Did Grenvillian Orogeny ever Happen in Tarim Craton? Evidence from Detrital Zircon Chronology
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摘要: 近年来，有学者认为塔里木克拉通经历过格林威尔期造山运动，但相关的岩浆、变质证据比较缺乏.造山事件会为附近的盆地提供大量碎屑物质，因此也会在碎屑锆石记录中有所反映.对塔西南铁克里克地区和塔东北库鲁克塔格地区新元古界的7件砂岩样品进行了碎屑锆石U-Pb定年，获得了1 135组碎屑锆石年龄数据.塔西南南华系的波龙组和雨塘组均发育有冰碛岩，通过碎屑锆石记录得到其最大沉积年龄分别为693.2±3.3 Ma和642.7±4.4 Ma，由此推测波龙组形成于Sturtian冰期，而雨塘组形成于Marinoan冰期.此外，结合前人发表的数据，整理得到完整的塔里木克拉通新元古界碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄数据库.数据分析显示：碎屑锆石年龄主要分布在700~900 Ma和1 800~2 100 Ma两个区间内，与典型的格林威尔期造山活动的时间980~1 250 Ma不符；阿克苏、库鲁克塔格和铁克里克3个露头区新元古界碎屑岩的物源区存在显著差异，表明在南华纪-震旦纪不存在全盆统一的物源，这与当时克拉通内发育大型造山带的假设不符.综上所述，通过对碎屑锆石记录的分析，认为格林威尔期的陆-陆碰撞型造山运动在塔里木克拉通的影响不显著.Abstract: In recent years, it has been suggested that a Grenvillian orogenic belt developed in the Tarim Craton. However, associated magmatic and metamorphic evidence is absence. An orogeny provides massive detritus for the nearby basin, and hence would be reflected in the detrital zircon records.In this study, seven Neoproterozoic sandstone samples were obtained in the Tieklik area (Southwest Tarim) and the Quruqtagh area (Northeast Tarim), and studied through detrital zircon U-Pb dating. A total of 1 135 detrital zircon age data were obtained. In the Nanhua System, there are tillites in the Bolong Formation and Yutang Formation in the Southwest Tarim. The maximum depositional ages constrained by the detrital zircon records are 693.2±3.3 Ma and 642.7±4.4 Ma, respectively. Therefore, the Bolong tillite and the Yutang tillite can be correlated with the Sturtian glaciation and the Marinoan glaciation, respectively. Besides, previously published data were integrated to form a complete detrital zircon U-Pb age database of the Neoproterozoic in the Tarim craton. It shows that the detrital zircon ages are mainly distributed in the ranges of 700-900 Ma and 1 800-2 100 Ma, which is inconsistent with the age range of 980-1 250 Ma for the Grenvillian orogeny.Besides, the provenances of the Neoproterozoic clastic rocks in the three outcrop areas, i.e., the Aksu, Quruqtagh and Tieklik areas, are significantly different. It indicates that there were more than one source regions during the Nanhua-Sinian periods, which contradicts the hypothesis of a large-scale orogen across the craton. In brief, this study concludes from the detrital zircon records that no Grenvillian collisional orogen developed in the Tarim craton.
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Key words:
- Tarim craton /
- detrital zircon /
- Neoproterozoic /
- Grenvillian orogen /
- structural geology
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图 1 塔里木克拉通及周边地质简图(据Xu et al., 2013a修改)
Fig. 1. Simplified map of the Tarim craton and adjacent area (modified from Xu et al., 2013a)
图 2 铁克里克地区波龙组野外照片
图a缺少层理，图b和图c可见坠石、冻裂纹等指示冰川成因的构造
Fig. 2. Field pictures of the Bolong Formation
图 3 采样地区地质简图
a.塔西南铁克里克地区（Wang et al., 2015修改）；b.塔东北库鲁克塔格地区（据He et al., 2014a修改）
Fig. 3. Simplified map of sample area
图 5 铁克里克地区与库鲁克塔格地区新元古界砂岩样品的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄
Fig. 5. Histograms and kernel density estimate curves of detrital zircon U-Pb ages from the sandstones in the Tieklik and Quruqtagh areas
图 6 塔里木克拉通不同露头区的新元古界地层柱
年龄数据来自：1. He et al.（2014a）；2. Xu et al.（2009）；3. Xu et al.（2013b）
