Effect of Strike-Slip Activity of Basement Faults on Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Dongying Sag
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摘要: 弱变形构造带是沉积盆地盖层中客观存在的构造现象，并且与油气聚集关系密切，一般可以通过不同地质单元（次级断层、油藏、圈闭、相带、凹陷、岩体、潜山等）的有规律排列等现象进行识别.为了初步揭示盖层变形带变形强度与油气聚集规模这一问题，首先在渤海湾盆地初步识别出40条盖层变形带，然后应用变盖层厚度和变剪切强度的构造物理模拟实验方法研究基底断裂走滑活动对盆地沉积盖层产生断层的过程.应用SPSS软件，对基底走向滑动量、横向滑动量、实验盖层厚度、雁列缝长度等参数进行了多元二次函数拟合.根据东营凹陷八面河、王家岗地区古近系各时期地层厚度、构造图R剪切长度、实验估算的张扭角度，计算出了各个时期的基底断裂走滑量；在模拟实验各阶段充注染色石油，结合凹陷实例建立了基底断裂走滑早期R剪切单一通道运移‒孤立聚集、早中期R剪切主通道运移‒雁列串珠状聚集（王家岗）、P剪切主通道运移‒断续带状聚集、全通道运移‒连续带状聚等成藏模式（八面河）；最后指出盖层变形带上的R剪切增压变形段，R、P剪切交汇段是油气勘探有利目标区.Abstract: The development stage of the fault deformation zone refers to the weak deformation (strong concealment) zone developed in the sedimentary cover of the basin, which is the product of the early and middle stages of the formation and evolution of the fault zone. It is difficult to identify because of the lack of obvious fracture surface (zone) and significant displacement. It has been found that the weakly deformed tectonic belt is an objective tectonic phenomenon in the sedimentary basin cover, and is closely related to oil and gas accumulation. It can be recognized by regular arrangement of different geological units (secondary faults, oil reservoirs, traps, facies belts, depressions, rock masses, buried hills, etc.). In order to reveal the deformation intensity and hydrocarbon accumulation scale of cap cover deformation zone, the key issue of oil and gas geology, this paper takes the Dongying Sag as the research object and applies variable caprock thickness and the structural physical simulation experiment method in which variable shear strength is used to study the process of basement fault strike-slip activity on the formation of faults in the sedimentary caprock of the basin. Using SPSS software, taking the sliding amount of the basement/the thickness of the experimental cover layer (DNBD) as the independent variable x1, the amount of lateral sliding/the thickness of the experimental cover layer as the independent variable x2 (x2=x1×tanα) and the length of the echelon seam/the thickness of the experimental cover as the dependent variable y, multivariate quadratic function fitting was performed. According to the strata thickness, shear length of structural map R and experimentally estimated tensional and torsion angles by experiment in different periods of Paleogene in Bamianhe (strong strike slip) and Wangjiagang (weak strike slip) areas of Dongying Sag, the strike-slip amounts of the basement faults of Bamianhe and Wangjiagang fault zones in each period were calculated. At each stage of the simulation experiment, dyed oil was charged, and combined with the sag examples, the accumulation models of the basement faults were established, such as Early R shear single-channel migration-isolated aggregation, Early and mid-term R shear main channel migration-geese and beaded aggregation, P shear main channel migration-intermittent zonal aggregation, full channel migration-continuous belt aggregation, etc.. Finally, it is pointed out that the R shear pressurized deformation section and the R and P shear intersection section in the deformation zone are favorable target areas for oil and gas exploration.
