Reconstruction of Depositional Environment and Source-Reservoir Configuration Relationship of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Ordos Basin
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摘要: 碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩组合蕴含了全球46%的碳酸盐岩油气储量，是重要的油气富集层位. 鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组发育大套厚层碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩混合沉积，目前在盐上已发现了近万亿方探明储量. 盐下和盐间有无勘探潜力？对该沉积体系的古环境恢复是关键. 通过对盆内T112井400 m系统取芯进行描述，结合薄片鉴定、微量元素、稀土元素、碳、氧、锶同位素、岩石组分等分析，对马家沟组碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩沉积体系的沉积环境进行了恢复. 根据海平面升降和水体氧化程度的变化，该体系可以划分为4个亚环境，分别是缺氧段、次氧化段、氧化段和硫化段. 随着氧化程度加剧，U、Mo等微量元素含量降低，碳氧锶同位素逐渐正偏，但由于硫化段导致含氧量急剧降低，U、Mo和碳氧锶同位素急剧升高，并呈现随海平面频繁振荡分布. 基于古环境与TOC和孔隙度的对比分析，硫化段和缺氧段是最有利的烃源岩发育层段，强烈蒸发作用导致水体分层及硫化，使有机质得到有效保存. 氧化段和次氧化段是储层发育的有利层段，台内局部隆起沉积的丘滩体频繁暴露遭遇准同生溶蚀作用，发育大量溶蚀孔隙，经白云石化以后得到有效保存. 硫化段的烃源岩与氧化段的白云岩储层纵向上呈层状频繁交互，平面上呈指状交叉，构成良好的源储配置关系. 乌审旗隆起带上发育的立体型储集层网络是鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系盐下勘探的有利区带.Abstract: The carbonate gypsum salt rock combination contains 46% of the global carbonate oil and gas reserves and is an important oil and gas enrichment horizon. The Majiagou Formation of Ordovician in Ordos basin develops a large set of thick carbonate gypsum salt rock mixed deposits. At present, nearly trillion cubic meters of proved reserves have been found on salt. Is there exploration potential under salt and between salt? The restoration of the Paleoenvironment of the sedimentary system is the key. Based on the description of 400 m systematic coring of well T112 in the basin, combined with thin section identification, supporting analysis of trace elements, rare earth elements, carbon, oxygen, strontium isotopes and rock components, this paper restores the depositional environment of carbonate gypsum salt rock sedimentary system of Majiagou formation. According to the rise and fall of sea level and the change of water oxidation degree, the system can be divided into four sub environments: anoxic section, secondary oxidation section, oxidation section and sulfide section. With the aggravation of oxidation degree, the contents of trace elements such as U and Mo decrease, and the carbon oxygen strontium isotope is gradually positive. However, the oxygen content decreases sharply due to the sulfide section, and the isotopes of U, Mo and carbon oxygen strontium rise sharply, showing a frequent oscillation distribution with sea level. Based on the comparative analysis of paleoenvironment, TOC and porosity, the sulfide section and anoxic section are the most favorable hydrocarbon source rock development sections. Strong evaporation leads to water stratification and vulcanization, so that organic matter can be effectively preserved. Oxidation section and secondary oxidation section are favorable sections for reservoir development. The mound and beach bodies deposited by local uplift in the platform were frequently exposed, encountered quasi syngenetic dissolution and developed a large number of dissolution pores, which were effectively preserved after dolomitization. The source rock in the sulfide section and the dolomite reservoir in the oxidation section are interbedded in the longitudinal direction, and finger crossing in the plane, forming a good source-reservoir matching relationship. The three-dimensional reservoir network developed on Wushenqi uplift belt is a favorable area for Ordovician subsalt exploration in Ordos Basin.
