Cause Analyses of "Failure" for First Round Shale Oil Exploration Wells in Jiyang Depression
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摘要: 济阳坳陷沙三下和沙四上亚段富有机质泥页岩层系页岩油形成条件优越，但第一轮页岩油勘探开发探索阶段实施的4口评价井和4口系统取心井在优选的“有利层段”进行试油试采均未获得规模突破.为了揭示济阳坳陷第一轮页岩油探井“失利”的原因，系统剖析了4口系统取心井取心段的含油性、储集性、可压性与页岩油可动性特征以及针对4口系统取心优选的“有利层段”和4口评价井实施的工程工艺技术情况.结果表明，NY1、LY1取心段含油性、储集性、可压性与页岩油可动性均好，优选的“有利层段”合理，而FY1和L69井取心段含油性、储集性和页岩油可动性较NY1、LY1取心段明显偏低并且优选的“有利层段”不正确.4口评价井“失利”主要原因是水平井段富有机质泥页岩成熟度低和压裂工艺适应性差；系统取心井NY1和LY1井优选“有利层段”“失利”主要与仅采用了常规油气试油试采工具进行联测有关，FY1和L69井优选“有利层”“失利”则既与“有利层”优选失误有关，也与仅采用了常规油气试油试采工具进行联测有关.Abstract: The formation conditions of shale oil for the Lower Es3 (Third Member of Shahejie Formation) and Upper Es4 (Fourth Member of Shahejie Formation) Sub-member in Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, are excellent, but none of the production test results of four evaluation wells and four system coring wells at preferred favorable layers reach the level of scale breakthrough. In order to reveal the causes of "failure" for the first round shale oil exploration wells in Jiyang Depression, the characteristics of oiliness, reservoir property, compressibility and mobility of shale oil for coring section of four system coring wells and the implementation of engineering technologies to preferred favorable layers of four system coring wells and four evaluation wells, are systematically analyzed. The results of this study show that the oiliness, reservoir property, compressibility and mobility of shale oil for coring section from wells NY1 and LY1 are all good and preferred favorable layers are reasonable, but the oiliness, reservoir property, and mobility of shale oil for coring section from wells FY1 and L69 are obviously lower than results of wells NY1 and LY1 and preferred favorable layers are incorrect. The main causes of "failure" for four evaluation wells are the maturity of shales rich in organic matter of horizontal intervals are low and the fracturing engineering technologies are poorly adaptable. The cause of "failure" for NY1 and LY1 of system coring wells at preferred favorable layer is mainly related to only conventional oil and gas test and production tools are used for joint measurement. The causes of "failure" for FY1 and L69 of system coring wells for preferred favorable layer are not only the preferred favorable layers are wrong, but also only conventional oil and gas test and production tools are used for joint measurement.
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图 1 济阳坳陷第一轮页岩油探井位置简图
Fig. 1. The simplified map showing the locations of the first round shale oil exploration wells in Jiyang Depression
图 2 济阳坳陷页岩油探井取心段沙三下和沙四上亚段典型样品烃源岩品质
Fig. 2. The quality of source rocks of Es3x and Es4s from shale oil exploration wells in Jiyang Depression
