Re-Os Dating of the Wusihe Paleo-Reservoir and Its Response to Emeishan Large Igneous Province Actvities in the Southwest Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 在盆地形成演化的漫长过程中，岩浆的侵入、深部高温流体上涌等热事件会导致盆地存在热异常，从而对油气的生成演化起重要的控制作用.位于四川盆地西南部峨眉山大火成岩省中带的乌斯河上震旦统至下寒武统古油藏是开展火山作用与油气成藏演化关系研究的理想对象.针对该古油藏，论文开展了沥青镜质体反射率和有机元素含量分析以及Re-Os同位素测年工作，并结合前人相关钻井埋藏史、热历史以及峨眉山大火成岩省的研究成果，揭示了沥青的成因和演化，探讨了乌斯河油气成藏作用与火山活动的联系.研究结果表明：乌斯河古油藏沥青具有较高的沥青反射率（~2.27~2.77）及较低的H/C原子比（0.21~0.22），成因为经历了热裂解作用形成的焦沥青；沥青Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为~262 Ma，记录了原油热裂解、天然气生成的时间.对比四川盆地内部及川东北地区上震旦统至下寒武统油气成藏的关键时刻，乌斯河地区~262 Ma较早的原油裂解时间与邻区H1井异常的热事件时间（~260 Ma）、峨眉山大火成岩省的形成时代（257~263 Ma）近于一致. 这表明乌斯河地区油气成藏作用受同期大火成岩省火山活动的控制，焦沥青的形成及其Re-Os同位素年龄是对峨眉山超级地幔柱活动的响应. 研究从年代学的角度建立了四川盆地火山活动、异常热事件、烃源岩异常热演化与原油裂解天然气生成之间的联系，为峨眉山大火成岩省的油气成藏效应研究提供了一个典型实例.Abstract: During the long process of basin formation and evolution, thermal events such as magma intrusion and deep high temperature fluid upwelling will lead to thermal anomalies and directly control the petroleum evolution. Located in the inter-mediate zone of Emeishan large igneous province in southwest Sichuan Basin, the Upper Neoproterozoic-Lower Cambrian Wusihe paleo-reservoir is an ideal object on revealing the relationship between volcanism and the petroleum evolution. Integrating the bitumen reflectance (Rb), elementary composition and Re-Os isotope dating in this work as well as the burial history, thermal histories and key timings related to Emeishan large igneous province from published works, the origin and evolution of bitumen were discussed and the relationship between petroleum accumulation and volcanic activity was established in the Wusihe area. The high bitumen reflectivity (~2.27−2.77) and low H/C atomic ratio (0.21−0.22) of the solid bitumen indicate they are high maturity pyrobitumen formed by thermal cracking. The Re-Os dates (~262 Ma) of the solid bitumen recorded timing of crude oil cracking and gas generation. In addition, the nearly same timing among the oil cracking, abnormal thermal event revealed by H1 Well (~260 Ma), as well as the Eruptive time for the Emeishan igneous province (257−263 Ma) indicate the petroleum evolution in the Wusihe reservoir is controlled by volcanic activities in the Emeishan igneous province during the same period, and the formation of the pyrobitumen and its Re-Os isotopic age are the responses to the activities of the Emeishan super mantle plume. This study provides a typical example for the study of petroleum evolution effect in Emeishan large igneous province.
