Further Understanding of Relationship between Fault Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Binchang Area, Ordos Basin
-
摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地南部断裂构造发育特征及其与油气成藏的关系是被关注了很久然而未得到充分理解的问题.一种观点认为是一个断裂构造不发育的地区，致使该区油气勘探以地层‒岩性油气藏为主.随着3D地震勘探展开，发现研究区发育大量的倾角大、垂直断距小、分期活动的走滑断裂.以鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘彬长地区断裂为研究对象，通过地震资料分析了断裂几何学和运动学特征，探讨了断裂构造与油气成藏关系.研究表明，纵向上研究区可划分为3个构造层：下构造层(Tg-T9)、中构造层(T9-T5)和上构造层(T5以上).3个构造层的断裂发育具有明显的差异性，同时也具有一定的相似性和继承性.下构造层主要受加里东‒海西运动影响，中构造层主要受印支和燕山期运动影响，上构造层主要受燕山‒喜山运动影响.研究区的主断裂具有明显的分段性活动特征.分层分布的断裂体系与T9、T5两大区域不整合面控制了研究区古生界和中生界两大油气成藏系统.断层、裂缝的广泛发育既为致密‒低渗储层提供了重要的渗流通道，班固发现的“洧水可燃”是沿断裂渗漏到地表的油苗所致，也是《梦溪笔谈》中阐述的“石油”成因，又是优质储集空间，在中生界形成了众多高产断缝体油藏，裂缝的发育程度及局部构造高点控制了断缝体油藏的高产富集.Abstract: The relationship between fault characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation in southern Ordos basin remains poorly understood though it has been a hot topic for a long time. It was thought that less faults are developed in southern Ordos basin, so stratigraphic and lithologic reservoirs are primary exploration target. However, lots of strike slip faults with big dip, small throws are found as exploration technology improves. Taking the strike-slip fault in Binchang area on the southwest margin of Ordos basin as the research object, using the fine anatomy of fault geometry and kinematics characteristics, combined with the basin structural evolution characteristics, the fault activity period is determined, and the relationship between the structural characteristics of strike-slip fault and hydrocarbon accumulation is discussed. The study shows that the study area can be divided into three structural layers vertically: lower structural layer (Tg‒T9), middle structural layer (T9‒T5), and upper structural layer (above T5). The fault characteristics of the three structural layers show obvious differences, but also have certain similarity and inheritance. The lower structural layer is mainly influenced by Caledonian and Hercynian movements, the middle structural layer is mainly influenced by Indosinian movement, and the upper structural layer is mainly influenced by Yanshanian and Himalayan movements. In general, the development of NEE faults in the study area is obviously inherited and strengthened from bottom to top, while the development of NW faults is gradually weakened. The present fault patterns were mainly formed in the Yanshanian period. In addition, the major fault in the study area is obviously characterized by segmental activity. The complex fault system and the two regional unconformities (T9 and T5) control the Paleozoic and Mesozoic hydrocarbon accumulation systems in the study area. Plenty of faults and fractures provided the seepage channels and storage space for the Mesozoic tight reservoirs with low permeability, resulting in the formation of lots of fault-fracture clastic reservoirs. The fracture development level and local structural high points control the high-yield and enrichment of fault-fracture clastic reservoirs.
