The Characteristics of Re⁃Equilibrated Fluid Inclusions in Deep Carbonate Reservoirs and Determination of Their Original Trapping Conditions
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摘要: 深层碳酸盐储层中流体包裹体往往因经历复杂地质演化而发生再平衡，正确判识流体包裹体再平衡对于准确解释古流体演化具有重要意义. 以四川盆地安岳气田震旦系灯影组白云岩储层为例，通过岩相学、拉曼光谱测试及显微测温方法结合构造演化史判别了再平衡流体包裹体及其类型，并利用再平衡流体包裹体极值均一温度等数据进行PVT模拟确定了各期包裹体的原始捕获条件. 结果表明安岳气田震旦系灯影组储层中第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期白云石中流体包裹体发生了爆裂变形，第Ⅴ期方解石中流体包裹体发生了拉伸变形，而第Ⅳ期石英中包裹体再平衡特征不显著，其中第Ⅱ、Ⅲ期白云石中流体包裹体在埋藏升温过程中再平衡，而第Ⅳ期白云石和第Ⅴ期方解石中流体包裹体在抬升降温过程中再平衡. 第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期成岩矿物中流体包裹体的捕获压力和捕获温度依次递增，至第Ⅳ期矿物形成时达到峰值，而后第Ⅴ期方解石中流体包裹体的捕获压力和捕获温度较第Ⅳ期则出现降低. 结合流体包裹体捕获温压条件和埋藏史准确限定了各成岩期矿物的形成期次和时间，其结果可与同位素定年对比.Abstract: Complex geological evolution often leads to re⁃equilibration of fluid inclusions in deep carbonate reservoirs, and correctly identifying re⁃equilibration is of great significance to accurately explain paleo⁃fluid evolution.In this paper, taking the dolostone reservoir of Sinian Dengying Formation in Anyue gas field in Sichuan Basin, China as an example, the characteristics and types of re⁃equilibration are identified by petrography, Raman spectroscopy and micro⁃thermometry combined with the history of tectonic evolution, and original trapping conditions of each stage fluid inclusions are determined by PVT simulation based on the maxima or minima homogenization temperature of re⁃equilibrated fluid inclusions. The results show that fluid inclusions indolomi tes at stage Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ are deformed by decrepitation, and fluid inclusions in calcite at stage Ⅴ are stretched, while re⁃equilibration characteristics of fluid inclusions in quartz at stage Ⅳ are not obvious. Re⁃equilibration of fluid inclusions in dolomites at stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ are in the process of burying and temperature increasing, while re⁃equilibration of fluid inclusions in dolomites at stage Ⅳ and in calcite at stage Ⅴ are in the process of uplift and temperature reducing.The trapping pressure and trapping temperature of fluid inclusions increase from stage Ⅱ to stage Ⅳ, reaching the peak of temperature and pressure at stage Ⅳ, while the trapping pressure and trapping temperature of fluid inclusions in calcite at stage Ⅴ are lower than those at stage Ⅳ. Combining trapping conditions and burial history can accurately determine the formation age of minerals at different diagenetic sequence, and the results can be compared with data from isotopic dating.
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图 1 四川盆地构造单元划分及主要气田分布（据郑志红，2017修改）
Fig. 1. Tectonic units and distribution of major gas fields in Sichuan Basin (modified from Zheng, 2017)
图 2 灯影组白云岩成岩序列
a. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段，单偏光；b. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段，正交光；c. 磨溪111井，5 490.1 m，灯四段，单偏光；d. 磨溪111井，5 490.1 m，灯四段，正交光；e. 磨溪111井，5 483.6 m，灯四段，单偏光；f. 磨溪111井，5 483.6 m，灯四段，正交光；Ⅰ. 早期微细晶白云石；Ⅱ. 重结晶白云石；Ⅲ. 孔洞缝边缘充填的白云石；Ⅳ⁃1. 孔洞缝内部充填的白云石；Ⅳ⁃2. 孔洞缝内部充填的石英；Ⅴ. 孔洞缝内部充填的方解石
Fig. 2. Diagenetic sequence of dolostone in Dengying Formation
图 3 灯影组白云岩阴极发光特征
a. 磨溪22井，5 415.69 m，灯四段，单偏光；b. 磨溪22井，5 415.69 m，灯四段，阴极发光；c. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段，单偏光；d. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段，阴极发光；e. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段，单偏光；f. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段，阴极发光；Ⅰ. 早期微细晶白云石；Ⅱ. 重结晶白云石；Ⅲ. 孔洞缝边缘充填的白云石；Ⅳ⁃1. 孔洞缝内部充填的白云石；Ⅳ⁃2. 孔洞缝内部充填的石英
Fig. 3. Cathodi cluminescence characteristics of dolostone in Dengying Formation