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组古地理及含气系统综合柱状图
Fig. 1. Paleogeography and Comprehensive histogram of gas containing system of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Ordos Basin
图 2 T112井马家沟组四-五段沉积环境划分柱状图
Fig. 2. Histogram of sedimentary environment division of member IV-V of Majiagou Formation in well T112
图 3 T112井马家沟组典型岩性段岩心和薄片特征
a.含生屑砂屑微晶灰岩，发育近水平富有机质含泥纹层，3 655.75 m，马四段，普通薄片；b.（含生屑）云质微晶灰岩，常见生屑体腔孔充填方解石，发育不规则富有机质含泥纹层，3 689.76 m，马四段，铸体薄片；c.暗灰色含云泥晶灰岩，局部分布泥线，较强烈斑状云化，3 674.15 m，马四段，岩心；d.粉细晶白云岩，白云石呈半自形-它形镶嵌为主，局部斑状发育少许白云石晶间孔，3 491.82 m，马五9亚段，铸体薄片；e. 细晶-粉晶白云岩，局部隐见残余颗粒结构，发育少量溶孔（缝），白云石半充填，3 823.55 m，马五10亚段，铸体薄片；f.灰褐色细晶粉晶白云岩. 白云石半充填溶孔较发育，见微裂缝，3 509.25 m，马五10亚段，岩心；g. 残余砂屑细晶白云岩：隐见残余颗粒结构，晶间孔（粒间孔）较发育，白云石半充填，3 394.88 m，马五7亚段，铸体薄片；h.微生物凝块云岩. 溶蚀孔缝较发育（可能与藻类相关？），白云石半充填-充填，3 462.00 m，马五8亚段，铸体薄片；i. 褐灰色细粉晶-粉晶白云岩，溶蚀孔洞发育，半充填白云石；3 461.84 m，马五8亚段，岩心；j.含泥微晶白云岩/含膏-膏质微晶白云岩，不等厚纹层状快速交互变化；3 367.75 m，马五6亚段，铸体薄片；k.浅灰-灰白色含云膏岩，可见灰黑色泥质纹层和揉皱变形构造，3362.65 m，马五6亚段，岩心；l.灰褐色细晶粉晶白云岩. 近水平含泥纹层较发育，发育硫磺充填高角度裂缝面，3 506.50 m，马五10亚段，岩心
Fig. 3. Core and thin section characteristics of typical lithologic section of Majiagou Formation in well T112
图 4 T112井马家沟组典型岩性段全岩X衍射矿物组分
Fig. 4. X-ray diffraction mineral composition of the whole rock in typical lithologic section of Majiagou Formation of well T112
图 5 V、U、Mo含量与Th、Ni含量之间的相关性分析
Fig. 5. Correlation Analysis between V, U, Mo content and Th, Ni content
图 6 T112井马家沟组不同岩性段REE配分模式
a. 马四段；b. 马五9亚段；c. 马五7亚段；d.马五6亚段
Fig. 6. REE distribution pattern of different lithologic sections of Majiagou Formation in well T112
图 7 T112井马家沟组不同岩性段碳氧同位素分布
Fig. 7. Carbon and oxygen isotope distribution in different lithologic sections of Majiagou Formation of well T112
图 8 T112井马家沟组不同岩性段锶同位素分布
Fig. 8. Strontium isotope distribution in different lithologic sections of Majiagou Formation of well T112
图 9 U、Mo微量元素及δ13C与TOC相关图
据常华进等（2009）修改
Fig. 9. Trace Elements of U and Mo, δ13C and TOC correlation diagram
图 11 鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组源储配置关系及有利勘探区带剖面
Fig. 11. source reservoir allocation relationship and favorable exploration zone profile of Majiagou Formation in Ordos Basin
表 1 奥陶系马家沟组四段-五6亚段TOC分布
Table 1. Distribution of TOC in the fourth-fifth 6 sub member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation
块号 深度（m） 层位 岩性 TOC（%） T112-2-103 3 322.77 马五6 泥质云岩 0.91 T112-2-97 3 322.08 马五6 云岩 0.67 T112-3-24 3 330.86 马五6 凝块云岩 5.00 T112-4-111 3 357.53 马五6 膏溶角砾岩 2.49 T112-4-137 3 360.56 马五6 泥质层纹云岩 0.21 T112-5-69 3 370.71 马五6 云岩 0.82 T112-5-123 3 377.72 马五6 云岩 2.14 T112-5-129 3 378.47 马五6 云岩 2.75 T112-6-30 3 382.78 马五6 云岩 3.02 T112-10-34 3 416.40 马五7 凝块云岩 0.13 T112-10-112 3 423.94 马五8 凝块云岩 0.11 T112-12-14 3 434.20 马五8 粉晶云岩 0.08 T112-14-18 3 445.21 马五8 凝块云岩 0.12 T112-22-12 3 465.77 马五9 泥质云岩 0.17 T112-22-19 3 466.36 马五9 云岩 0.15 T112-23-11 3 473.16 马五9 云岩 0.13 T112-23-22 3 474.23 马五9 粉晶云岩 0.15 T112-25-20 3 480.36 马五9 云岩 0.24 T112-32-61 3 515.06 马五10 灰质云岩 0.07 T112-36-42 3 547.14 马四 云岩 0.12 T112-40-63 3 603.79 马四 云质灰岩 0.41 T112-40-96 3 608.58 马四 灰质云岩 2.25 T112-40-96 3 608.58 马四 灰质云岩 0.25 T112-41-95 3 625.58 马四 灰岩 1.80 T112-41-96 3 626.14 马四 灰岩 0.29 T112-45-71 3 699.14 马四 灰岩 0.38 T112-45-96 3 702.22 马四 云岩 2.15 T112-46-3 3 717.42 马四 泥质云岩 3.38 T112-46-3 3 717.42 马四 泥质云岩 1.38 T112-46-32 3 721.07 马四 凝块云岩 0.12 T112-46-39 3 722.13 马四 砂屑云岩 3.24 T112-46-39 3 722.13 马四 砂屑云岩 0.29 
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