-
Key words:
- strike-slip fault /
- activity period /
- fault-fracture clastic reservoir /
- Binchang area /
- Ordos basin /
- tectonics /
- petroleum geology
-
图 1 彬长地区构造位置及中生界主要断裂分布
a. 鄂尔多斯盆地构造单元划分；b.彬长地区中生界断裂分布
Fig. 1. Tectonic location and main Mesozoic faults in the Binchang area
图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地南部地层综合柱状图与油气显示
据中国石油地质志及2021年与郭正权交流资料修编
Fig. 2. Comprehensive histogram of strata in southern Ordos basin
图 4 彬长地区不同层位断裂分布
a. Tg界面；b.T9界面；c.T6c界面；d.T5；e.T3界面
Fig. 4. Fault distribution map of different strata in the Binchang area
图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代应力场分布
据党转(2003).a.印支期; b.燕山期; c.喜山期
Fig. 6. Distribution map of Mesozoic and Cenozoic stress field in the Ordos basin
图 8 鄂尔多斯盆地两大油气成藏系统示意
Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of two major hydrocarbon accumulation systems in the Ordos basin
图 9 彬长地区地震剖面和成像测井反映的岩溶垮塌现象
a.地震剖面串珠状反射(剖面位置见图 1BB'); b.长探1井奥陶系地层成像测井
Fig. 9. Karst collapse reflected by seismic profile and imaging logging in Binchang area
图 10 彬长地区断缝体油藏发育模式
Fig. 10. Schematic diagram of fault-fracture reservoirs in the Binchang area
图 12 彬长地区长81水平段实钻裂隙段数与断层关系
图中蓝色线为连井剖面位置
Fig. 12. The relationship between the number of drilled fracture segments and faults in Chang 81 in Binchang area
图 13 彬长地区长81水平段实钻裂隙段数与日产油量关系
Fig. 13. Relationship between the number of drilled fracture sections and daily oil production of Chang 81 in Binchang area
-
Cao, H. X., Wu, H. Y., Ren, X. M., et al., 2020. Karst Paleogeomorphology and Reservoir Distribution Pattern of Ordovician in the Southeastern Ordos Basin. China Petroleum Exploration, 25(3): 146-155 (in Chinese with English abstract). Chen, G., Sun, J. B., Zhou, L. F., et al., 2007. Fission⁃Track⁃Age Records of the Mesozoic Tectonic⁃Events in the Southwest Margin of the Ordos Basin, China. Science in China (Series D: Earth Sciences), 50(2): 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430⁃007⁃6025⁃y Chen, H. H., Zhu, X. M., Chen, C. F., et al., 2016. Characteristics of Source⁃Reservoir⁃Caprock Assemblage and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Yanchang Formation in Binchang Block, Ordos Basin. Lithologic Reservoirs, 28(2): 56-63 (in Chinese with English abstract). Chen, L., Lu, Y. C., Wu, J. Y., et al., 2015. Sedimentary Facies and Depositional Model of Shallow Water Delta Dominated by Fluvial for Chang 8 Oil⁃Bearing Group of Yanchang Formation in Southwestern Ordos Basin, China. Journal of Central South University, 22(12): 4749-4763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771⁃015⁃3027⁃3 Dai, J. Y., He, S. L., 2010. Discovery and Significance of Faults in the Mid Gasfield, Ordos Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 37(2): 188-195 (in Chinese with English abstract). Dang, B., 2003. The Tectonic and Sedimentary Evolution and Its Relationship to Gas Accumulation of Lower Paleozoic in Ordos Basin. Northwest University, Xi'an (in Chinese with English abstract). Deng, X. Q., Fu, J. H., Yao, J. L., et al., 2011. Sedimentary Facies of the Middle⁃Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin and Breakthrough in Petroleum Exploration. Journal of Palaeogeography, 13(4): 443-455 (in Chinese with English abstract). He, F. Q., Liang, C. C., Lu, C., et al., 2020. Identification and Description of Fault⁃Fracture Bodies in Tight and Low Permeability Reservoirs in Transitional Zone at the South Margin of Ordos Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 41(4): 710-718 (in Chinese with English abstract). He, F. Q., Qi, R., Wang, F. B., et al., 2021. Tectonic Genesis of Triassic Yanchang Formation Valley Systems, Southern Ordos Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 42(5): 1056-1062 (in Chinese with English abstract). Jiao, Y. X., Qiu, N. S., Li, W. Z., et al., 2013. The Mesozoic⁃Cenozoic Evolution of Lithospheric Thickness in the Ordos Basin Constrained by Geothermal Evidence. