Comparison of Enrichment Characteristics of Typical Normally-Pressured Shale Gas Reservoirs in Lower Silurian Shale in Southeastern Sichuan Basin and Devonian Shales in Appalachian Basin
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摘要: 经各国持续攻关，超压页岩气在大多国家实现了商业化开发，但常压页岩气仅美国实现了商业化开发.为了摆脱我国高天然气对外依存度的现状，应尽快实现常压页岩气的商业化开发，亟需对其富集特征展开研究，期望对勘探开发方案的制定提供指导.从川东南下志留统与Appalachian泥盆系典型常压页岩气储层的构造沉积差异演化开始，分析了储层地球化学与页岩气赋存特征差异，明确中美常压页岩气藏富集的差异性.相较于Appalachian泥盆系Marcellus页岩、Ohio页岩的较简单构造改造、富含Ⅱ-Ⅲ型干酪根、高含气孔隙度以及气藏远出露区，川东南下志留统五峰‒龙马溪组页岩层虽富含高过熟Ⅰ型干酪根，但经历多期复杂构造运动，底板较破碎、地层倾角较大，页岩气易顺层运移至破碎底板处和露头区逸散，其含气性略低于Marcellus页岩.Ohio页岩虽含气性较低、富集程度不高，但由于其埋藏浅、温压低，更易降压解吸形成工业气流.Abstract: After continuous research in various countries, overpressured shale gas has been commercially developed in most countries, but normally-pressured shale gas has only been commercially developed in the United States. In order to overcome the current situation of China's high external dependence on natural gas, the commercial development of normally-pressured shale gas will play significant role to fulfill the demand in natural gas. It is urgent to study its enrichment characteristics, which may provide guidance for the formulation of development plans. This study starts from the tectonic & sedimentary evolution of typical normally-pressured shale gas reservoirs in the Lower Silurian shale of Sichuan Basin and Devonian shales of the Appalachian Basin. Then, the differences in reservoir geochemistry and shale gas occurrence characteristics are analyzed. Finally, the paper conducts the comparion analyses in the enrichment of normally-pressured shale gas reservoirs in China and the United States. Compared to the Appalachian Devonian Marcellus shale and Ohio shale with simple structural deformation, rich type Ⅱ-Ⅲ kerogen, high gas-bearing porosity and far away from outcrop, the Lower Silurian Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation shale layer in southeastern Sichuan is rich in high-mature type Ⅰ kerogen, and has undergone multiple stages of complex tectonic movement. This means that underlain formation is more structurally-deformed, the formation dip angle is larger, and the shale gas is easy to migrate to the underlain fractured rock and outcrop area to leak, so its gas content is slightly lower than that of Marcellus shale. But for the Ohio shale, even though which has low gas content and low enrichment, it is easier to reach industrial gas flow by depressurization due to its shallow burial and low temperature and pressure.
