The Lithofacies Paleogeographic of the Middle Permian Deep Maokou Formation and Its Significance for Hydrocarbon Exploration, Northwestern Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 四川盆地西北部是深层油气勘探的重点区域，围绕“开江-梁平海槽”发现多个长兴组台缘礁滩型气田. 近年，随着该油气带下的茅口组获得新的油气发现，海槽的形成时间和范围及其对茅口组有利勘探区带的约束成为新的研究热点.基于川西北地区剖面钻井资料，详细开展茅口组的岩相古地理重建. 揭示出川西北地区茅口中-晚期呈现深水相和台地相的分异，相带沉积作用造成地层厚度的带状协同差异；重建了茅口中-晚期的岩相古地理，刻画出该时期的构造-沉积分异格局；明确“开江-梁平海槽”形成时间应向前推至中二叠世晚期.总体上，茅口组深水槽沿广元-巴中-平昌一带展布，其两侧台缘是新的潜在大型油气聚集带. 沿该深水槽的构造-沉积分异形成的台缘带为初始地貌继承型边缘，具有宽边缘、薄滩体的特点，滩相结构为间断加积状，与其上长兴期镶边塑造的连续加积或进积形成的窄边缘、厚滩体模式形成鲜明对比.Abstract: The northwest of Sichuan Basin are the key region of deep oil and gas exploration. Changxing Formation Formation platform marginal reef-flat gas fields have been discovered around"Kaijiang-Liangping" deep-water trough. Recently, with the new discovery of oil and gas in the Maokou Formation under the oil and gas accumulation zone, the forming time and scope of the deep-water trough and its constraint on the favorable exploration zone of the Maokou Formation have become a new research hotspot. Based on several field outcrop sections and drilling data in northwest Sichuan Basin, we reconstructed lithofacies paleogeographic of Maokou Formation in detail, and revealed the differentiation of deep-water facies and platform facies in Middle-Late of Maokou Formation. The sedimentation in facies belt results in the zonal synergistic difference in strata thickness; We reconstructed the lithofacies paleogeography and described the structure-sedimentary differentiation model of the Middle-Late Maokou Formation. This study confirms that the forming time of Kaijiang-Liangping trough should be pushed forward to the late of Middle Permian. Generally speaking, the deep-water trough of Makou Formation spreads along the Guangyuan-Bazhong-Pingchang area, and the platform margins on both sides are the potential development area of a new large-scale oil and gas accumulation zone. The platform margin zone formed by the tectonic-sedimentary differentiation is the initial geomorphological inherited margin along deep water trough, with the characteristics of wide margin and thin shoal body. The structure of shoal facies is discontinuous accretion, which is in sharp contrast to the narrow margin and thick shoal pattern formed by continuous accretion or progradation of generated on the edge in Changxing Formation.
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图 1 研究区地质背景图
a.中二叠世全球古地理，据
https://deeptimemaps.com/global-series/.jpg ；b.华南茅口组古地理图，据Yao et al.（2015）修改；c.川西北地质概况，底图据谷歌地图；d.川西北二叠系茅口组综合柱状图Fig. 1. The Geology background map of study area
图 3 典型沉积微相特征
a. 生屑灰岩，茅三段，鹿渡坝剖面；b. 生屑灰岩，茅三段，鹿渡坝剖面，单偏光；c. 厚层灰岩，茅四段，上寺剖面；d. 生屑灰岩，茅四段，上寺剖面，单偏光；e. 生屑灰岩，茅三段，上寺剖面；f. 生屑灰岩，茅三段，鹿渡坝剖面，单偏光
Fig. 3. The typical characteristics of sedimentary microfacies
图 4 川西北茅二段-茅四段（孤峰段）地层厚度对比
剖面位置见图 1c中A-Aʹ
Fig. 4. The comparison of formation thickness from the P2m2 to P2m4(Gufeng member) members in the northwestern Sichuan Basin
图 5 地震剖面厚度揭示台-槽分异
剖面位置见图 1c中B-Bʹ；台地边缘从茅口组上部开始出现明显的坡折，反映了茅口组-吴家坪组期间台地边缘滩的迁移现象（白色箭头线）
Fig. 5. The thickness of seismic profile reveals platform-trough differentiation
图 6 川西北地层平面厚度分布
Fig. 6. The distribution of stratigraphic thickness in the northwestern Sichuan Basin
图 7 川西北茅口组中-晚期岩相古地理
Fig. 7. Lithofacies palaeogeography of middle-upper Maokou Formation in the northwestern Sichuan Basin
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