Advanced Detection Technology of Ground-Borehole DC Resistivity Method
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摘要: 为实现煤矿巷道掘进前方隐蔽含水体的长距离、高精度超前探测，提出一种在地面供电、井下长距离超前钻孔中接收的地面-钻孔直流电法. 模型计算结果表明：（1）孔旁异常体视电阻率曲线表现正负交替异常特征；（2）地面供电点和异常体的距离与异常响应幅值负相关，异常体规模与异常宽度正相关；（3）依据视电阻率曲线可解释异常中心位置、相对测线方位和异常体宽度，提出了快速解释方法；（4）地面现场模拟试验验证了理论响应结果和解释方法的正确性. 地面-钻孔直流电法超前探测技术能有效探测到钻孔旁侧的电性异常体，可以实现“一孔多用”，能够为长距离超前精细探查提供一种新的地球物理勘探手段.Abstract: A ground-borehole direct current (DC) method which supplies DC power on the ground and receives potential difference in the borehole is presented, in order to achieve long-distance, high-precision advanced detection of hidden aquifers in front of coal mine tunneling roadways. The results of the model calculation show follows: (1) The apparent resistivity abnormal curve shows the abnormal characteristics of positive and negative alternations. The alternation order of high electrical resistivity and low electrical resistivity is opposite, the alternation order of positive and negative anomalies is determined by the relative position of the ground power supply point, survey line and abnormal target. (2) The distance between the ground power supply point and the abnormal body is negatively correlated with the abnormal response amplitude, and the abnormal body size is positively correlated with the abnormal width. (3) The anomaly center position, relative line orientation and anomaly body width can be interpreted according to the apparent resistivity curve, and a fast interpretation method is proposed. (4) A ground similarity simulation is tested to verify the theoretical response results and interpretation methods. The high and low electrical resistivity response characteristics are consistent with the theoretical results, and the abnormal target information determined by the fast interpretation method is basically consistent with the actual situation. Theoretical analysis and similarity test show that the ground-borehole DC method can effectively detect the electrical anomalies on the side of the borehole, it can realize "one hole and multi-use", and provide a new geophysical exploration method for long-distance and high-precision advanced fine exploration.
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图 1 点电源电场球体模型示意图
Fig. 1. Model schematic diagram of a point power supply and a conductive sphere
图 3 均匀半空间中球体响应解析解曲线
a.电位差曲线；b.视电阻率曲线
Fig. 3. Analytical solution curves of sphere response in uniform half space
图 4 不同距离供电时的视电阻率曲线
Fig. 4. Apparent resistivity curves of different power supply distance
图 5 不同方位时的视电阻率曲线
a. 测线上、下方；b. 测线左、右侧
Fig. 5. Apparent resistivity curves of anomaly in different directions
图 6 球体不同参数时的视电阻率曲线
a. 不同半径；b. 不同距离；c. 不同电阻率
Fig. 6. Apparent resistivity curves of sphere with different parameters
图 7 球体与立方体的计算结果对比
a. 模型示意图；b. 正演曲线
Fig. 7. Comparison of the calculation results of the sphere and the cube
图 8 异常体分别在X、Y、Z方向延伸后的响应曲线
a. 模型示意图；b. X方向延伸后；c. Y方向延伸后；d. Z方向延伸后
Fig. 8. Response curves of abnormal cube after extending in X, Y and Z directions respectively
图 9 不同地电断面时的视电阻率曲线
Fig. 9. Apparent resistivity curves of different geoelectric sections
图 10 钻孔介质电阻率改变时的视电阻率曲线
Fig. 10. Apparent resistivity curves of borehole medium when resistivity changes
表 1 异常快速解释方法
Table 1. A fast interpretation method for anomalies
解释参数 解释结果 对应异常特征 是否有异常 存在异常 曲线先正后负，或先负后正 不存在异常 曲线平滑 低阻异常方位 点源与测线之间 点源一侧异常先负后正 点源与测线之外 点源一侧异常先正后负 高阻异常方位 点源与测线之间 点源一侧异常先正后负 点源与测线之外 点源一侧异常先负后正 异常中心 正负异常极值位置内，偏最大异常一侧 只有单侧或同侧视电阻率曲线时 曲线交点 有两侧供电曲线时 异常宽度 小于中心点与异常极值最大距离的2倍 / 
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