Hydrocarbon Charging Stages and Their Differences in Different Structural Units of the Deep Zhuhai Formation in Wenchang A Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要: 珠江口盆地文昌A凹陷深部的古近系珠海组油气资源丰富，但不同区带油气成藏分布复杂，油气成藏时期的关键证据——包裹体的研究相对薄弱.为了准确厘定文昌A凹陷珠海组烃类充注时期，以研究区珠海组砂岩储层中的烃包裹体及其伴生盐水包裹体为研究对象，利用荧光光谱测定、激光拉曼光谱分析、显微测温等实验测试，结合包裹体捕获压力计算、埋藏史、热演化史、生烃演化史等分析，开展了凹陷中心及近珠三南断裂带油气成藏期次与差异性研究.结果表明，储层砂岩中烃包裹体及其伴生盐水包裹体成分主要为CH4、C2H6、CO2和H2O，同期盐水包裹体均一温度集中分布于95~180 ℃. 断裂带与凹陷中心均存在3期烃类充注，但油气充注时间有差别. 其中，凹陷中心第1期发生在21.9~13.9 Ma，第2期油充注发生在12.0~8.9 Ma，第3期油气充注时间7.8~4.8 Ma；断裂带第1期油充注发生在约21.7~10.2 Ma，第2期油充注发生在约9.1~4.9 Ma，第3期油气充注时间约为3.9~1.5 Ma.差异性构造沉降导致的烃源岩埋深的差异，以及多期断裂活动强度及其时空配置关系的不同，是造成凹陷中心及断裂带烃源岩生烃高峰的差异及油气成藏时间有先后之分的主要原因. 该结果为研究区油气勘探目标的选取与部署提供科学依据.Abstract: The Paleogene Zhuhai Formation in the deep Wenchang A Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin is rich in oil and gas resources, but the distribution of oil and gas reservoirs in different regions is complex, and the study of inclusions, the key evidence of oil and gas accumulation period, is relatively weak. In order to accurately determine the hydrocarbon charging periods of Zhuhai Formation in Wenchang A Sag, the hydrocarbon inclusions and their associated brine inclusions in the sandstone reservoirs of Zhuhai Formation in the study area were taken as the research object. Fluorescence spectroscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy, micro thermometry and other related experiment were used, combined with the analysis of inclusion capture pressure calculation, burial history, paleogeothermal evolution history, and thermal evolution history of hydrocarbon source rocks. The research on hydrocarbon charging stages and their differences in the central depression and the fault zone has been carried out. The results show that there are three kinds of inclusions, including high⁃density single⁃phase oil inclusions, two⁃phase of gas⁃liquid hydrocarbon inclusions and two⁃phase of gas⁃liquid saline inclusions in the sandstonereservoir. The components of hydrocarbon inclusions and the associated brine inclusions are mainly CH4, C2H6, SO2, CO2 and H2O, and the homogenization temperature of brine inclusions distributed mainly from 95 to 180 ℃. Three stages of hydrocarbon filling occurred both in the central depression and the fault zone, but the hydrocarbon filling time is different. The first hydrocarbon charging occurred in the central depression rangesfrom 21.9 to 13.9 Ma, the second oil filling occurred at 12.0 to 8.9 Ma, and the third oil and gas filling occurred at 7.8 to 4.8 Ma. However, in the fault zone, the first oil charging occurred at 21.7 to 10.2 Ma, the second one occurred at 9.1 to 4.9 Ma, and the third oil and gas filling was about 3.9 to 1.5 Ma. The difference of source rock burial depth, multi⁃stage fault activity and their spatio⁃temporal configuration caused by different tectonic subsidence is the main reason for the difference of hydrocarbon generation peak and hydrocarbon accumulation time in the central depression and fault zone. The research results provide a scientific basis forselection and deployment of oil and gas exploration targets in the study area.