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 56(9): 3051-3060 (in Chinese with English abstract). Li, S. X., Deng, X. Q., Pang, J. L., et al., 2010. Relationship between Petroleum Accumulation of Mesozoic and Tectonic Movement in Ordos Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 28(4): 798-807 (in Chinese with English abstract). Liu, H. P., Zhao, Y. C., Luo, Y., et al., 2020. Origin of the Reservoir Quality Difference between Chang 8 and Chang 9 Member Sandstones in the Honghe Oil Field of the Southern Ordos Basin, China. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 185: 106668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106668 Liu, M. J., Mooney, W. D., Li, S. L., et al., 2006. Crustal Structure of the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau from the Songpan⁃Ganzi Terrane to the Ordos Basin. Tectonophysics, 420(1/2): 253-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.025 Liu, X. P., Zhao, H. T., Yan, X. X., et al., 2019. The Geological Characteristics of Tight Sandstone Gas and Exploration Target Evaluation in the Craton Basin: Case Study of the Upper Palaeozoic of Ordos Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience, 30(3): 331-343 (in Chinese with English abstract). Liu, Z., Yao, X., Hu, X. D., et al., 2013. Discovery of the Mesozoic Fault and Its Implication on the Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Ordos Basin. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 35(2): 56-66 (in Chinese with English abstract). Pan, J., Liu, Z. Q., Pu, R. H., et al., 2017. Fault Characteristics and Oil⁃Controlling Effects in Zhenyuan⁃Jingchuan District, Southwestern Ordos Basin. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 52(2): 360-370, 196-197 (in Chinese with English abstract). Ren, Z. L., Qi, K., Liu, R. C., et al., 2020. Dynamic Background of Early Cretaceous Tectonic Thermal Events and Its Control on Various Mineral Accumulations such as Oil and Gas in the Ordos Basin. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 36(4): 1213-1234 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.18654/1000-0569/2020.04.15 Wang, W. F., Zhou, W. W., Shan, X. J., et al., 2015. Characteristics of Hidden Fault Zone and Its Significance in Geology in Sedimentary Basin. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 46(6): 2236-2243 (in Chinese with English abstract). Wang, Z. L., Wei, L., Wang, X. Z., et al., 2016. Process and Mechanism of Gas Accumulation in Lower Paleozoic in Yan'an Area of Ordos Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 37(S1): 99-110 (in Chinese with English abstract). Wu, Q. Z., Wang, T. H., Li, M. J., et al., 1997. Tectonic Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Petroliferous Basins in China. Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing, 1-361 (in Chinese). Xi, K. L., Cao, Y. C., Liu, K. Y., et al., 2019. Diagenesis of Tight Sandstone Reservoirs in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, Southwestern Ordos Basin, China. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 99: 548-562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.10.031 Xu, J. H., Cheng, L. S., Bao, P., et al., 2007. Reservoir Characteristics of Yanchang Formation, in Triassic, Ordos Basin. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University, 29(5): 13-17, 195 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xu, L. M., Zhou, L. F., Zhang, Y. K., et al., 2006. Characteristics and Tectonic Setting of Tectono⁃Stress Field of Ordos Basin. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 30(4): 455-462 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xu, X. Y., Wang, W. F., Chen, M., 2019. Characteristics of Faults and Their Significance in Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Ordos Basin. