determined and improved by analytic hierarchy process. The weight coefficient is more in line with the regional law. Block A of No.2 fault zone in Weixinan sag is selected as the target area for evaluation, and good results are obtained. Compared with previous research methods, the accuracy is significantly improved.
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图 4 二号断裂带已钻圈闭封堵断层SGR-断储排替力压差
Fig. 4. Chart of SGR vs. displacement pressure difference of plugging fault of drilled trap in No.2 fault zone
图 5 二号断裂带断面正压力统计柱状图
Fig. 5. Statistical histogram of normal pressure on section of No.2 fault zone
图 6 A块靶区不同油组顶面构造图
a. W3Ⅷ油组；b. W3Ⅸ油组
Fig. 6. Top surface of different oil formations in block A target area
表 1 层次分析法判断矩阵
Table 1. Comparison matrices in the analytic hierarchy process
标度 含义 1 表示两个因素相比较，具同等重要性 3 表明两个因素相比，一个因素比另一个因素稍微重要 5 表明两个因素相比，一个因素比另一个因素明显重要 7 表明两个因素相比，一个因素比另一个因素强烈重要 9 表明两个因素相比，一个因素比另一个因素极端重要 2、4、6、8 上述两相邻判断的中值 倒数 若i因素与j因素比较，得到判断值aij=1/aji 
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表 2 控制因素判断矩阵
Table 2. The table of comparison matrices in the controlling factors
判断矩阵 断层力学背景 岩性对置(Allan图) 断‒储配置关系 SGR 断面正压力（MPa） 断‒储排替压力差（MPa） 断层应力特征（滑动趋势） 权重系数 断层力学背景 1.00 0.20 1.00 0.17 0.20 0.14 0.33 0.03 岩性对置(Allan图) 5.00 1.00 5.00 0.20 1.00 0.33 3.00 0.16 断‒储配置关系 1.00 0.20 1.00 0.17 0.20 0.14 0.33 0.03 SGR 6.00 2.00 6.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 0.24 断面正压力（MPa） 5.00 1.00 5.00 0.50 1.00 0.33 3.00 0.17 断‒储排替压力差（MPa） 7.00 3.00 7.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 4.00 0.28 断层应力特征（滑动趋势） 3.00 0.33 3.00 0.25 0.33 0.25 1.00 0.09
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表 3 控制因素判断矩阵
Table 3. The table of comparison matrices in the controlling factors
序号 评价因素 权重系数（Bi） 评价特征与分值（Ci） 备注 好（0.9） 中（0.6） 差（0.3） 1 断层力学背景 0.03 扭性 张扭 张性 定性因素 2 岩性对置（Allan图） 0.16 大部分砂泥对接 砂砂对接小于50% 砂砂对接大于50% 3 断储配置关系 0.03 反向屋脊断层 反向断层 顺向断层 4 SGR 0.24 计算得到，越大越好，归一化处理 定量因素 5 断面正压力（MPa） 0.17 计算得到，越大越好，归一化处理 6 断储排替压力差（MPa） 0.28 计算得到，越大越好，归一化处理 7 断层应力特征（滑动趋势） 0.09 计算得到，越小越好 8 评价方法 $ \sum\limits_{i=1}^{6}{B}_{i}\times {C}_{i}-{B}_{7}\times {C}_{7} $
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表 4 断层封堵性评价综合指数相关参数
Table 4. Relevant parameters of comprehensiva index for Fault Sealing Evaluation
断层力学背景 岩性对置 断储配置关系 SGR 断面正压力（MPa） 断储排替压力差（MPa） 滑动趋势 权重系数 0.03 0.16 0.03 0.24 0.17 0.28 0.09 评价分值 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.35 19.00 0.01 0.60 评价分值（归一化） 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.32 0.36 0.39 0.60 评价综合指数 0.317 5
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表 5 断层封闭性指标隶属度取值及权重系数
Table 5. Membership values and weight coefficients of the fault sealing ability index
影响因素 评价标志 隶属度 权重 断储配置关系 同向式断层 0 0.06 反向式断层 1 地堑 0.6 地垒 0.4 Y字型断层 0.5 岩性对置 大部分砂泥对接 1 0.06 砂砂对接小于50% 0.5 砂砂对接大于50% 0 砂岩含量 < 18% 1 0.19 18%~27% 0.5 > 27% 0 断层力学性质 压扭性断层 1 0.18 压性断层 0.8 扭性断层 0.5 张扭性断层 0.25 张性断层 0 断层活动时间 断层在成藏之后活动 1 0.19 断层在成藏之前活动 0 泥岩涂抹系统 < 1.68 1 0.07 1.68~2.0 0.5 > 2.0 0 断面正压力 > 30 1 0.25 16~30 0.6 12~16 0.3 < 12 0
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