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图 2 Appalachian泥盆系和川东南下志留统沉积层序对比
Fig. 2. Comparison of sedimentary sequence between Devonian strata in Appalachian Basin and Low Silurian strata in southeastern Sichuan Basin
图 3 Appalachian和川东南沉积模式差异
Fig. 3. Differences in depositional models between Appalachian Basin and southeastern Sichuan Basin
图 4 Appalachian泥盆系页岩和川东南下志留统页岩TOC分布直方图（数据引自Ruppert et al.，2015）
Fig. 4. Histograms of TOC distribution in Devonian shale in Appalachian Basin and Low Silurian shale in southeastern Sichuan Basin (data from Ruppert et al., 2015)
图 5 Appalachian泥盆系页岩氢‒氧指数交汇图（数据引自Ruppert et al.，2015）
Fig. 5. Diagram of the hydrogen-oxygen index of Devonian shale in Appalachian Basin (data from Ruppert et al., 2015)
图 6 川东南五峰‒龙马溪组干酪根碳同位素剖面图
Fig. 6. Kerogen carbon isotope profile of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in southeastern Sichuan Basin
图 7 Appalachian泥盆系页岩和川东南下志留统页岩有机质成熟度（Ro）剖面图
Marcellus和Ohio页岩数据引自Ruppert et al.（2015）
Fig. 7. Organic maturity (Ro) profiles of Devonian shale in Appalachian Basin and Low Silurian shale in southeastern Sichuan Basin
图 8 Appalachian泥盆系页岩和川东南下志留统页岩储层温压
Fig. 8. Temperature and pressure of Devonian shale in Appalachian Basin and Lower Silurian shale in southeastern Sichuan Basin
图 10 中美典型常压和超压页岩含气量和有机质关系
美国部分页岩数据引自Hill and Nelson（2000）
Fig. 10. Relationship between gas content and organic matter of typical normally-pressure and overpressured shales in China and the United States
图 11 Appalachian泥盆系页岩和川东南下志留统页岩吸附能力对比
Fig. 11. Comparison of adsorption capacity between Devonian shale in Appalachian Basin and Lower Silurian shale in southeastern Sichuan Basin
图 12 Appalachian泥盆系页岩和川东南下志留统页岩含气性对比
Fig. 12. Comparison of gas-bearing properties between Appalachian Devonian shale and Lower Silurian shale in southeastern Sichuan Basin
图 13 Appalachian泥盆系页岩和川东南下志留统页岩5 MPa加压解吸模拟
Fig. 13. 5 MPa pressure analytical simulation of Devonian shale in Appalachian Basin and Lower Silurian shale in southeastern Sichuan Basin
图 14 川东南距露头距离与压力系数之间的关系
Fig. 14. The relationship between the distance from the outcrop and the pressure coefficient in southeastern Sichuan Basin
图 15 地层倾角‒抬升幅度‒顺层渗流能力之间的关系（据姜振学等，2020）
Fig. 15. Relationship between formation dip angle, uplift amplitude and bedding seepage capacity (from Jiang et al., 2020)
表 1 中美典型常压页岩气藏主要参数特征
Table 1. Main parameter characteristics of typical normal pressure shale gas reservoirs in China and the United States
页岩气藏 盆地 时代 沉积
背景岩相 TOC
(%)成熟度(%) 孔隙度
(%)压力
系数五峰‒龙马溪 扬子地台 早志留 前陆
陆棚硅质 2~8 1.7~3.2 2~5 0.7~1.2 Barnett Fort Worth 密西
西比前陆
陆棚硅质 4~6 1.0~2.1 4~6 1.0~1.1 Marcellus Appalachian 中泥盆 前陆
陆棚硅质‒黏土质 2~8 1.3~3.0 2~7 0.7~1.2 Fayettovi1lo Arkoma 密西
西比前陆
陆棚硅质 2~10 1.5~4.0 4~5 0.8~1.0 Antrim Michigan 晚泥盆 克拉通 硅质 1 0.4~0.6 9 0.7~0.8 Ohio Appalachian盆地Big Sandy产区 晚泥盆 前陆
陆棚硅质 2~6 0.6~1.5 2~6 0.5~0.7 注：据Hill and Nelson（2000）、蒋恕等（2017）和郭彤楼等（2020）. 
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表 2 川东南五峰组底部破碎情况
Table 2. Fractured bottom interval of the Wufeng Formation in southeastern Sichuan Basin
井名 JY10-10 JY194-3 LY1 PY1 SY1 底部破碎 
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表 3 Marcellus页岩和川东南LY1井为例的龙马溪页岩构造抬升与页岩气损失量
Table 3. Structural uplift and shale gas loss between Marcellus shale and Longmaxi shale exampled by LY1 Well
Marcellus LY1 抬升幅度（m） 1 524 3 700 抬升时间（Ma） 230 95 抬升速率（m/Ma） 6.63 38.95 损失量（m3/t） 10.5 42.3
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