Provenance Characteristics and Sedimentary Evolution of Zhu Ⅰ Depression in Paleogene: Indications from Detrital Zircon Ages
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摘要: 珠一坳陷古近系裂陷过程中的沉积演化一直缺乏系统认识.采用碎屑锆石U-Pb定年方法，对珠一坳陷4个凹陷内的钻井古近系文昌组和恩平组砂岩开展“源‒汇”对比分析，解析其不同演化阶段年代学、物源特征及沉积演化等信息.结果显示珠一坳陷断陷期不仅接受盆内低凸起区、隆起区剥蚀的碎屑物质，还受到盆外北部古水系长距离搬运的陆源碎屑的影响.其中，始新世文昌组沉积物以盆内短程物源为主，年龄谱系除陆丰凹陷还表现出加里东期‒燕山期多峰态外，在各凹陷均以燕山期单峰为特征，洼陷沉积区周缘隆起的中生代岩浆岩、中生界沉积岩地层及新生代火山岩构成该时期湖盆的物质来源；恩平组沉积物在恩平北部和惠州西部率先接受华南水系沉积物影响，在恩平组沉积晚期珠一坳陷普遍接受了来自华南隆褶带的物质输入，年龄谱系呈现以燕山‒印支‒加里东期为主的多峰特征，出现晋宁期、元古代、新太古代的古老年龄，指示珠一坳陷的物源结构发生重大变化，即由盆内古隆起物源转变为盆内和盆外造山带双重物源，该时期沉积体系以大型浅水三角洲为特征.Abstract: The sedimentary filling evolution during the Paleogene rifting process in Zhu Ⅰ depression remains hotly disputed. Tracing source to sink process of the Paleogene was carried out on the sandstones of Wenchang Formation and Enping Formation in Zhu Ⅰ depression, with the method of zircon U-Pb dating. The geochronology, provenance and sedimentary filling evolution in different evolution stages were further explored. The results show that the sags in Zhu Ⅰ depression not only received the intrabasinal provenances from the paleo-uplift area, but also were affected by the terrigenous supply transported from the northern peripheral uplifts in South China Block during rifting stage. The Wenchang Formation sediments were dominated by intrabasinal short-distance provenances, which were derived from paleo-uplifts nearby the sags, including Mesozoic magmatic rocks, Mesozoic sedimentary strata and Cenozoic volcanics. The U-Pb geochronology of all sags was characterized by the dominance of Yanshanian clusters except for multi-peaks in Yanshanian, Indosinian, Caledonian periods in Lufeng Sag. The sediments of the Enping Formation were firstly affected by the materials from the South China Block in the north of Enping Sag and the west of Huizhou Sag. During the deposition period of the upper Enping Formation, the age spectra of Zhu Ⅰ depression sediments show a wide Proterozoic to Mesozoic range with the peak complexity in Yanshanian, Indosinian, Caledonian and Jinningian periods. Thus, the sags were filled by the materials from both the South China Block and peripheral uplifts with the gradual increase of material supply from the South China Block, indicating that the basin provenances had changed from near-source to far-source ones. Meanwhile, the Zhu Ⅰ depression was characterized by large shallow braided deltas that were formed via relatively long-distance transportation.
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Key words:
- detrital zircon U-Pb /
- provenance transformation /
- Zhu Ⅰ depression /
- Paleogene /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 珠江口盆地区域地质图（陆区参考Cui et al., 2018修改）
Fig. 1. Geological background of the Pearl River Mouth Basin (the terrestrial area was modified after Cui et al., 2018)
图 2 珠一坳陷古近系构造单元及层序地层格架
Fig. 2. Structure outline and sequence stratigraphic framework of the Zhu Ⅰ depression in Paleogene
图 3 珠江口盆地基底花岗岩及火山岩锆石U-Pb定年统计图（a）；北江+东江支流现代沉积物碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱系图（b）
n为统计锆石颗粒数. 数据来源：赵梦等，2015；Liu et al.，2017
Fig. 3. Zircon U-Pb age histogram of granitoids and volcanic rocks in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (a); detrital zircon age histogram of modern sediments in the Beijiang River and Dongjiang River (b)
图 6 下文昌组沉积期珠一坳陷不同洼陷物源年龄谱特征（底图据米立军等，2018修改）
Fig. 6. Age spectrum characteristics of provenance areas for different sags in the Zhu Ⅰ depression during the depositional period of Lower Wenchang Formation (modified from Mi et al., 2018)
图 7 上文昌组沉积期珠一坳陷不同洼陷物源年龄谱特征（底图据米立军等，2018修改）
Fig. 7. Age spectrum characteristics of provenance areas for different sags in the Zhu Ⅰ depression during the depositional period of Upper Wenchang Formation (modified from Mi et al., 2018)
图 8 下恩平组沉积期珠一坳陷不同洼陷物源年龄谱特征
Fig. 8. Age spectrum characteristics of provenance areas for different sags in the Zhu Ⅰ depression during the depositional period of Lower Enping Formation
图 9 上恩平组沉积期珠一坳陷不同洼陷物源年龄谱特征
Fig. 9. Age spectrum characteristics of provenance areas for different sags in the Zhu Ⅰ depression during the depositional period of Upper Enping Formation
图 10 珠一坳陷古近系地层及潜在物源区锆石U-Pb年龄非矩阵多维度统计图（MDS）
绿色代表源区来自盆地火成岩基底，橙色代表源区与中生界地层有关，蓝色代表源区受华南陆缘输入影响. 实线表示相似性最高，虚线表示相似性次之
Fig. 10. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) plots of the zircon U-Pb ages of Paleogene strata in Zhu Ⅰ depression and potential source regions
图 11 文昌期珠一坳陷构造‒沉积响应示意图
Fig. 11. Tectonics-sedimentation response of the Zhu Ⅰ depression during the Wenchang rift stage
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