Comparison of InSAR Technology for Identification of Hidden Dangers of Geological Hazards in Alpine and Canyon Areas
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摘要: InSAR技术广泛应用于地质灾害隐患识别，不同InSAR方法具有一定的应用条件和限制因素，而高山峡谷地区地质灾害成灾机制复杂，灾害模式多样，采用一种技术方法往往难以有效识别.采用差分干涉测量(D-InSAR)、永久散射体测量(PS-InSAR)、小基线集测量(SBAS-InSAR)、分布式目标测量(DS-InSAR)和偏移量追踪(Offset-tracking)共5种InSAR技术，以雅砻江沿线西昌区域为研究区开展地质灾害隐患识别，应用不同InSAR技术方法比对分析.共识别28处形变点，其中D-InSAR识别到16处，SBAS-InSAR识别到27处，PS-InSAR识别到3处，DS-InSAR识别到21处，Offset-tracking识别到0处.在高山峡谷地区，SBAS-InSAR技术应用范围最广，识别隐患点数最多，兼顾精确度和效率，能有效识别高山峡谷地区地质灾害隐患.分析在高山峡谷地区使用InSAR技术识别地质灾害隐患的特殊性，针对不同方法技术特点，提出一种在高山峡谷地区使用InSAR技术进行地质灾害隐患识别的技术路线，使得更高效、准确地识别地质灾害隐患.Abstract: InSAR technology is widely used in the identification of hidden dangers of geological disasters. Different InSAR methods have certain application conditions and limiting factors. However, the disaster-causing mechanism of geological disasters in alpine and canyon areas is complex and the disaster patterns are diverse, which is often difficult to effectively identify using one technical method. In this paper, differential interferometry (D-InSAR), permanent scatterer measurement (PS-InSAR), small baseline set measurement (SBAS-InSAR), distributed target measurement (DS-InSAR) and offset tracking (Offset-tracking) a total of 5 InSAR technologies, taking the Xichang area along the Yalong River as the research area to identify potential geological hazards, and to carry out comparison and analysis of different InSAR technology methods. The results show that a total of 28 deformation points were identified, of which 16 were identified by D-InSAR, 27 by SBAS-InSAR, 3 by PS-InSAR, 21 by DS-InSAR, and 21 by Offset-tracking 0.In the alpine and canyon areas, SBAS-InSAR technology has the widest application range and the largest number of hidden danger points. Taking into account the accuracy and efficiency, it can effectively identify the hidden dangers of geological disasters in the alpine and canyon areas. Based on the analysis of the particularity of using InSAR technology to identify hidden dangers of geological disasters in high mountains and valleys, a technical route of using InSAR technology to identify hidden dangers of geological disasters in high mountains and valleys is proposed according to the characteristics of different methods and technologies, so as to identify hidden dangers of geological disasters more efficiently and accurately.
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Key words:
- InSAR /
- alpine canyon area /
- hazards /
- identification of hidden danger /
- technical comparison /
- environmental geology
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图 19 部分offset-tracking处理结果
a.20180308_20180718_偏移量_方位向；b.20180308_20180718_偏移量_距离向
Fig. 19. Partial offset-tracking processing results
图 20 高山峡谷地区InSAR技术地质灾害隐患识别技术路线
Fig. 20. Technical route for identification of hidden dangers of geological hazards by InSAR technology in alpine and canyon areas
表 1 Sentinenl-1数据参数
Table 1. Sentinenl-1 data parameters
卫星 轨道方向 雷达波长(cm) 空间分辨率(m) 入射角(°) 影像时间 影像期数 极化方式 Sentinel-1A 升轨 5.6 5×20 39.87 2018/1/7‒2021/3/28; 97 VV Sentinel-1A 降轨 5.6 5×20 39.95 2018/1/9‒2021/3/30 96 VV Sentinel-1B 降轨 5.6 5×20 39.95 2018/12/17;2020/9/1‒2021/3/24. 18 VV 
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表 2 多种监测手段识别结果对比
Table 2. Comparison of identification results of multiple monitoring methods
技术方法 成像模式 形变点 点数 总计 D-InSAR 升轨 YHD001、YHD002、YHD004、YHD005、YHD017、YHD018、YHD020、YHD021、YHD022、YHD023、YHD024、YHD025 12处 16处 降轨 YHD001、YHD002、YHD003、YHD005、YHD013、YHD014、YHD017、YHD018、YHD020、YHD021、YHD022、YHD023、YHD024、YHD027、YHD028 15处 PS-InSAR 升轨 YHD021、YHD022、YHD023 3处 3处 降轨 YHD021、YHD022、YHD023 3处 SBAS-InSAR 升轨 YHD001、YHD002、YHD003、YHD004、YHD005、YHD006、YHD007、YHD008、YHD009、YHD010、YHD014、YHD021、YHD022、YHD023、YHD024、YHD025、YHD026 17处 27处 降轨 YHD002、YHD003、YHD005、YHD011、YHD012、YHD013、YHD015、YHD016、YHD017、YHD018、YHD019、YHD020、YHD021、YHD022、YHD023、YHD024、YHD025、YHD026、YHD027 19处 DS-InSAR 升轨 YHD001、YHD002、YHD003、YHD008、YHD009、YHD010、YHD014、YHD021、YHD022、YHD023、YHD024、YHD026 12处 21处 降轨 YHD002、YHD003、YHD012、YHD015、YHD016、YHD017、YHD018、YHD019、YHD020、YHD021、YHD022、YHD023、YHD024、YHD025、YHD028 15处 Offset-tracking 升轨 无 0处 0处 降轨
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表 3 监测点形变量和形变速率
Table 3. Monitoring point deformation and deformation rates
技术方法 监测点位 累计形变量(mm) 形变速率(mm/a) SBAS-InSAR(升轨) 1# 182.78 53.02 2# 221.49 67.20 3# 124.81 36.28 DS-InSAR(升轨) 1# 180.54 52.37 2# 216.99 65.83 3# 129.69 37.70
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表 4 多种InSAR监测手段差异性对比
Table 4. Difference comparison of various InSAR monitoring methods
监测手段 适用区域 精度 速度 优点 缺点 D-InSAR 短期内厘米级形变区域 厘米级 快 覆盖范围广、需要数量少、成本低、应用广泛 易受干涉失相关、大气延迟等误差影响，结果依赖于DEM精度 PS-InSAR 植被较少、干涉条件较稳定的区域 毫米级 中 精度高、可以得到时序数据 需要数据多、效率低、结果依赖于PS点密度 SBAS-InSAR 长期缓慢毫米级形变区域 毫米级 中 数据利用率高、精度高、可提取非线性形变、应用广泛 成本高、高相干点获取较难 DS-InSAR 小范围形变区域 毫米级 慢 数据利用率高、结果精度高、形变点密度高 计算效率低，不适用于大范围区域监测 Offset-tracking 短期内米级形变区域 米级 快 不受相干性限制，速度快 精度不及其他InSAR技术，形变监测受影像空间分辨率影响
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