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 48(4): 830-841 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang, G. W., Meng, Q. R., Yu, Z. P., et al., 1996. Orogenesis and Dynamics of the Qinling Orogen. Science in China(Series D: Earth Sciences), 26(3): 193-200 (in Chinese). Zhang, Y. Y., Ren, Z. L., He, F. Q., et al., 2020. Meso⁃ Cenozoic Structural Characteristics and Their Reservoir Controls of Structural Transition Area in China Craton: A Case Study of Yanchang Formation in Zhenjing Area of Southwestern Ordos Basin. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 36(11): 3537-3549 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang, Y. Y., Ren, Z. L., Yang, G. L., et al., 2021. Characteristics and Petroleum Geological Significances of Mesozoic Faults in the Southern Section of Tianhuan Depression. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 50(2): 318-328 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhao, W. Z., Hu, S. Y., Wang, Z. C., et al., 2003. Key Role of Basement Fault Control on Oil Accumulation of Yanchang Formation, Uppe Triassic, Ordos Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 30(5): 1-5 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zheng, J. M., You, J., He, D. B., 2008. Comparison between Control Factors of High Quality Continental Reservoirs in Bohai Bay Basin and Ordos Basin. Frontiers of Earth Science in China, 2(1): 83-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707⁃008⁃0002⁃4 Zhu, R. X., Chen, L., Wu, F. Y., et al., 2011. Timing, Scale and Mechanism of the Destruction of the North China Craton. Science in China (Series D: Earth Sciences), 41(5): 583-592 (in Chinese). 曹红霞, 吴海燕, 任星民, 等, 2020. 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部奥陶系岩溶古地貌与储层分布规律. 中国石油勘探, 25(3): 146-155. 陈贺贺, 朱筱敏, 陈纯芳, 等, 2016. 鄂尔多斯盆地彬长区块延长组生储盖组合与油气富集特征. 岩性油气藏, 28(2): 56-63. 代金友, 何顺利, 2010. 鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田断层发现及其意义. 石油勘探与开发, 37(2): 188-195. 党犇, 2003. 鄂尔多斯盆地构造沉积演化与下古生界天然气聚集关系研究. 西安: 西北大学. 邓秀芹, 付金华, 姚泾利, 等, 2011. 鄂尔多斯盆地中及上三叠统延长组沉积相与油气勘探的突破. 古地理学报, 13(4): 443-455. 何发岐, 梁承春, 陆骋, 等, 2020. 鄂尔多斯盆地南缘过渡带致密‒低渗油藏断缝体的识别与描述. 石油与天然气地质, 41(4): 710-718. 何发岐, 齐荣, 王付斌, 等, 2021. 鄂尔多斯盆地南部三叠系延长组沟谷体系构造成因. 石油与天然气地质, 42(5): 1056-1062. 焦亚先, 邱楠生, 李文正, 等, 2013. 鄂尔多斯盆地中‒新生代岩石圈厚度演化: 来自地热学的证据. 地球物理学报, 56(9): 3051-3060. 李士祥, 邓秀芹, 庞锦莲, 等, 2010. 鄂尔多斯盆地中生界油气成藏与构造运动的关系. 沉积学报, 28(4): 798-807. 刘晓鹏, 赵会涛, 闫小雄, 等, 2019. 克拉通盆地致密气成藏地质特征与勘探目标优选: 以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界为例. 天然气地球科学, 30(3): 331-343. 刘震, 姚星, 胡晓丹, 等, 2013. 鄂尔多斯盆地中生界断层的发现及其对成藏的意义. 地球科学与环境学报, 35(2): 56-66. 潘杰, 刘忠群, 蒲仁海, 等, 2017. 鄂尔多斯盆地镇原‒泾川地区断层特征及控油意义. 石油地球物理勘探, 52(2): 360-370, 196-197. 任战利, 祁凯, 刘润川, 等, 2020. 鄂尔多斯盆地早白垩世构造热事件形成动力学背景及其对油气等多种矿产成藏(矿)期的控制作用. 岩石学报, 36(4): 1213-1234. 王伟锋, 周维维, 单新建, 等, 2015. 沉积盆地隐性断裂带特征及其地质意义. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 46(6): 2236-2243. 王震亮, 魏丽, 王香增, 等, 2016. 鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区下古生界天然气成藏过程和机理. 石油学报, 37(S1): 99-110. 吴奇之, 王同和, 李明杰, 等, 1997. 中国油气盆地构造演化与油气聚集. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 1-361. 许建红, 程林松, 鲍朋, 等, 2007. 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组油藏地质特征. 西南石油大学学报, 29(5): 13-17, 195. 徐黎明, 周立发, 张义楷, 等, 2006. 鄂尔多斯盆地构造应力场特征及其构造背景. 大地构造与成矿学, 30(4): 455-462. 徐兴雨, 王伟锋, 陈谋, 2019. 鄂尔多斯盆地断裂特征及其石油地质意义. 中国矿业大学学报, 48(4): 830-841. 张国伟, 孟庆任, 于在平, 等, 1996. 秦岭造山带的造山过程及其动力学特征. 中国科学(D辑: 地球科学), 26(3): 193-200. 张园园, 任战利, 何发岐, 等, 2020. 克拉通盆地构造转折区中‒新生界构造特征及其控藏意义: 以鄂尔多斯盆地西南部镇泾地区延长组为例. 岩石学报, 36(11): 3537-3549. 张园园, 任战利, 杨桂林, 等, 2021. 天环坳陷南段中生界断裂特征及其石油地质意义. 中国矿业大学学报, 50(2): 318-328. 赵文智, 胡素云, 汪泽成, 等, 2003. 鄂尔多斯盆地基底断裂在上三叠统延长组石油聚集中的控制作用. 石油勘探与开发, 30(5): 1-5. 朱日祥, 陈凌, 吴福元, 等, 2011. 华北克拉通破坏的时间、范围与机制. 中国科学(D辑: 地球科学), 41(5): 583-592. -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(14)
计量
- 文章访问数: 403
- HTML全文浏览量: 125
- PDF下载量: 62
- 被引次数: 0