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Key words:
- paleo-reservoir /
- Bitumen /
- Re-Os isotope /
- Volcanism /
- Emeishan large igneous province /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 (a) 研究区区域地质图; (b)主要钻井热史图; (c)峨眉山大火成岩省年龄统计图
a. 据朱传庆等（2010）、吴越（2013），修改；b. 据朱传庆等（2010）；c. 数据来源：何冰辉（2016）；潘江涛等（2022）等
Fig. 1. (a)Regional geological map of studied area; (b) Thermal histories of main drilling wells in the SW Sichuan Basin; (c)Statistical histogram of ages for Emeishan large igneous province
图 2 研究区地层柱状图及生储盖组合
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic histogram and source-reservoir-cap combination of studied area
图 3 乌斯河古油藏地质示意图及样品位置
（据熊索菲等，2016，修改）
Fig. 3. Geological map and sample location of Wusihe paleo-reservoir
图 4 乌斯河古油藏沥青样品手标本与镜下照片
c，d. 据熊索菲，2016；Cal. 方解石；Bit. 沥青；Q. 石英；Sp. 闪锌矿；Gn. 方铅矿
Fig. 4. Hand specimens and microscopic photographs of bitumen samples from paleo-reservoirs of the Wusihe area
图 5 典型沥青样品镜下反射率测定特征(a)及反射率统计直方图(b)
Fig. 5. Spectroscopic reflectance measurement characteristics of typical bitumen samples (a) and reflectance statistical histogram (b)
图 6 乌斯河古油藏沥青Re-Os等时线年龄图
Fig. 6. The Re-Os isochron age diagram of bitumen samples from the Wusihe paleo-reservoir
图 7 峨眉山大火成岩省火山活动年龄统计图
数据来源：何冰辉（2016）；潘江涛等（2022）；周寅生等（2022）等
Fig. 7. Age statistics of volcanic activities in the Emeishan large igneous province
图 8 川西南地区油气藏演化及与峨眉山大火成岩省火山作用关系综合模式图
Fig. 8. Comprehensive model for petroleum evolution and its related to volcanic activities of the Emeishan large igneous province in southwest Sichuan Basin
表 1 乌斯河古油藏沥青反射率测试数据表
Table 1. Experimental data of bitumen reflectance in the Wusihe paleo-reservoir
样品号 WSH21 WSH118 WSH119 WSH122 测点1 2.133 2.215 2.217 2.559 测点2 2.135 2.219 2.222 2.576 测点3 2.2 2.237 2.241 2.593 测点4 2.215 2.298 2.311 2.659 测点5 2.233 2.299 2.315 2.747 测点6 2.249 2.300 2.549 2.760 测点7 2.261 2.301 2.761 测点8 2.269 2.302 2.767 测点9 2.273 2.308 2.768 测点10 2.274 2.309 2.769 测点11 2.276 2.338 2.793 测点12 2.278 2.369 2.803 测点13 2.279 2.375 2.808 测点14 2.28 2.376 2.809 测点15 2.283 2.404 2.833 测点16 2.288 2.410 2.849 测点17 2.296 2.419 2.850 测点18 2.356 2.426 2.906 测点19 2.363 2.435 2.918 测点20 2.366 2.554 2.945 Rb平均值 2.265 2.345 2.309 2.774 标准离差SD 0.062 0.083 0.125 0.107 
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表 2 乌斯河古油藏沥青C、H、O、N元素及13C‰测试结果表
Table 2. Testing results of C, H, O, N elements and 13C ‰ of bitumen in Wusihe paleo-reservoir
原编号 井段(m) 层位 岩性 N% C% H% O% H/C O/C 13C‰ WSH-21 露头 寒武系 储层沥青 1.00 89.42 1.62 1.66 0.22 0.01 -36.22 WSH-118 露头 寒武系 储层沥青 1.11 90.29 1.60 1.07 0.21 0.01 -35.96 WSH-119 露头 寒武系 储层沥青 1.06 90.54 1.60 0.98 0.21 0.01 -36.22 WSH-120 露头 寒武系 储层沥青 1.04 90.42 1.58 1.00 0.21 0.01 / WSH-121 露头 寒武系 储层沥青 0.99 89.00 1.59 1.19 0.21 0.01 / WSH-122 露头 寒武系 储层沥青 1.00 90.83 1.57 0.83 0.21 0.01 -36.15
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表 3 乌斯河古油藏沥青样品Re、Os测试数据表
Table 3. Experimental data of Re and Os for bitumen samples from the Wusihe paleo-reservoir
样号 Re(10-9) ± Os(10-12) ± 187Re/188Os ± 187Os/188Os ± rho WSH-118 201.47 0.663 5 449.33 36.422 248.96 1.515 3.17 0.023 0.598 WSH-119 50.53 0.177 1 921.55 12.648 171.34 1.113 2.83 0.021 0.619 WSH-21 97.21 0.243 3 400.52 18.670 187.79 0.840 2.91 0.015 0.590 WSH-122 82.53 0.207 3 008.88 22.230 179.64 1.190 2.88 0.026 0.619
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