Fig. 6. Stratigraphic columns of Neoproterozoic in different areas in the Tarim craton
图 7 塔里木克拉通新元古界碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄的总体分布
格林威尔期与泛非期造山带的时间段数据分别来自Rivers（2015）和Meert（2003）
Fig. 7. The overall distribution of the detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the Neoproterozoic in the Tarim craton
图 8 阿克苏、库鲁克塔格以及铁克里克地区南华系和震旦系的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布
n =年龄点数（样品数）
Fig. 8. The distribution of detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the Nanhua and Sinian systems in the Aksu, Quruqtagh and Tieklik areas
图 9 不同地区同时代样品碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布的2D-MDS图
Fig. 9. 2D-MDS diagrams for detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra of coeval samples from different areas
表 1 塔里木克拉通新元古界碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄数据汇总
Table 1. Summary of detrital zircon U-Pb age data of the Neoproterozoic in the Tarim craton
露头区 年代 样品号 地层 测试数量 数据来源 阿克苏地区 震旦系 10W07 苏盖特布拉克组 77 He et al., 2014a 10A03 苏盖特布拉克组 87 He et al., 2014a 10A04 苏盖特布拉克组 74 He et al., 2014a WSL4 苏盖特布拉克组 79 Li et al., 2015 Y37 苏盖特布拉克组 86 Wu et al., 2018 07A-33 苏盖特布拉克组 57 Zhu et al., 2011 07A-34 苏盖特布拉克组 60 Zhu et al., 2011 SA19-5 苏盖特布拉克组 149 Yi et al.，2022 SA19-7 苏盖特布拉克组 148 Yi et al., 2022 YN19-19 苏盖特布拉克组 146 Yi et al., 2022 南华系 YN19-16 尤尔美纳克组 146 Yi et al., 2022 YN19-21 尤尔美纳克组 126 Yi et al., 2022 10W06 尤尔美纳克组 76 He et al., 2014a 13A01 尤尔美纳克组 73 He et al., 2014a Y-YB1 尤尔美纳克组 91 Vandyk et al., 2019 YR-1 尤尔美纳克组 80 Ding et al., 2015 南华系 15A14 冬屋组 61 Lu et al., 2017 10W01 冬屋组 70 He et al., 2014a 10W05 冬屋组 70 He et al., 2014a QE-3 冬屋组 62 Ding et al., 2015 YN19-18 冬屋组 116 Yi et al., 2022 10W04 牧羊滩组 73 He et al., 2014a QE-2 牧羊滩组 75 Ding et al., 2015 10W03 东巧恩布拉克组 79 He et al., 2014a YN19-13 东巧恩布拉克组 121 Yi et al., 2022 YN19-27 西方山组 110 Yi et al., 2022 YN19-9 西方山组 124 Yi et al., 2022 YN19-6 西方山组 152 Yi et al., 2022 YN19-5 西方山组 164 Yi et al., 2022 QE-1 西方山组 46 Ding et al., 2015 Q72 西方山组 83 Wu et al., 2018 库鲁克塔格地区 震旦系 KL-24 水泉组 92 Ren et al., 2020 KL-20 育肯沟组 78 Ren et al., 2020 KL-37 扎摩克提组 100 Ren et al., 2020 QR19-5 扎摩克提组 109 本文 南华系 QR19-3 阿勒通沟组 115 本文 QR19-4 阿勒通沟组 114 本文 11K24 阿勒通沟组 40 He et al., 2014b 11K26 阿勒通沟组 77 He et al., 2014b 10K07 阿勒通沟组 93 He et al., 2014b 10K09 阿勒通沟组 73 He et al., 2014b 11K19 贝义西组 76 He et al., 2014b 09DPL25 贝义西组 81 张英利等，2011 铁克里克地区 震旦系 XZ19-5 库尔卡克组 157 本文 南华系 XZ19-7 雨塘组 249 本文 X5 雨塘组 101 Wu et al., 2019 2013TR08 克里西组 69 Zhang et al., 2016 XZ19-4 克里西组 158 本文 XZ19-1 波龙组 171 本文 XZ19-2 波龙组 62 本文 X3 波龙组 96 Wu et al., 2019 2015D27 波龙组 64 Zhang et al., 2016 2015D28 波龙组 61 Zhang et al., 2016 X1 牙拉古孜组 81 Wu et al., 2019 10TK-75 恰克马克力克群 96 Wang et al., 2015 12TK-14 恰克马克力克群 67 Wang et al., 2015 
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表 2 不同地区同时代样品碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布K-S测试结果
Table 2. K-S test for detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra of coeval samples from different areas
阿克苏南华系 库鲁克塔格南华系 铁克里克南华系 阿克苏震旦系 库鲁克塔格震旦系 铁克里克震旦系 阿克苏南华系 - 0 0 - - - 库鲁克塔格南华系 0.331 69 - 0 - - - 铁克里克南系华 0.503 64 0.333 00 - - - - 阿克苏震旦系 - - - - 0.000 19 0 库鲁克塔格震旦系 - - - 0.129 33 - 0.000 51 铁克里克震旦系 - - - 0.260 42 0.190 68 -
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