Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of A-Type Granitoids in the Xingxingxia-Hongliujing Area, Eastern Tianshan
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摘要: 中亚造山带南缘的最终缝合时间目前还存在多种不同认识，而A型花岗岩能够为增生造山作用的终止时限提供关键约束.目前东天山南缘的A型花岗岩研究较为薄弱，本文以东天山星星峡‒红柳井地区新识别出的二长花岗岩、石英闪长岩和正长花岗岩3种二叠纪A型花岗质岩石为研究对象，进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、微量元素和岩石地球化学分析.所有二叠纪花岗质岩石都具有高硅（71.32%~76.35%）、富碱（Na2O+K2O=5.67%~9.18%）、弱过铝质（A/CNK=0.85~0.98）和铁质（FeOT/MgO=5.52~21.28）的特征.较为富集Pb、Hf、Zr、Sm，亏损P、Ti、Nb，Ga含量较高（18.2×10‒6~31.1×10‒6），Ga/Al > 2.6.稀土元素总量较低（∑REE=77.67×10‒6~271.82×10‒6），轻稀土较重稀土富集（LREE/HREE=2.82~16.26），其中二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩呈现出较明显的Eu负异常（δEu=0.16~0.84），石英闪长岩呈弱Eu负异常或正异常（δEu=0.85~1.20）.二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为（273.3±1.9）Ma和（273.4±3.4）Ma. A型花岗质岩石成岩物质主要来源于星星峡岩群，有少量的地幔物质贡献，二长花岗岩与正长花岗岩经历了斜长石分离结晶作用，而石英闪长岩斜长石分离结晶较弱.与正长花岗岩、石英闪长岩共生的二长花岗岩还经历了锆石分离结晶作用，锆石δEu负异常受氧逸度影响较大，独立产出的二长花岗岩还经历了榍石、磷灰石的分离结晶作用.在东天山地区307~284 Ma和273 Ma两期A型花岗岩分别形成于前缘挤压而后缘滞后拉张的背景以及后碰撞拉张环境.中亚造山带南缘的东段于~273 Ma已进入后碰撞伸展阶段，最终碰撞作用应早于273 Ma.Abstract: Time of terminal accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is still controversial, and A-type granite in the southern margin of the CAOB can provide critical constraints on the termination of collision. However, the A-type granite in the southern margin of eastern Tianshan remains insufficiently studied. Three kinds of newly identified A-type granitoids, monzogranite, quartz diorite and syenogranite, were reported in this paper and zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating, trace elements as well as petrogeochemical analysis were conducted. All these granitoids are characterized by high SiO2 (71.32%-76.35%), alkali (Na2O+K2O=5.67%-9.18%), being metaluminous (molar A/CNK=0.85-0.98) and ferroan (FeOT/MgO=5.52-21.28). The granitoids are enriched in Pb, Hf, Zr, Sm, but depleted in P, Ti, Nb, with high Ga value (18.2×10-6-31.1×10-6) and Ga/Al > 2.6. In addition, these granitoids have ΣREE of 77.67×10-6-271.82×10-6, LREE/HREE of 2.82-16.26, (La/Yb)N of 1.80-21.89. Eu anomalies are obviously positive (δEu=0.16-0.84) for both Monzogranite and syenogranite but weakly negative or positive (δEu=0.85-1.20) for the quartz diorite. Monzogranite and syenogranite rather than quartz diorite experienced obvious crystalline fractionation of plagioclase. Monzogranite associated with syenogranite and quartz diorite was also subjected to fractional crystalization of zircon, while the independent one experienced separation of sphene and apatite. Zircon U-Pb dating of monzogranite yields crystallization ages of (273.3±1.9) Ma and (273.4±3.4) Ma. These geochemical features indicate that the primary magma of these A-type granitoids most likely originated from the Xingxingxia complex with minor mantle component, and underwent a fractional crystallization. There exist two distinguished ranges of 307-284 Ma and 273 Ma for A-type granitoids in the Tianshan Orogen, and the elder formed in partial extension environment during the compression period while the younger were emplaced in post-collision background. The eastern section of the southern CAOB had been in post-collision environment in ~273 Ma, and final collision between the eastern section of CAOB and the Tarim Plate should be earlier than 273 Ma.
