Petrogenesis of Triassic Granites from Kontum Massif in Vietnam and Its Tethyan Tectonic Implications
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摘要: 昆嵩地体位于印支陆块的核部，记录了大量的印支期岩浆作用和构造热事件，是了解古特提斯洋演化及印支与华南陆块碰撞拼合过程的关键区域，但目前对该期岩浆事件的成因及其与北部长山带的关系未能得到有效厘定.对昆嵩地体绥安（Huyện Tuy An）和胶寮（Chu Loan）地区的Van Canh花岗岩开展了岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石原位Hf同位素和全岩地球化学分析，以限定其形成时代、岩石成因及构造环境.锆石U-Pb定年显示花岗岩样品的结晶年龄为244~239 Ma.该套样品包括了二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩，均属于高钾钙碱性系列.它们的A/CNK值为1.03~1.21，为S型花岗岩.花岗岩均显示明显的Rb、Th和U富集，以及Nb、Sr、Zr和Ti的亏损，并具有强烈的Eu负异常（Eu/Eu*=0.24~0.56）.锆石具有富集的原位Hf同位素组成（εHf（t）=-11.2~-0.7）以及古-中元古代的Hf二阶模式年龄（TDM2=1.98~1.31 Ga）.研究表明该套中三叠世花岗岩是古元古代-中元古代变沉积岩部分熔融的产物，并伴有少量变火成岩的加入.研究结合区域地质资料表明昆嵩地体中三叠世Van Canh花岗岩的成因与马江古特提斯分支洋闭合之后的印支与华南陆块的碰撞拼合有关，形成于后碰撞阶段，进而证实了长山带向南可以延伸至昆嵩地体内部.Abstract: Kontum massif in the central Indochina records abundant Indosinian magmatism and tectonic thermal events, and is a key area for investigating the tectonic evolution of Paleotethyan ocean and subsequent collision between the Indochina and South China blocks. However, the origin of this Indosinian magmatism and its relationship with the Truong Son zone in the north are poorly constrained. In this study, it presents a set of petrographic, zircon U-Pb geochronological, zircon in-situ Hf isotopic, and whole-rock geochemical data for the granites from the Huyen Tuy An and Chu Loan area in the Kontum massif to constrain their crystallization ages, petrogenesis, and tectonic setting. Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the granites formed at 244-239 Ma. These samples contain monzogranites and K-feldspar granites and belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series. They are S-type granites with A/CNK values ranging from 1.03 to 1.21. These samples show enrichment of Rb, Th, and U, and depletion of Nb, Sr, Zr, and Ti, with obvious negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.24-0.56). Their negative zircon εHf(t) values ((-11.2)-(-0.7)) and Paleo- to Meso-Proterozoic Hf model ages (TDM2=1.98-1.31 Ga) indicate that these granites were derived from the partial melting of the Paleo- to Meso-Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks with a small amount of metaigneous component. Our new data along with the regional geological observations suggest that the Middle Triassic Van Canh granites in the Kontum massif were formed in a post-collisional setting in response to the collision between the Indochina and South China blocks following the closure of Song-Ma Paleotethyan branch. Our studies further suggest that the Truong Son zone can southerly extend to the central Kontum massif.