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图 1 渤海湾盆地前古近系基底断裂分布略图
FⅠ.郯庐断裂；FⅡ.兰聊‒盐山断裂；FⅢ.霸县‒束鹿‒邯郸断裂；FⅣ.张家口‒蓬莱断裂；F1.太行山前断裂；F2.沧东断裂；F3.宁无断裂；F4.埕南断层；F5.陈南断层；F6.齐广断层；F7.大洼‒台安断层；F8.营口‒佟二堡断层；F9.献县断层；F10.埕北断层；F11.泰山‒铜冶店断层；F12.甘霖断层
Fig. 1. Outline of the distribution of basement faults in the Pre-Paleogene in the Bohai Bay Basin
图 2 东营凹陷基底断裂及油气分布
Fig. 2. Basement faults and oil and gas distribution in Dongying Sag
图 3 八面河、王家岗变形带构造特征
a.王家岗变形带平面构造特征；b.八面河变形带平面构造特征；c.王家岗变形带南段剖面构造特征；d.王家岗变形带中段剖面构造特征；e.王家岗变形带北段剖面构造特征；f.八面河变形带剖面构造特征
Fig. 3. Structural characteristics of the Bamianhe and Wangjiagang fault deformation zones
图 4 构造变形与烃类充注物理模拟实验
a. 注油总量43 mL模拟实验结果与油气聚集模式；b. 注油总量80 mL模拟实验结果与油气聚集模式
Fig. 4. Physical simulation experiment of structural deformation and hydrocarbon charging
图 5 盖层变形带结构、演化及控藏模式
a. R剪切单一通道运移‒孤立聚集成藏模式；b. R剪切主通道运移‒雁列串珠状聚集成藏模式；c. P剪切主通道运移‒断续带状聚集成藏模式；d. 全通道运移‒连续带状聚集成藏模式
Fig. 5. The structure, evolution, and reservoir control model of the fault deformation zone.R-shear single-channel migration-isolated accumulation model
图 6 王家岗、八面河盖层变形带断裂活动期和生排烃期匹配关系
Fig. 6. Matching between faulting stages and the main stages of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion (wangjiagang and bamianhe concealed fault zone)
表 1 渤海湾盆地识别变形带
Table 1. Summary of identification of fault deformation zones in the Bohai Bay Basin
分布位置 断层名称 走向 长度(km) 宽度(km) 级别 东营凹陷 八面河变形带 北东向 18~20 < 10 圈闭级 东营凹陷 王家岗变形带 北东向 15~17 < 10 圈闭级 东营凹陷 滨南‒平方王变形带 北东向 22~26 < 12 凹陷级 东营凹陷 胜坨‒大芦湖变形带 北东向 25~29 < 15 凹陷级 东营凹陷 永安镇‒东辛‒梁家楼变形带 北东向 35~39 < 12 凹陷级 东营凹陷 胜坨‒东辛‒广利变形带 北西向 40~45 < 15 凹陷级 东营凹陷 滨南‒王家岗变形带 北西向 50~55 < 17 凹陷级 东营凹陷 林樊家‒纯化‒乐安变形带 北西向 65~70 < 20 凹陷级 东营凹陷 平方王‒正理庄‒金家变形带 南北向 35~40 < 15 凹陷级 惠民凹陷 肖庄‒临商变形带 北东东 40~45 < 10 凹陷级 惠民凹陷 夏口变形带 北东东 40~45 < 10 凹陷级 济阳坳陷 罗家‒胜坨‒乐安变形带 南北向 90~100 < 20 坳陷级 济阳坳陷 垦利‒渤南‒大王庄变形带 北西西 93~98 < 20 坳陷级 济阳坳陷 垦东变形带 北北东 24~30 < 10 凹陷级 济阳坳陷 滩海变形带 北西向 63~65 15~20 坳陷级 济阳坳陷 临盘‒玉皇庙‒英雄滩 北东向 102~107 < 20 坳陷级 青东凹陷 青东变形带 北北东向 31~35 1‒8 洼陷级 渤中坳陷 渤东变形带 北东向 40 30 洼陷级 渤中坳陷 蓬莱变形带 北北东 34 10 洼陷级 南堡凹陷 南堡2号‒林雀变形带 北西向 40~45 < 15 凹陷级 南堡凹陷 高柳‒蛤坨变形带 北西向 47~50 < 15 凹陷级 南堡凹陷 沙北变形带 北东向 32~35 < 12 凹陷级 南堡凹陷 南堡‒高柳变形带 北东向 31~35 < 12 凹陷级 南堡凹陷 沙垒田变形带 北东向 22~25 < 10 凹陷级 饶阳凹陷 赵黄庄变形带 北西向 22~25 < 10 凹陷级 黄骅坳陷 海河变形带 北西向 25~30 < 10 坳陷级 黄骅坳陷 小站变形带 北西向 22~27 < 10 坳陷级 黄骅坳陷 增福台变形带 北西向 22~27 < 15 坳陷级 黄骅坳陷 埕北变形带 北西向 21~25 < 15 坳陷级 黄骅坳陷 扣村变形带 北北西 32~38 < 20 坳陷级 黄骅坳陷 北塘变形带 北北西 32~35 < 20 坳陷级 黄骅坳陷 孔店‒小集‒乌马营变形带 北东向 110~120 < 24 坳陷级 黄骅坳陷 歧口变形带 北北东 170~180 > 100 坳陷级 渤海湾盆地 徐水‒安新变形带 北西向 130~140 < 30 盆地级 渤海湾盆地 衡水变形带 北西向 100~110 < 30 盆地级 渤海湾盆地 夏津‒腰站变形带 北西向 80~90 < 30 盆地级 渤海湾盆地 塘沽‒蓬莱变形带 北西向 160~180 < 50 盆地级 渤海湾盆地 回隆镇‒马陵变形带 北西向 60~70 < 30 盆地级 渤海湾盆地 秦皇岛‒旅顺变形带 北西向 40~50 20‒30 盆地级 渤海湾盆地 封丘‒兰考变形带 北西向 80~90 20‒30 盆地级 
