Method of Fracture Characterization and Productivity Prediction of 19⁃6 Buried⁃Hill Fractured Reservoirs, Bohai Bay Basin
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摘要: 由于渤中19⁃6气田潜山裂缝性储层的储集空间多样、非均质性很强，且制约产能的主控因素认识不清，从而造成潜山裂缝性储层的产能预测困难. 为了解决这一难题，综合岩心、测井、地质等资料分析了潜山裂缝性储层的特征，并基于CT扫描实验定量表征裂缝，研究裂缝微观特征，形成了以裂缝渗透率为核心的一系列裂缝参数的计算方法，建立了潜山裂缝性储层的产能预测模型，大幅提高了潜山裂缝性储层的产能预测精度. 研究结果表明，潜山裂缝性储层的裂缝渗透率主要由裂缝的长度、宽度及连通性控制，与孔隙度的大小无明显关系，可以通过斯通利波反演的总渗透率与基质渗透率之差计算得到，其中基质渗透率计算的相对误差为28.50%，总渗透率计算的相对误差为15.56%；综合考虑潜山裂缝性储层的裂缝渗透率、裂缝纵向连通性和有效厚度，建立了渤中19⁃6气田潜山裂缝性储层的产能预测模型，其中裂缝渗透率计算结果的准确性决定了潜山裂缝性储层产能预测结果的可靠性.Abstract: In Bozhong 19⁃6 gas field, due to the different types of reservoir spaces, strong heterogeneity, and unclear of main controlling factor of productivity of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs, which makes it difficult to predict the productivity. In order to solve this problem, the characteristics of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs are analyzed based on core, logging, geological and other data. Additionally, based on the CT scan experiment, the fractures can be quantitatively characterized and a series of calculation methods of fracture parameters including fracture permeability are formed. As a result, the productivity prediction model for buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs is established and the problem of productivity prediction of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs is solved. The research results show that the fracture permeability of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs is mainly controlled by the length, width and connectivity of the fractures, and has no obvious relationship with the porosity. Then, the fracture permeability can be calculated from the difference between the total permeability obtained by Stoneley wave inversion and the matrix permeability. The relative errors of matrix permeability and total permeability calculations are respectively 28.50% and 15.56%. Based on the fracture permeability, fracture longitudinal connectivity and effective thickness of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs, the productivity prediction model for buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs can be established in Bozhong 19⁃6 gas field. The accuracy of fracture permeability calculation result determines the reliability of productivity prediction result of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs.
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图 1 潜山裂缝性储层岩石矿物定量分析扫描图像
a. 扫描区域27×27 mm，扫描精度25 μm；b. 扫描区域1×1 mm，扫描精度1 μm
Fig. 1. Quantitative analysis of minerals in buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs
图 2 不同类型潜山裂缝性储层的铸体薄片
a. 孔隙为主，裂缝为辅；b. 裂缝为主，孔隙为辅
Fig. 2. Cast thin sections of different types of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs
图 3 不同类型潜山裂缝性储层的电成像图像
a. 裂缝-孔隙型储层；b. 孔隙-裂缝型储层
Fig. 3. Electrical image logging of different types of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs
图 4 不同类型潜山裂缝性储层储集空间的扫描图像
a. 裂缝；b. 粒间孔；c. 溶蚀孔
Fig. 4. Scanned images of reservoir spaces of different types of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs
图 5 A井1号岩心样品的微米CT扫描图像
a. 岩心样品的全貌；b. 岩心样品的储集空间
Fig. 5. Micron CT scan image of No.1 core sample of well A
图 7 B井1号岩心样品的微米CT扫描图像
a. 岩心样品的全貌；b. 岩心样品的储集空间
Fig. 7. Micron CT scan image of No.1 core sample of well B
图 9 A井1号岩心样品的纳米CT扫描图像
a. 岩心样品的全貌；b. 岩心样品的储集空间；c. 岩心样品的储集空间网络模型
Fig. 9. Nano CT scan image of No.1 core sample of well A
图 10 B井1号岩心样品的纳米CT扫描图像
a. 岩心样品的全貌；b. 岩心样品的储集空间；c. 岩心样品的储集空间网络模型
Fig. 10. Nano CT scan image of No.1 core sample of well B
图 12 E井潜山裂缝性储层测井解释成果图