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Key words:
- Indochina block /
- Kontum massif /
- Middle Triassic /
- S-type granite /
- Paleotethyan ocean /
- post-collision /
- geochemistry
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图 1 东南亚地区构造划分简图(a)和研究区地质简图及长山带和昆嵩地体二叠纪-三叠纪岩浆岩与变质岩年龄分布(b)
图a据Sone and Metcalfe（2008）；Wang et al.（2018）；Qian et al.（2020）；图b年龄数据据来源：[1] Shi et al.（2015）；[2] Hieu et al.（2015）；[3] Nakano et al.（2013）；[4] Nagy et al.（2001）；[5] Carter et al.（2001）；[6] Hung et al.（2022）；[7] Cuong et al.（2021）
Fig. 1. Tectonic sketch map of SE Asia (a) and simplified geological map of the study area and the distribution of the Permian-Triassic felsic and metamorphic rocks in the Truong Son zone and Kontum massif (b)
图 2 昆嵩地体南部三叠纪Van Canh花岗岩野外露头和显微岩相学特征
a~f.二长花岗岩（20VN-23，20VN-24和20VN-25）；g，h.钾长花岗岩（20VN-29）. 矿物缩写：Q.石英；Pl.斜长石；Kfs.钾长石；Bt.黑云母；Ms.白云母；Ep.绿帘石；Lpd.锂云母
Fig. 2. Field photos and photomicrographs of the Triassic Van Canh granites in southern Kontum massif
图 3 昆嵩地体南部三叠纪Van Canh花岗岩锆石CL图像
Fig. 3. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of the representative zircon grains for the Triassic Van Canh granites in southern Kontum massif
图 4 昆嵩地体南部三叠纪Van Canh花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄协和图
Fig. 4. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams for the Triassic Van Canh granites in southern Kontum massif
图 5 昆嵩地体南部三叠纪Van Canh花岗岩锆石εHf (t)-年龄(Ma)图解
背景数据引自Hieu et al.（2015）；Wang et al.（2018）；Hung et al.（2022）
Fig. 5. Plot of εHf (t) vs. age (Ma) for zircon grains from the Triassic Van Canh granites in southern Kontum massif
图 6 昆嵩地体南部三叠纪Van Canh花岗岩
a. An-Ab-Or判别图解；b.K2O-SiO2判别图解；c.A/NK-A/CNK判别图解；d.（Al2O3-（Na2O+K2O））-CaO-（FeOt+MgO）判别图解；e.10 000*Ga/Al-（Zr+Nb+Ce+Y）判别图解；f.（Al2O3+CaO）/（FeOt+Na2O+K2O）-100×（MgO+FeOt+TiO2）/SiO2判别图解.图a~f背景数据引自Hieu et al.（2015）和Hung et al.（2022）；图b据Winchester and Floyd（1977）；图d据Chappell and White（1992）；图e据Whalen et al.（1987）；图f据Sylvester（1989）
Fig. 6. Triassic Van Canh granites in southern Kontum massif
图 7 昆嵩地体南部三叠纪Van Canh花岗岩哈克图解
背景数据引自Hieu et al.（2015）；Hung et al.（2022）
Fig. 7. Harker diagrams for the Triassic Van Canh granites in southern Kontum massif
图 8 昆嵩地体南部三叠纪Van Canh花岗岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线(a)和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b)
Fig. 8. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergram (b) for the Triassic Van Canh granites in southern Kontum massif
图 9 昆嵩地体南部三叠纪Van Canh花岗岩La/Sm-La (a)、Rb-Sr (b)和Ba-Sr (c)图解
背景数据引自Hieu et al.（2015）；Hung et al.（2022）；图b和图c据Li et al.（2007）
Fig. 9. Plots of La/Sm vs. La (a), Rb vs. Sr (b) and Ba vs. Sr (c) for the Triassic Van Canh granites in southern Kontum massif
图 10 昆嵩地体南部三叠纪Van Canh花岗岩3×CaO-Al2O3/(FeOt+MgO)-5×K2O/Na2O(a)和(Na2O+K2O)/(FeOt+MgO+TiO2)-(Na2O+K2O+FeOt+MgO+TiO2) (b)图解
对比数据引自Hieu et al.（2015）；Hung et al.（2022）；背景数据据Laurent et al.（2014）；Patiño Douce and Harris（1998）；Patiño Douce（1999）
Fig. 10. Plots of 3×CaO vs. Al2O3/(FeOt+MgO) vs.5×K2O/Na2O (a) and (Na2O+K2O)/(FeOt+MgO+TiO2) vs. Na2O+K2O+FeOt+MgO+TiO2 (b) for the Triassic Van Canh granites in southern Kontum massif
图 12 昆嵩地体三叠纪已发表岩浆岩和变质岩年龄汇总(年龄数据据附表4)
Fig. 12. Summary of the published Triassic ages for the igneous and metamorphic rocks from the Kontum massif
图 11 昆嵩地体南部三叠纪Van Canh花岗岩构造环境判别图
背景数据引自Hieu et al.（2015）；Hung et al.（2022）；图据Pearce et al.（1996）
Fig. 11. Tectonic discrimination diagram for the Triassic Van Canh granites in southern Kontum massif
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