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图 1 研究区构造特征及井位与地层分布综合图
据陈林等(2021)修改
Fig. 1. Comprehesive diagram shows structural characteristics and well and formationdistribution in the study area
图 2 文昌A凹西区不同构造单元珠海组砂岩类型及填隙物含量分布直方图
Fig. 2. Sandstone types and interstitial content distribution histogram of Zhuhai Formation in different tectonic units in the western area of Wenchang A Sag
图 3 文昌A凹西区珠海组储层中孔隙内的烃类荧光及光谱特征
a，b. 同一视域孔隙内烃类物质，3 565.62 m，W112；a.单偏光，b.荧光，c.黄色荧光包裹体光谱图；d，e. 同一视域孔隙内烃类物质，3553.45 m，W97；d.单偏光，e.荧光，f.黄绿色荧光包裹体光谱图；g，h，i. 同一视域孔隙内烃类物质，3 341.8 m，W102；g.单偏光，h.荧光，i.蓝绿色荧光包裹体光谱图
Fig. 3. Hydrocarbon fluorescence and spectral characteristics of pore filling in Zhuhai Formation reservoir in western area of Wenchang A Sag
图 4 文昌A凹西区珠海组储层中包裹体岩相学特征
a.包裹体分布在石英粒内愈裂缝及颗粒内，单偏光，3752.53 m，W103；b.含烃包裹体在偏光下边缘呈灰黑色，单偏光，3 752.53 m，W103；c.包裹体在紫外光照射下发荧光，3 752.53 m，W103；d.椭圆状包裹体，4 375.4 m，W101；e.方形包裹体，3 205.3 m，W92；f.不规则状包裹体，单偏光，3 769.53 m，W94
Fig. 4. Petrographic characteristics of inclusions in Zhuhai Formation reservoir in western area of Wenchang A Sag
图 5 文昌A凹陷西区珠海组储层中的原油包裹体及其典型光谱
a，b. 同一视域黄色荧光油包裹体，3 684.17 m，W102；a.单偏光，b. 荧光，c.黄色荧光包裹体光谱图；d，e. 同一视域黄绿色荧光包裹体，3 769.53 m，W915；d. 单偏光，e.荧光，f. 黄绿色荧光包裹体光谱图；g，h，i. 同一视域蓝绿色荧光包裹体，4 375.4 m，W101；g. 单偏光，h. 荧光，i. 黄绿色荧光包裹体光谱图
Fig. 5. Crude oil inclusions and their typical spectra in Zhuhai Formation reservoir in west area of Wenchang A Sag
图 6 文昌A凹陷珠海组典型包裹体激光拉曼光谱及岩相学特征
a. 包裹体单偏光，3 684.17 m，W102；b. 同期次油包裹体荧光谱峰；c. 包裹体激光拉曼谱图；d.包裹体单偏光，3 760.8 m，W915；e.同期次油包裹体荧光谱峰；f.包裹体激光拉曼谱图；g.包裹体单偏光，3 760.8 m，W915；h.同期次油包裹体荧光谱；i.包裹体激光拉曼谱图
Fig. 6. Laser Raman spectra and petrographic characteristics of typical inclusions in Zhuhai Formation in Wenchang A Sag
图 7 文昌A凹陷断裂带及凹陷中心典型井模拟置信图及埋藏热史-生烃史图
a.凹陷中心W915井模拟置信图；b.断裂带W103井模拟置信图；c.凹陷中心W915井热演化史图；d.断裂带W103井热演化史图
Fig. 7. The calibration, burial thermal history and hydrocarbon generation history of typical wells in the fault zone and the central depression of Wenchang A Sag
图 8 珠海组储层中包裹体均一温度直方图
Fig. 8. Homogenization temperature histogram of inclusions in Zhuhai Formation Reservoir
图 9 文昌A凹陷断裂带及凹陷中心油气充注时间图
a.凹陷中心; b.断裂带
Fig. 9. Diagram shows oil and gas filling time at the fault zone and the central depressionin Wenchang A Sag
图 10 文昌A凹陷构造特征及成藏模式图
剖面位置见图 1
Fig. 10. Sketch showing structural characteristics and hydrocarbon pool forming mode of Wenchang A Sag
表 1 样品及包裹体信息
Table 1. Information of samples and inclusions