Fig. 12. Logging interpretation result of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs in well E
图 13 潜山裂缝性储层产能与有效厚度、总渗透率之间的关系
Fig. 13. Relationship between productivity, effective thickness and total permeability of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs
图 14 A井、B井潜山裂缝性储层的孔隙度与裂缝渗透率之间的关系
Fig. 14. Relationship between porosity and fracture permeability of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs in wells A and B
图 15 D井、E井潜山裂缝性储层的孔隙度与裂缝渗透率之间的关系
Fig. 15. Relationship between porosity and fracture permeability of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs in wells D and E
图 16 潜山裂缝性储层的孔隙度、总渗透率、裂缝渗透率之间的关系
Fig. 16. Relationship between porosity, total permeability and fracture permeability of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs
图 17 潜山裂缝性储层的产能预测模型
Fig. 17. Productivity prediction model of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs
图 18 潜山裂缝性储层产能预测模型应用效果
Fig. 18. Application result of productivity prediction model of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs
表 1 A井1号岩心样品中的裂缝参数
Table 1. Fracture parameters of No.1 core sample of well A
裂缝序号 裂缝长度(mm) 裂缝宽度(mm) 裂缝面积(mm2) 裂缝体积(mm3) 1 0.09 0.02 0.01 0.000 05 2 18.45 3.32 102.00 2.850 00 3 0.19 0.08 0.04 0.000 43 4 0.49 0.12 0.19 0.002 46 5 3.94 0.61 6.44 0.129 00 6 0.60 0.12 0.24 0.004 05 7 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.000 01 8 0.20 0.07 0.03 0.000 26 9 0.82 0.15 0.41 0.006 65 10 0.44 0.13 0.20 0.004 33 11 0.29 0.09 0.07 0.000 86 12 0.07 0.05 0.01 0.000 04 13 0.09 0.04 0.01 0.000 06 14 0.17 0.07 0.02 0.000 18 15 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.000 04 
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表 2 B井1号岩心样品中的裂缝参数
Table 2. Fracture parameters of No.1 core sample of well B
裂缝序号 裂缝长度(mm) 裂缝宽度(mm) 裂缝面积(mm2) 裂缝体积(mm3) 1 7.35 2.29 38.10 0.904 69 2 10.81 3.90 80.48 6.433 83 3 6.20 1.93 33.72 1.856 04
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表 3 A、B井岩心样品的裂缝参数
Table 3. Fracture parameters of core samples of well A and B
样品号 总面孔率 裂缝面孔率 孔隙面孔率 裂缝占总面孔率百分比 裂缝总长度(mm) 裂缝总宽度(mm) 裂缝总面积(mm2) 裂缝总体积(mm3) 渗透率(mD) A井1号样品 4.33% 0.17% 4.16% 3.93% 25.96 4.92 109.68 3.00 0.10 B井1号样品 5.34% 1.10% 4.23% 20.60% 24.36 8.12 152.30 9.19 0.73
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表 4 渤中19⁃6气田5口井潜山裂缝性储层的孔隙、裂缝介质的孔隙度和渗透率
Table 4. Porosity and permeability of pore and fracture of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs of 5 wells in Bozhong 19⁃6 gas field
井号 孔隙度 裂缝孔隙度 总渗透率（mD） 裂缝渗透率（mD） A井 3.00% 0.50% 1.40 1.04 B井 3.30% 0.20% 0.30 0.20 C井 4.20% 0.50% 1.70 1.20 D井 5.60% 0.50% 2.60 2.30 E井 8.30% 0.60% 2.30 2.00
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表 5 渤中19⁃6气田5口井潜山裂缝性储层的孔隙度、渗透率、有效厚度和净毛比
Table 5. Porosity, permeability, effective thickness and net⁃to⁃gross ratio of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs of 5 wells in Bozhong 19⁃6 gas field
类型 井号 顶深(m) 底深(m) 孔隙度 基质渗透率(mD) 总渗透率(mD) 裂缝渗透率(mD) 有效厚度(m) 净毛比 模型井 A井 4 534.00 5 079.00 3.00% 0.36 1.40 1.04 135.20 0.25 B井 4 624.00 5 367.00 3.30% 0.10 0.30 0.20 106.80 0.14 C井 4 578.60 4 817.00 4.20% 0.50 1.70 1.20 84.70 0.36 D井 4 411.00 4 499.80 5.60% 0.30 2.60 2.30 87.10 0.98 E井 3 879.00 3 998.70 8.30% 0.30 2.30 2.00 93.00 0.78
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表 6 渤中19⁃6气田2口新钻井潜山裂缝性储层的孔隙度、渗透率、有效厚度和净毛比
Table 6. Porosity, permeability, effective thickness and net-to-gross ratio of buried⁃hill fractured reservoirs of 2 new wells in Bozhong 19⁃6 gas field
类型 井号 顶深(m) 底深(m) 孔隙度 基质渗透率(mD) 总渗透率(mD) 裂缝渗透率(mD) 有效厚度(m) 净毛比 预测井 F井 4 828.00 5 656.00 3.20% 0.20 0.70 0.50 164.00 0.20 G井 4 639.35 5 013.00 4.30% 0.23 0.30 0.07 24.80 0.07
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