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Key words:
- eastern Tianshan /
- A-type granite /
- CAOB /
- central Tianshan Orogen /
- Xingxingxia /
- Paleo-Asian Ocean /
- geochemistry /
- petrology
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图 1 中亚造山带地质简图（a; 据Xiao et al., 2010a修改）和东天山地质简图（b; 据Zhang et al., 2016a修改）
断裂名称：1.卡拉麦里断裂；2.阿齐克库都克‒沙泉子断裂；3.库米什断裂；4.卡瓦布拉克断裂；5.星星峡断裂；6.红柳河‒牛圈子断裂
Fig. 1. Tectonic sketch of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) (a; modified after Xiao et al., 2010a) and eastern Tianshan area (b; modified after Zhang et al., 2016a)
图 3 二叠纪花岗质岩石野外照片
a.二叠纪二长花岗岩中天湖岩群黑云斜长片麻岩残留体；b.二叠纪二长花岗岩侵入天湖岩群黑云斜长片麻岩；c.二叠纪石英闪长岩中镁铁质包体；d.二叠纪正长花岗岩沿天湖岩群和星星峡岩群接触界面侵入
Fig. 3. Field photographs of Permian granitoids in the Xingxingxia-Hongliujing area
图 4 二叠纪花岗质岩石野外露头和镜下照片
a.二长花岗岩野外露头；b.二长花岗岩镜下照片；c.石英闪长岩野外露头；d.石英闪长岩镜下照片；e.正长花岗岩野外露头；f.正长花岗岩镜下照片. 矿物缩写：Bt.黑云母；Kfs.钾长石；Pl.斜长石；Q.石英
Fig. 4. Field outcrops and microphotographs of Permian granitoids in the Xingxingxia-Hongliujing area
图 5 二叠纪花岗质岩石主量元素判别图解
a.（Na2O+K2O‒CaO）-SiO2图解；b. FeO/（FeO+MgO）-SiO2图解，底图据Frost et al.（2001）
Fig. 5. Geochemical classification diagrams for Permian granitoids in the Xingxingxia-Hongliujing area
图 6 二叠纪花岗质岩石岩性判别图解
a.火山岩Ce-Zr/TiO2判别图解，据Winchester and Floyd（1977）；b.火成岩R1-R2判别图解，据Roche et al.（1980）. 1.碱性辉长岩（碱性玄武岩）；2.橄榄辉长岩（橄榄玄武岩）；3.辉长苏长岩（拉斑玄武岩）；4.正长辉长岩（粗石玄武岩）；5.二长辉长岩（粗安玄武岩）；6.辉长岩（玄武岩）；7.闪长正长岩（橄榄安粗岩）；8.二长岩（安粗岩）；9.二长闪长岩（粗安岩）；10.闪长岩（安山岩）；11.霞石正长岩（粗石质响岩）；12.正长岩（粗石岩）；13.石英正长岩（石英粗石岩）；14.石英二长岩（石英安粗岩）；15.英云闪长岩（英安岩）；16.碱性花岗岩（碱性流纹岩）；17.钾长花岗岩（流纹岩）；18.二长花岗岩（英安流纹岩）；19.花岗闪长岩（流纹英安岩）；20.霓辉二长岩（碱玄岩）；21.橄榄岩（苦橄岩）；22.霞霓岩（苦橄霞玄岩）；23.企猎岩（碧玄岩）；24.霓霞岩（霞石岩）；25.厄赛岩（响岩质碱玄岩）；26.霞石正长岩（响岩）.R1＝4Si‒11（Na+K）‒2（Fe+Ti）；R2＝6Ca+2Mg+Al
Fig. 6. Classification diagrams for Permian granitoids in the Xingxingxia-Hongliujing area
图 7 二叠纪花岗质岩石蛛网图
a.微量元素蛛网图，原始地幔数据来自Sun and Mc Donough（1989）；b.稀土元素蛛网图，球粒陨石数据来自Boynton（1984）
Fig. 7. Primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams (a) and chondrite-normalized REE patterns (b) for Permian granitoids in the Xingxingxia-Hongliujing area
图 8 二叠纪花岗质岩石锆石微量元素图解
a. 锆石稀土元素蛛网图，球粒陨石数据来自Boynton（1984）；b. δEu-Hf图解；c. δEu-δCe图解；d. δEu-Y/Dy图解；e. δEu-Sm/Yb图解；f. δEu-Zf/Hf图解
Fig. 8. Binary plot for Permian granitoids in the Xingxingxia-Hongliujing area
图 9 二叠纪花岗质岩石锆石阴极发光图像
Fig. 9. Cathodoluminescene (CL) images of zircons of Permian granitoids from the Xingxingxia-Hongliujing area
图 10 二叠纪花岗质岩石LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图
Fig. 10. Concordia diagrams for LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of Permian granitoids from the Xingxingxia-Hongliujing area
图 11 二叠纪花岗质岩石A/I型花岗岩判别图解（底图据Whalen et al., 1987）
Fig. 11. Classification diagrams of A-type and I-type granite for Permian granitoids in the Xingxingxia-Hongliujing area (after Whalen et al., 1987)
图 12 二叠纪花岗质岩石CaO/(MgO+TFeO)-Al2O3/(MgO+TFeO)图解
底图据Altherr et al.（2000）修改；星星峡岩群数据来自卞翔等（2016）、贺昕宇等（2021）；新元古代（Pt3）花岗岩数据来自贺昕宇，未发表；红土堡花岗岩数据来自杜龙（2018）
Fig. 12. CaO/(MgO+TFeO) versus Al2O3/(MgO+TFeO) diagram for Permian granitoids in the Xingxingxia-Hongliujing area
图 13 二叠纪花岗质岩石构造环境判别图解
红土堡花岗岩数据据杜龙（2018）；红柳井北花岗岩数据据温定军（2019）. a. Rb/Zr-SiO2图解，底图据Harris et al.（1986）；b. Rb-（Y+Nb）图解，底图据Pearce（1996）；c. TFeO/（TFeO+MgO）-SiO2图解，底图据Maniar and Piccoli（1989）；d. Rb/Nb-Y/Nb图解，底图据Eby（1992）.图中缩写：IAG. 岛弧；CAG. 大陆弧；CCG. 大陆碰撞；POG. 造山后；RRG. 与裂谷有关；CEUG. 造陆抬升
Fig. 13. Tectonic setting discrimination diagrams for Permian granitoids in the Xingxingxia-Hongliujing Area
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