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    中亚造山带南缘蛇绿岩研究现状与展望

    敖松坚 肖文交 韩春明 毛启贵 万博 张继恩 张志勇 宋东方 谭肖博

    敖松坚, 肖文交, 韩春明, 毛启贵, 万博, 张继恩, 张志勇, 宋东方, 谭肖博, 2022. 中亚造山带南缘蛇绿岩研究现状与展望. 地球科学, 47(9): 3107-3126. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.321
    引用本文: 敖松坚, 肖文交, 韩春明, 毛启贵, 万博, 张继恩, 张志勇, 宋东方, 谭肖博, 2022. 中亚造山带南缘蛇绿岩研究现状与展望. 地球科学, 47(9): 3107-3126. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.321
    Ao Songjian, Xiao Wenjiao, Han Chunming, Mao Qigui, Wan Bo, Zhang Ji’en, Zhang Zhiyong, Song Dongfang, Tan Xiaobo, 2022. Status and Prospect of Research on Ophiolites in the Southern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Earth Science, 47(9): 3107-3126. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.321
    Citation: Ao Songjian, Xiao Wenjiao, Han Chunming, Mao Qigui, Wan Bo, Zhang Ji’en, Zhang Zhiyong, Song Dongfang, Tan Xiaobo, 2022. Status and Prospect of Research on Ophiolites in the Southern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Earth Science, 47(9): 3107-3126. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.321

    中亚造山带南缘蛇绿岩研究现状与展望

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.321
    基金项目: 

    国家重点研发计划项目 2020YFA0714800

    国家自然科学基金委科学中心项目 41888101

    国家优秀青年科学基金项目 41822204

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      敖松坚(1983-),男,研究员,主要从事构造地质与大地构造学研究,ORCID:0000-0003-0118-6997. E-mail:asj@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

    • 中图分类号: P581

    Status and Prospect of Research on Ophiolites in the Southern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

    • 摘要: 蛇绿岩与产于增生楔中的蛇绿岩碎片记录了大洋岩石圈形成、俯冲、消亡等造山作用的全过程信息;是解剖造山带与探讨造山作用的重要研究对象.本文重点阐述蛇绿岩的继承性构造(形成于大洋岩石圈形成阶段:洋‒陆过渡带型(ocean-continental transition,简称OCT)、洋中脊型(快速扩张脊的Penrose型与慢速扩张的洋底核杂岩型)、supra-subduction-zone(SSZ)型三个基本端元)与造山就位构造(构造就位于造山带阶段:仰冲就位与俯冲刮铲)的特征、区别及其地质意义.强调蛇绿岩形成的“生而不同”与构造就位的“死也有别”;讨论了蛇绿岩两阶段的特征、时代的大地构造配置,呼吁关注蛇绿岩构造就位阶段俯冲流体的叠加作用,其可能导致最终就位在造山带中的蛇绿岩大部分都具有SSZ型特征.最后,结合中亚造山带南部主要蛇绿岩的特征,对未来中亚造山带蛇绿岩研究提出一些思考与展望;指出未来研究应注重对有限洋盆或小洋盆的厘定,关注OCT成因蛇绿岩的识别与研究,重视山弯构造与走滑断裂对蛇绿岩带现今产出的控制与改造作用.

       

    • 图  1  蛇绿岩形成的三种端元环境及柱状剖面

      A1. 现今典型贫岩浆型洋陆过渡带(OCT), 伊比利亚实例修改自Peron-Pinvidic et al.(2013).典型特征发育拆离断层, 拆离断层的下盘由大陆岩下石圈地幔(subcontinent mantle)的蛇纹石化二辉橄榄岩构成; 上盘主要包括裂解的异地岩体(allochthon)、构造-沉积角砾岩、后裂解阶段的沉积物、靠大洋一侧出露玄武岩.A2剖面上具有厚的大陆地壳与大陆下岩石圈地幔.B1. 快速扩张洋中脊Penrose定义蛇绿岩, 修改自Dilek(2003).B2剖面上具有层状Sandwich结构, 自下而上分别包括: 超镁铁质岩、辉长岩、镁铁质席状岩墙、枕状玄武岩以及上覆的硅泥质沉积岩Anonymous(1972).C1. 慢速扩张洋中脊(OCC型), 修改自Maffione et al.(2013), 典型特征是发育拆了断层与洋底核杂岩.C2剖面上不具备Penrose型层状结构, 玄武岩较少、甚至缺失导致蛇纹石化橄榄岩直接出露洋底; 地幔岩中多见辉长岩侵入体.D1. 现今SSZ型伊豆-小笠原-马里亚纳弧,修改自Hawkins(2003), 以岛弧岩浆岩及俯冲流体为特征; D2剖面顶部发育火山碎屑岩, 地幔岩中多有辉长岩-辉绿岩侵入体

      Fig.  1.  Three endmember environments and columnar sections for ophiolites origins

      图  2  蛇绿岩就位模式

      A. 起源于俯冲上盘的大洋岩石圈仰冲就位,修改自Wakabayashi and Dilek(2003),就位在被动陆缘称为特提斯型A1;就位在增生型上称为科迪勒拉型A2.B. 起源于俯冲下盘的大洋岩石圈刮铲增生就位,修改自Bousquet et al.(2008),依据折返角流的夹角分为紧闭型B1与开放型B2

      Fig.  2.  The emplacement pattern of ophiolites

      图  3  蛇绿岩三种端元形成环境(A1, B1, C1, D1)对应的仰冲就位(A2, B2, C2, D2)、俯冲刮铲与叠加就位方式(A3, B3, C3, D3)

      无论哪种就位方式均可叠加俯冲流体的影响,因而可能具备SS2特征.同时应注意到,造山带中很多蛇绿岩可能是来自下盘俯冲刮铲与上盘叠加就位(A3, B3, C3, D3), 是不同起源大洋岩石圈的构造混杂; 尤其是0CT起源的蛇绿岩, 可能含有大量大陆下岩石圈地幔岩.红色虚线指示蛇绿岩就位时理想的上、下盘界面; 图例同图 1

      Fig.  3.  The three endmember formation environments (A1, B1, C1, D1)of the ophiolites and related the obduction emplacments (A2, B2, C2, D2), the off scraped emplacements superimposed with obduction emplacements (A3, B3, C3, D3)

      图  4  中亚造山带新疆北部‒甘肃地区蛇绿岩分布

      Fig.  4.  Distribution map of ophiolites in the northern Xinjiang-Gansu region of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

      图  5  中亚造山带内蒙‒兴安地区蛇绿岩分布

      Fig.  5.  Distribution map of ophiolites in the Inner Mongolia-Xing'an area of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

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