图 4 Ⅱ和Ⅲ期白云石及Ⅳ期石英中流体包裹体岩相学特征
a. 磨溪111井，5 487.16 m，灯四段；b. 磨溪111井，5 487.16 m，灯四段，第Ⅱ期白云石中体积较小的规则包裹体（蓝色箭头）及发生变形的包裹体的针状结构（红色箭头）；c. 磨溪111井，5 487.16 m，灯四段；d. 磨溪111井，5 487.16 m，灯四段，第Ⅱ期白云石中体积较小的规则包裹体（蓝色箭头）及同一流体包裹体组合的包裹体呈现不同气液比（红色箭头）；e. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段；f. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段，第Ⅲ期白云石中规则包裹体（蓝色箭头）及明显具有针状结构的包裹体（红色箭头）；g. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段；h. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段，第Ⅳ期石英中的规则包裹体（蓝色箭头）；图中左侧图片为50倍物镜下拍摄的整体照片，右侧图片为左侧图片中红框区域的局部放大图，所描述的包裹体中红色箭头所指示的是发生明显变形的包裹体，蓝色箭头所指示的是未发生明显变形的包裹体
Fig. 4. Petrographic characteristics of fluid inclusions in dolomite at stage Ⅱ, Ⅲ and quartz at stage Ⅳ
图 5 Ⅳ期白云石及Ⅴ期方解石中流体包裹体岩相学特征
a. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段；b. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段，第Ⅳ期白云石中长条形包裹体（蓝色箭头）及半环形包裹体（红色箭头）；c. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段，第Ⅳ期白云石中规则形态包裹体的针状结构（红色箭头）；d. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段，第Ⅳ期白云石中规则形态包裹体（蓝色箭头）及包裹体缺口（红色箭头）；e. 磨溪13井，5 034.5 m，灯四段；f. 磨溪13井，5 034.5 m，灯四段，第Ⅳ期白云石中体积较小的包裹体（蓝色箭头）及不规则形态包裹体的复杂变形（红色箭头）；g. 磨溪111井，5 483.6 m，灯四段；h. 磨溪111井，5 483.6 m，灯四段，第Ⅴ期方解石中长条形包裹体（蓝色箭头）及不规则形态包裹体的拉伸变形（红色箭头）；图中左侧图片为50倍物镜下拍摄的整体照片，右侧图片为左侧图片中红框区域的局部放大图，所描述的包裹体中红色箭头所指示的是发生明显变形的包裹体，蓝色箭头所指示的是未发生明显变形的包裹体
Fig. 5. Petrographic characteristics of fluid inclusions in dolomite at stage Ⅳ and calcite at stage Ⅴ
图 6 流体包裹体显微照片及其激光拉曼谱图
a. 磨溪111井，5 487.16 m，灯四段，第Ⅱ期白云石中的盐水包裹体；b. 磨溪13井，5 047.9 m，灯四段，第Ⅱ期白云石中的沥青包裹体；c. 磨溪111井，5 483.6 m，灯四段，第Ⅲ期白云石中的盐水包裹体；d. 磨溪13井，5 034.5 m，灯四段，第Ⅳ期白云石中的纯液相含甲烷盐水包裹体；e. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段，第Ⅳ期石英中的盐水包裹体；f. 磨溪13井，5 047.9 m，灯四段，第Ⅳ期石英中的含甲烷包裹体；g. 磨溪111井，5 490.1 m，灯四段，第Ⅴ期方解石中的盐水包裹体；h. 磨溪111井，5 483.6 m，灯四段，第Ⅴ期方解石中的含甲烷包裹体
Fig. 6. Laser Raman spectra and micrographs of fluid inclusions
图 7 不同期次成岩矿物中流体包裹体均一温度和盐度关系图
a. 磨溪111井，5 487.16 m，灯四段；b. 磨溪111，5 483.6 m，灯四段；c. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段；d. 磨溪12井，5 432.4 m，灯二段；e. 磨溪111井，5 483.6 m，灯四段
Fig. 7. The relationship between homogenization temperature and salinity of fluid inclusions in different diagenetic minerals
图 8 流体包裹体捕获温压条件演化图
Fig. 8. Diagram of trapping temperature and trapping pressure of fluid inclusions
表 1 第Ⅳ期及Ⅴ期矿物中包裹体甲烷密度及摩尔体积计算结果
Table 1. The density and molar volume calculation results of methane inclusions in minerals at stage Ⅳ and Ⅴ
期次 $ {\upsilon }_{1} $（cm-1） ρ（g/cm3） $ {V}_{\mathrm{m}} $（cc/mol） 第Ⅳ期白云石 2 911.69 0.274 74 58.389 85 第Ⅳ期石英 2 911.32 0.293 78 54.604 79 第Ⅳ期石英 2 911.32 0.293 95 54.573 75 第Ⅳ期石英 2 911.32 0.293 79 54.604 17 第Ⅴ期方解石 2 912.48 0.235 48 68.126 24 
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表 2 不同成岩期次矿物中流体包裹体的捕获温度和捕获压力
Table 2. Trapping temperature and trapping pressure of fluid inclusions at different diagenetic sequence
样品信息 期次 均一温度（℃） 冰点（℃） 盐度
（%）捕获温度（℃） 捕获压力（MPa） 磨溪111
5 487.16 m第Ⅱ期白云石 113 -10.1 14.04 130.12 41.69 117 -8.6 12.39 134.99 40.77 磨溪111
5 483.6 m第Ⅲ期白云石 123 -5.9 9.08 142.76 43.50 磨溪12
5 432.4 m第Ⅳ期白云石 216 -10.4 14.36 215.70 119.27 第Ⅳ期石英 217 -6.5 9.86 217.00 138.78 220 -5.6 8.68 219.60 139.78 214 -6.7 10.11 213.50 137.43 磨溪111
5 483.6 m第Ⅴ期方解石 174 -5.7 8.81 173.60 66.65
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表 3 不同成岩期次白云石形成年龄与温度数据
Table 3. The age and temperature of dolomites at different diagenetic sequence
本文确定的年龄与温度 U-Pb同位素测年及团簇同位素Δ47测温数据 成岩期次 年龄（Ma） 温度（℃） 测试矿物 U-Pb年龄（Ma） Δ47温度（℃） 参考文献 第Ⅱ期白云石 240~225 130~135 粗晶白云石 248±27 138.75 沈安江等(2021) 第Ⅲ期白云石 225~200 135~145 粗晶白云石 216.4±7.7 / 沈安江等(2021) 第Ⅳ期白云石 115~105 210~220 鞍状白云石 115±69 250 胡安平等(2021)
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