井号 深度段(m) 层位 制片数量(铸体片/多功能片) 包裹体数量(油包裹体/盐水包裹体) W101 4 374~4 381 珠二段~珠三段 2/2 3/17 W102 3 341~3 688 珠二段~珠三段 5/3 3/27 W103 3 332~3 764 珠一段~珠三段 3/3 2/15 W112 3 564~3 566 珠二段 2/1 3/7 W144 2 246~2 386 珠一段 3/3 2/12 W84 2 629~2 726 珠一段 3/3 2/10 W911 3 407~3 746 珠二段~珠三段 3/3 4/27 W912 3 230~3 243 珠二段 3/3 3/18 W915 3 759~3 769 珠三段 3/3 2/15 W92 3 984~3 996 珠二段 3/2 2/15 W93 3 750~3 846 珠二段 2/1 2/11 W94 3 204~4 383 珠一段~珠三段 6/5 12/32 W97 3 544~3 553 珠二段 2/1 2/7 W98 3 795~3 852 珠三段 3/3 4/13 
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表 2 文昌A凹陷珠海组部分原油包裹体荧光光谱参数
Table 2. Fluorescence spectral parameters of some crude oil inclusions in Zhuhai Formation of Wenchang Sag
井号 深度(m) 颜色 幕次 λmax Q QF535 W102 3 684.17 黄绿色 第1 545.8 0.905 1.12 黄绿色 第1 545.8 0.691 1.08 蓝绿色 第2 512.7 0.417 0.90 蓝绿色 第2 512.7 0.455 0.91 黄绿色 第1 545.8 0.745 1.09 蓝色 第3 470.1 0.307 0.80 W915 3 759.51 蓝色 第3 470.1 0.215 0.71 黄绿色 第1 545.8 0.644 1.07 3 769.53 蓝绿色 第2 512.7 0.360 0.87 蓝绿色 第2 512.7 0.367 0.87 蓝绿色 第2 512.7 0.555 0.96 W101 4 375.40 蓝色 第3 470.1 0.306 0.80
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表 3 激光拉曼包裹体成分测定计算结果
Table 3. Calculation result of laser Raman inclusion composition measurement
相态 荧光颜色 CO2(%) CH4(%) C4H6(%) C2H6(%) 包裹体个数 气相 黄色 8 68 24 0 18 黄绿色 8 69 13 10 14 蓝绿色 2 98 0 0 12 液相 黄色 32 45 23 0 13 黄绿色 15 78 0 7 13 蓝绿色 0 95 0 5 10
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表 4 文昌A凹陷珠海组砂岩储层中盐水包裹体均一温度测试结果
Table 4. The test results of the brine inclusion in sandstone reservoir in Zhuhai Formation of Wenchang A sag
井号 构造单元 深度(m) 层位 均一温度范围(℃) W102 断裂带 3 395.65~3 341.80 珠二段 139.1~147.5(n=6) 3 684.17~3 688.25 珠三段 129.1~160.8(n=8) W103 断裂带 3 340.30 珠一段 125.5~135.3(n=6) 3 752.53 珠三段 158.2~178.6(n=6) W112 断裂带 3 565.62 珠二段 119.4~162.7(n=5) W144 断裂带 2 367.11~2 369.48 珠一段 103.3~131.2(n=9) W101 凹陷中心 4 375.40~4 381.50 珠三段 155.5~181.7(n=14) W84 凹陷中心 2 695.77~2 726.70 珠一段 102.7~122.8(n=8) W911 凹陷中心 3 407.20 珠二段 138.4~151.2(n=11) 3 746.70 珠三段 131.1~159.4(n=13) W912 凹陷中心 3 234.00 珠二段 95.3~121.6(n=15) W915 凹陷中心 3 759.51~3 769.53 珠三段 143.1~161.1(n=13) W92 凹陷中心 3 990.23~3 990.93 珠二段 141.5~169.8(n=12) W93 凹陷中心 3 845.61 珠二段 141.9~162.2(n=9) W94 凹陷中心 3 205.30~3 659.60 珠一段 121.3~163.0(n=7) 4 216.83 珠三段 155.1~171.3(n=20) W97 凹陷中心 3 553.45 珠二段 135.5~165.7(n=5) W98 凹陷中心 3 851.50 珠三段 140.0~144.2(n=10)
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表 5 珠海组砂岩含烃流体包裹体捕获压力及古压力系数计算结果
Table 5. Calculation of trapping pressure and paleopressure coefficient based onmeasurement of the hydrocarbon bearing fluid inclusions in sandstone of Zhuhai Formation
荧光颜色 盐度(%) 捕获压力(MPa) 古压力系数 样品数(个) 范围 平均值 范围 平均值 范围 平均值 黄色 0.18~13.83 4.59 28.48~29.66 29.11 0.80~1.00 0.9 104 黄绿色 0.88~14.97 6.26 29.76~30.84 30.31 0.80~1.21 1.1 51 蓝绿色 0.53~12.28 7.03 30.67~33.83 31.76 1.10~1.32 1.2 38
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