Experimental and Simulation Study on Reaction Migration of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Based on Electrochemical-Hydrodynamic Circulation System in Sand Tank
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摘要: 在室内砂槽实验尺度，建立了潜水-微承压含水层中电化学-水动力循环系统下混合氯代烃生物降解的反应迁移模型，求取了混合氯代烃体系中各组分的反应动力学参数，并基于模型探究了含水层性质及工艺参数对该修复过程的影响机制.研究结果表明：（1）增大抽水流量可加快反应速率常数大的污染物降解，同时也会抑制反应速率常数较小的污染物去除.（2）增大电流强度和井内电极对氯代烃的好氧降解和厌氧脱氯过程分别具有促进和抑制作用.（3）含水层非均质性越强，氯代烃降解速率越小，这尤其体现在低渗区，且含水层非均质性对易降解污染物修复效果的影响较小.Abstract: Using a subsurface electrochemical-hydrodynamic circulation system as a remediation technology, this study developes a reactive transport model of mixed chlorinated hydrocarbons in laboratory sand box experiments. The reaction kinetic parameters of each typical chlorinated hydrocarbon are estimated, revealing the influence mechanisms of aquifer properties and technological parameters on this remediation performance through the electrochemical-hydrodynamic circulation system installed in the sand tank experiment. The results indicate that: (1) An increasing pumping rate can accelerate the degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons with large reaction rate, on the contrary, a greater pumping rate inhibits the degradation with small reaction rate. (2) An increasing electric current intensity and the in-well electrode facilitate and inhibit the aerobic degradation and anaerobic dechlorination of chlorinated hydrocarbons, respectively. (3) A stronger heterogeneity of aquifer leads to a worse performance of chlorinated hydrocarbon degradation, especially in the low-permeability region; and the influence of aquifer heterogeneity on the remediation performance of easily degradable pollutants is very slight.
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图 4 各氯代烃浓度实测值与数值解的对比
Fig. 4. Comparison between experimental data and numerical results for chlorinated hydrocarbon concentration
图 5 不同抽水流量下污染物的浓度降解曲线
Fig. 5. Concentration degradation curves of pollutants at different pumping flow rates
图 6 不同电流强度下污染物的浓度降解曲线
Fig. 6. Concentration degradation curves of pollutants under different current intensities
图 7 不同电极位置下污染物的浓度降解曲线
Fig. 7. Concentration degradation curves at different electrode positions
图 8 非均质性含水层中污染物的浓度降解曲线
Fig. 8. Concentration degradation curves in heterogeneous aquifers
表 1 模型参数及默认取值
Table 1. Parameters used in this study and default values
参数名称 符号 取值 来源 粉砂孔隙度 $ {\varphi }_{1} $ 0.5 Cai et al.（2022） 中砂孔隙度 $ {\varphi }_{2} $ 0.4 注水井水头 H1 0.53 m 抽水井水头 H2 0.44 m 粉砂水平渗透系数 Kx1 1×10‒6 m/s 中砂水平渗透系数 Kx2 1.1×10‒4 m/s 渗透性各向异性比值 δ=Kx/Kz 10 粉砂纵向弥散度 αL1 1×10‒3 m Gelhar et al.（1992） 中砂纵向弥散度 αL2 1×10‒2 m 弥散度各向异性比值 η=αL/αT 10 微生物浓度 cx 1.1 mg/L Cai et al.（2022） VC好氧降解的反应速率常数 λVC 0.4 d‒1 Jesus et al.（2016） DCM好氧降解的反应速率常数 λDCM 9.34 d‒1 於建明等（2008） 
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表 2 污染物特征参数反演表
Table 2. Inversion results of pollutant characteristic parameters
参数 表达式 描述 λTCE1 0.11 L/(mg·d) TCE好氧共代谢反应速率常数 λTCE2 0.36 L/(mg·d) TCE厌氧脱氯反应速率常数 λDCA 27.3 L/(mg·d) 1, 2-DCA好氧共代谢反应速率常数 λCF 0.22 L/(mg·d) CF厌氧脱氯反应速率常数 m 800 其他耗氧量 KdTCE1 50 L/kg TCE在粉砂中的分配系数 KdTCE2 0.1 L/kg TCE在中砂的分配系数 KdDCA1 0.1 L/kg 1, 2-DCA在粉砂中的分配系数 KdDCA2 0.05 L/kg 1, 2-DCA在中砂的分配系数 KdCF1 1.5 L/kg CF在粉砂中的分配系数 KdCF2 0.08 L/kg CF在中砂的分配系数
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表 3 NSE计算表
Table 3. Results of NSE calculation
指标 TCE-C3 TCE-C4 1, 2-DCA-C3 1, 2-DCA-C4 CF-C3 CF-C4 NSE 0.06 0.68 0.62 0.70 0.75 0.87
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