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表 2 模型拟合度分析结果
Table 2. Model fit analysis results
R(%) R2(%) 调整R2(%) 标准估计的误差(%) 0.902 0.813 0.809 0.370 19
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表 3 显著性分析结果
Table 3. Significance analysis results
平方和 df 均方 F Sig 回归 51.326 2 25.663 187.268 0 残差 11.785 86 0.137 总计 63.111 88
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表 4 模型系数分析结果
Table 4. Model coefficient analysis results
非标准化系数 标准系数 t Sig B 标准误差 试用版 常量 0.184 0.092 2.004 0.048 走滑位移量 1.071 0.095 0.532 11.322 0 横向位移量 1.840 1.840 0.660 14.027 0 注：表格中的走滑位移量DNBD=基底断裂走滑位移量/盖层厚度，横向位移量HNBD=基底断裂横向位移量/盖层厚度.
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表 5 八面河变形带走滑量计算结果
Table 5. Strike-slip calculation results of the Bamianhe fault trend zone
层位 地层厚度(m) 雁列式断层长度(km) 基底断裂走滑位移量(km) 基底断裂走滑位移量/盖层厚度 所处演化阶段 Es2-Ed ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ Es3 190 3.00，已贯通 1.62 8.48 显性阶段 Es4 260 2.76，已贯通 1.36 6.39 显性阶段 Ek 460 2.63，已贯通 1.34 2.89 显性阶段
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表 6 王家岗变形带走滑量计算结果
Table 6. Calculation results of strike-slip in Wangjiagang fault trend zone
层位 地层厚度(m) 雁列式断层长度(km) 基底断裂走滑位移量(km) 基底断裂走滑位移量/盖层厚度 所处演化阶段 Es2-Ed ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ Es3 820 4.20 2.00 2.53 变形带阶段 Es4 650 3.00 1.59 2.22 变形带阶段 Ek 1 600 2.58 0.66 0.42 变形带阶段
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表 7 盖层变形带变形强度与油气富集程度定量参数（累计注油量43 mL）
Table 7. Quantitative parameters of deformation strength and hydrocarbon enrichment degree of fault trend zone (cumulative oil injection volume 43 mL)
阶段 盖层变形带变形强度(cm) 注油量(mL) 损耗量(mL) 压力(kPa) 累计充注时间(min) 充注次数（次） 油注高度(cm) 圈闭面积充满度(%) a 1.69 6 2 70 3 2 0.20 10 b 3.81 11 2 70 7 3 1.60 20 c 7.6 14 5 45 9 3 1.93 45 d 11.95 14 6 15 10 2 2.27 70
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表 8 盖层变形带变形强度与油气富集程度定量参数（累计注油量80 mL）
Table 8. Quantitative parameters of deformation strength and hydrocarbon enrichment degree of fault trend zone (cumulative oil injection volume 80 mL)
阶段 盖层变形带变形强度(cm) 注油量(mL) 损耗量(mL) 压力(kPa) 累计充注时间(min) 充注次数（次） 油注高度(cm) 圈闭面积充满度(%) A 1.56 12 4 90 3 2 1.64 20 B 3.76 20 4 90 7 3 2.32 55 C 7.32 24 10 70 9 3 3.10 75 D 11.60 24 10 45 10 2 3.35 90
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