The Whole Apertures of Deeply Buried Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation Shale and Their Controlling Factors in Luzhou District, Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 页岩孔隙结构是控制与影响海相页岩储层质量的主要参数之一，对于页岩气资源评估、勘探和开发极其重要. 为阐明泸州地区深层五峰‒龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构，基于氦气膨胀法测孔隙度、矿物组分分析、TOC测试，采用CO2和N2吸附、高压压汞联合表征页岩全孔径，并与氧化‒还原条件、水分、TOC等因素藕合，探讨页岩孔径分布的主控因素.结果表明：页岩中以介孔为主，微孔次之，宏孔较少，平均分别占总孔隙的73%、23%、4%；孔径分布与孔隙体积从五峰组向上先增加后降低；TOC与低孔径孔体积相关性高；水分占据页岩孔隙，大幅降低页岩孔隙体积和表比面积. 因此，页岩孔径分布受沉积条件、TOC、水分共同控制.Abstract: Pore distribution of shale is a key parameter of the shale reservoir, and it is important to estimate shale gas resource reserve and for shale gas exploration and development. To characterize the pore apertures of deeply buried Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in the Luzhou district, carbon dioxide and nitrogen adsorption, high pressure mercury injection and helium expansion porosity were used, combined with the oxidation-reduction condition during the deposition, moisture and TOC. The data show that mesopores were main pore types, accounting for 73% of the total pore volume on average, followed by micropores of 23%, and macropores of 4%. Pore volume changed regularly with the deposited oxidation-reduction environment, and the TOC contents dominantly controlled the pore distributions and pore volumes, especially obvious for pores of less than 10 nm in diameter. Moisture could occupy some pores, and reduce the pore surface area and pore volume, with decrease amounting to 30%. Therefore, pore distributions were jointly controlled by oxidation-reduction condition, TOC and moisture.
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Key words:
- Wufeng- /
- Longmaxi Formation /
- deeply burial shale gas /
- pore aperture /
- Sichuan Basin /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 研究区位置与五峰‒龙马溪组页岩厚度图(a)、地层柱状图(b)
Fig. 1. The location of study area and Wufeng-Longmaxi shale thickness (a) and the stratigraphic section (b)
图 2 泸州五峰‒龙马溪组页岩样品CO2吸附曲线
Fig. 2. CO2 adsorption curve of shale samples from Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Luzhou area
图 3 基于低压CO2吸附法的页岩孔体积随孔径的分布
Fig. 3. Pore volume with pore size in shale based on low pressure CO2 adsorption method
图 4 页岩样品相对压力与N2吸附量的关系
Fig. 4. Relative pressure and N2 adsorption capacity of shale samples
图 5 基于低温N2吸附法的页岩孔体积随孔径的分布
Fig. 5. Pore volume and pore size in shale based on low temperature N2 adsorption method
图 7 基于高压压汞的页岩孔体积随孔径的分布
Fig. 7. Pore volume and pore size in shale based on high pressure mercury injection
图 12 微孔、介孔和宏孔在页岩中的比例
Fig. 12. Proportions of micropore, mesopore and macropore in shale
图 14 页岩TOC含量与孔体积的关系
Fig. 14. Relationship between TOC content and pore volume in shale
图 15 Y101H4-4-37样品干样与不同含水页岩样品孔体积对比
Fig. 15. Comparison of pore volume between dry samples of Y101H4-4-37 and different water-bearing shale samples
图 16 Y101H4-4-37样品干样与不同含水页岩样品比表面积对比
Fig. 16. Comparison of specific surface areas between dry samples of Y101H4-4-37 and different water-bearing shale samples
图 17 粘土矿物含量与孔隙体积、比表面积降低率的关系
Fig. 17. Correlation between clay mineral contents and pore volume and surface area
表 1 样品地化参数与矿物组分
Table 1. Geochemical parameters and mineral composition of samples
序号 样品编号 深度(m) 小层 TOC(%) 孔隙度
(%)X-衍射矿物组分(%) 粘土 石英 钾长石 斜长石 方解石 白云石 黄铁矿 1 Y101H2-7-16 4 113.29 ④ 3.01 3.64 49.5 36.6 / 4.9 2.6 3.2 3.2 2 Y101H4-4-30 4 134.14 ④ 2.71 3.29 35.1 43.8 1.0 6.5 6.4 5.4 1.7 3 Y101H4-4-44 4 142.81 ③ 5.04 5.54 19.3 68.1 / 3.2 2.7 4.5 2.1 4 Y101H2-7-29 4 142.87 ③ 4.44 3.69 36.9 49.4 / 6.6 2.6 2.4 2.1 5 Y101H4-4-52 4 146.73 ② 5.78 5.71 14.2 60.4 / 2.7 8.6 12.0 2.2 6 Y101H4-4-56 4 148.45 ② 4.94 6.02 11.0 61.5 / 2.1 7.8 16.4 1.2 7 Z206-26 4 267.88 ① 4.54 3.53 14.2 76.0 / 2.2 2.4 3.8 1.4 8 L205-24 4 031.77 ① 4.07 / 12.5 60.3 / 2.4 10.3 12.7 1.8 9 Y101H4-4-68 4 153.19 O3w 3.95 3.32 31.1 60.0 / 3.8 1.0 4.1 0.0 10 Y101H4-4-76 4 156.94 O3w 0.50 0.83 44.3 35.7 / 4.4 9.9 5.7 0.0 11 Y101H4-4-37 4 138.72 ③ 4.23 / 27.5 60.5 / 3.7 2.1 4.4 1.9 注：L205-4和Y101H4-4-37样品没有成功钻取圆柱样，因此没有孔隙度和高压压汞实验数据. 
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表 2 页岩样品不同孔径孔体积及其占总孔体积比例
Table 2. Pore volumes of shale samples with different pore sizes and their proportion in total pore volumes
表 3 水平衡实验结果
Table 3. Experimental result of water balance
样品编号 平衡
条件吸水率 比表面积 孔体积 比表面减少百分比(%) 孔隙度减少百分比(%) (%) (m2/g) (mm3/g) Y101H4-4-37 干燥 0.00 15.95 26.84 11% 0.65 13.16 21.90 17 18 33% 0.90 13.32 21.85 16 19 57% 1.19 12.26 20.43 23 24 75% 1.30 12.01 20.51 25 24 98% 2.33 11.16 18.97 30 29
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