The Influence Lithologic Differences at Different Depths on the Segmentation between the Eastern and the Western zones of Kuqa Depression
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摘要: 为了进一步明确库车坳陷东西段构造差异发育的成因机制，采用构造物理模拟的方法探讨了东西段膏岩层粘度差异和基底性质差异对其构造分段特征的控制作用.构造模拟结果显示硅胶流变强度和基底强度的差异对实验演化过程的运动学特征有较大影响，构造样式也在不同的区域表现出差异性.实验结果与库车坳陷的构造特征对比分析认为：膏岩层粘度以及古生代基底强度差异是其东西构造分段的重要控制因素. 膏岩层粘度对盐上构造样式具有较强的控制作用，影响了盐上构造的传播范围和构造样式. 盐下构造样式主要依赖于基底强度，强度较弱的基底对盐下构造变形的传播有一定的抑制作用. 二者的共同影响下，库车坳陷的盐上和盐下构造样式均表现出东西分段特征.Abstract: The western and eastern zones of the Kuqa Depression show clear contrasts in geomorphology, structural belt width, and structural styles.In this study, we use physical analog modeling to explain the structural differences between the eastern and western zones of the Qiongdongnan Basin with the main variables being the strength of the gypsum rocks and basement. The model results show that the differences between the rheological strength of silicone and the basement have a great influence on the kinematic characteristics of the evolution process, and the structural styles are also different in different strength zones. By comparing the structural characteristics of Kuqa Depression with the structural pattern developed in analog models, it is considered that the differences in the viscosity of the gypsum-salt rocks and Paleozoic basement strength between the eastern and western zones of Kuqa Depression are the important factors for the segmentation of Kuqa Depression. The viscosity of gypsum rock layer has a strong controlling on the structure style above the gypsum-salt rocks, which affects the propagation range and structure styles.The structural styles under the gypsum-salt rocks closely related to the basement strength.The basement with weak strength inhibits the propagation of the structure under the gypsum-salt rocks. Thus, both the structural styles above and under the gypsum-salt rocks of Kuqa depression show the segmentations.
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图 2 库车坳陷典型构造剖面与地震解析
剖面位置见图 1；a. 库车坳陷西段典型地震剖面和构造解析；b. 库车坳陷东段典型地震剖面和构造解析
Fig. 2. Tectonic profiles in the western and eastern zones of the Kuqa Depression
图 3 库车坳陷东西部构造分段影响因素模型设计图
Fig. 3. Analog modeling ofthe factors affecting the structural segmentation in Kuqa Depression
图 4 模型一构造模拟演化过程
A~F：相机拍摄挤压过程；a~f：PIV技术速度场分析
Fig. 4. The tectonic evolution of analog model 1
图 5 模型二构造模拟演化过程
A~F：相机拍摄挤压过程；a~f：PIV技术速度场分析
Fig. 5. The tectonic evolution of the analog model 2
图 6 实验结果与库车坳陷地质原型对比分析图
Fig. 6. Comparative analysis of model results and natural prototypes from the plane and section
表 1 实验材料参数和模型的比例化
Table 1. Analogue material parameters and scaling ratios in the analogue experiments
参数 单位 模型（m） 自然界（n） 相似比（m/n） 重力加速度（g） m/s2 9.81 9.81 1 长度（L） m 0.01 2 000 5×10-6 速度（v） m/s 2×10-6 8.90×10-11~1.17×10-10 1.70×104~2.25×104 脆性层密度（ρ） kg/m3 1 297 2 400 0.54 膏岩层密度（ρ） kg/m3 987 2 200 0.45 脆性层摩擦系数（μ） - 0.73 0.60~0.85 0.858 膏岩层粘度（η） Pa·s 8×10-4 1020 8×10-16 聚合强度（C） Pa 90~127 4.3×107~4.7×107 2.5×10-6 
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