图 3 济阳坳陷页岩油勘探系统取心井沙三下和沙四上亚段含油性与孔隙度特征
Fig. 3. The characteristics of oiliness and porosity from systemic cored wells of Es3x and Es4s for shale oil exploration in Jiyang Depression
图 4 济阳坳陷页岩油勘探系统取心井沙三下-沙四上亚段孔隙度与渗透率关系
Fig. 4. The relationship of porosity and permeability of Es3x and Es4s from systemic cored wells for shale oil exploration in Jiyang Depression
图 5 济阳坳陷页岩油勘探系统取心井沙三下‒沙四上亚段主要孔隙类型
a.L69井3 066.00 m，沙三下亚段，方解石晶间孔、晶间溶孔、粒内溶孔；b.FY1井3 053.92 m，沙三下亚段，草莓状黄铁晶粒孔，孔内发育油膜；c.FY1井3 053.92 m，沙三下亚段，长石溶蚀孔（孔壁见油膜）、矿物粒间孔；d.LY1井3 580.17 m，沙三下亚段，黏土矿物晶孔缝、有机孔；e.LY1井3 644.95 m，沙三下亚段，白云石晶间、晶内溶孔，粒缘缝；f.LY1井3 822.75 m，沙四上亚段，顺层缝/层理缝半充填 Fig. 5. The main pore types of Es3x and Es4s from systemic cored wells for shale oil exploration in Jiyang Depression
表 1 济阳坳陷第一轮页岩油探井试油试采情况统计结果（据宋明水，2019修改）
Table 1. The results of oil test and production for the first round shale oil exploration wells in Jiyang Depression (modification from Song, 2019)
井号 垂深（m） 等效镜质体发射率EqVRo（%） 水平段长度（m） 初始日产油量（t•d‒1) 求产方式 累积产油量(t) 主压裂工艺 措施 页岩油密度（g•cm‒3） NY1 3 403.2~3 510.0 0.89 油花 一开溢流折算 0.86 LY1 3 632.0~3 665.0 0.92 0.17 二开溢流折算 0.41 0.83 FY1 3 199.0~3 210.0 0.80 2.41 二开溢流折算 653 滑溜水+交联液体积压裂技术 压裂、泵抽 0.88 L69 3 040.0~3 066.0 0.75 0.85 2.9 0.89 BYP1 2 932.9 0.72 1 147 2.48 油管畅放 116 滑溜水/线性胶造复杂缝网+高黏液造主裂缝的主导工艺 压裂、泵抽 0.91 BYP2 2 564.1 0.65 716 1.11 油管畅放 70.3 线性胶造复杂缝网+高黏液造主裂缝的主导工艺 压裂、泵抽 0.93 BYP1-2 2 960.7 0.71 373.1 3.00 油管畅放 317 压裂、泵抽 0.92 LY1HF 3 229.1 0.81 633.8 2.29 管式泵 127.4 泵抽、酸洗 0.88 
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表 2 济阳坳陷沙三下和沙四上亚段不同岩相储集特征对比（据宋明水等，2020修改）
Table 2. The comparison of reservoir characteristics of different lithofacies from Es3x and Es4s in Jiyang Depression (modified from Song et al., 2020)
岩相 储集空间类型 孔径范围(nm) 孔径均值(nm) 孔隙度(%) 渗透率（10-3μm2） 富有机质纹层状泥质灰岩/灰质泥岩相 方解石晶间孔 240~825 560 5~16 1~50 黏土矿物微孔 11~489 270 富有机质层状泥质灰岩/灰质泥岩相 方解石晶间孔 126~525 500 4~13 0.05~1 黏土矿物微孔 7~325 75 富有机质块状灰质泥岩/泥岩相 方解石晶间孔 68~210 158 3~8 0.000 8~0.002 0 黏土矿物微孔 3~92 28
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表 3 济阳坳陷页岩油系统取心井沙三下和沙四上亚段矿物组成与脆性矿物指数
Table 3. The contents of minerals and brittle mineral index of Es3x and Es4s for systemic cored wells for shale oil exploration in Jiyang Depression
探井名称 层位 黏土矿物（%） 石英
（%）长石
（%）方解石（%） 白云石（%） 黄铁矿（%） 脆性矿物指数 可压性评价等级 样品数 FY1 沙三下亚段 23.7 23.8 4.1 38.4 7.2 2.6 76.1 好 798 沙四上亚段 17.2 24.1 4.2 39.1 12.4 2.8 82.6 好 756 NY1 沙三下亚段 21.1 26.1 3.1 40.5 6.4 2.6 78.7 好 99 沙四上亚段 22.8 21.8 5.5 32.4 14.2 3.2 77.1 好 595 LY1 沙三下亚段 34.5 23.9 4.4 27.1 7.1 2.9 65.4 较好 432 沙四上亚段 23.2 27.2 4.1 33.5 10.1 1.8 76.7 好 398 L69 沙三下亚段 18.9 19.1 1.4 51.5 5.3 3.6 80.9 好 426 沙四上亚段 10.3 15.8 1.2 55.2 15.1 2.3 89.6 好 23 注：各矿物含量为平均值，矿物含量分析结果据刘毅（2018）补充.
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