Characteristics of Carbonate Cements in Sandstone of Shahejie Formation in Western Depression, Liaohe Basin
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摘要:
碳酸盐胶结物中氧碳同位素组成研究是分析成岩过程中流体-岩石相互作用的重要技术方法.综合运用岩石学、矿物学和地球化学方法，对辽河盆地西部凹陷沙河街组砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物的化学组成和碳酸盐胶结物及成岩流体同位素组成特征进行系统分析.研究表明，研究区碳酸盐岩主要为方解石和白云石，胶结物主要类型为嵌晶式胶结、孔隙式胶结、斑块状胶结和星点状胶结.碳、氧稳定同位素组成能有效地反映成岩-成矿流体及其他物质的来源，碳酸盐胶结物与现今浅层地下水氧同位素组成差异巨大而与变质水同位素组成具有相似性，反映了盆地演化过程中活动热流体对成岩作用的影响.包裹体的氢、氧同位素组成可表征成矿溶液的演化特征，砂岩碳酸盐胶结物包裹体更富集氢的轻同位素和氧的重同位素，表明发生了明显的“氧-18漂移”.碳酸盐胶结的成矿溶液表现出“受热雨水”的同位素组成特征，反映了深源活动热流体对成岩作用的影响.
Abstract:The study of oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions of carbonate cements is an important technical method to analyze fluid-rock interaction during diagenesis. By means of petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry, the chemical composition and isotopic composition of carbonate cements and diagenetic fluids in sandstones of Shahejie Formation in western depression of Liaohe basin are systematically analyzed. The results show that the carbonate rocks in the study area are mainly calcite and dolomite, and the main types of cementation are inlaid cementation, pore cementation, patchy cementation and star-point cementation. The stable isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen can effectively reflect the origin of diagenetic and ore-forming fluids and other materials. The oxygen isotopic composition of carbonate cements is very different from that of shallow groundwater but similar to that of metamorphic water, which reflects the influence of active thermal fluid on diagenesis during basin evolution. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the inclusions can represent the evolution characteristics of the ore-forming solutions. The inclusions of the sandstone carbonate cements are enriched with light isotopes of hydrogen and heavy isotopes of oxygen, indicating the obvious "oxygen-18 drift". The carbonate cemented ore-forming solution shows the isotopic composition of "heated rain", which reflects the influence of deep active thermal fluid on diagenesis.
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Key words:
- Liaohe basin /
- Shahejie Formation /
- carbonate cement /
- isotopic geochemistry /
- petroleum geology
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图 2 辽河盆地欢喜岭上台阶砂岩中碳酸盐含量与孔隙度的关系
Fig. 2. Relationship between carbonate content and porosity in Huanxiling area, Liaohe basin
图 3 辽河盆地欢喜岭上台阶砂岩主要碳酸盐胶结物类型
Fig. 3. The main types of carbonate cements in the upper bench sandstones of Huanxiling, Liaohe basin
图 4 辽河盆地欢喜岭上台阶砂岩碳酸盐胶结物中FeO和MgO含量随深度的变化
Fig. 4. Variation of FeO and MgO contents in carbonate cements of Huanxiling upper bench sandstone with depth in Liaohe basin
图 5 辽河盆地欢喜岭上台阶砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物与天然含氧物质的δ18O值的对比
Fig. 5. Comparison of δ18O values between carbonate cements and natural oxygen-bearing materials in the upper bench sandstone of Huanxiling, Liaohe basin
图 6 辽河盆地欢喜岭上台阶砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物与天然含氧物质的δ13C值的对比
Fig. 6. Comparison of δ13C values between carbonate cements and natural oxygen-bearing materials in the upper bench sandstone of Huanxiling, Liaohe basin
图 7 欢喜岭上台阶砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物包裹体的氢氧同位素组成及其与不同来源水同位素组成的比较(底图据Sheppard，1977)
Fig. 7. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of carbonate cement inclusions in sandstones from Huanxingling upper bench and their comparison with water isotopic compositions from different sources (modified Sheppard, 1977)
表 1 欢喜岭上台阶沙河街组砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物的碳氢同位素组成
Table 1. Hydrocarbon isotopic compositions of carbonate cements in sandstones of Shahejie Formation, Huanxiling upper bench
井号 深度(m) 层位 岩性 δ18O(‰) δ13C
(‰)H127 1 090.62 S3 粉砂岩 28.37 4.818 Q5 1 442.90 S4 平行层理砂岩 13.92 8.872 Q91 1 207.69 S1+2 蜂窝状砂岩 22.13 0.429 Q5 1 395.13 S4 平行层理砂岩 15.65 12.309 HG3 797.85 S1+2 粉砂岩 17.94 10.538 Q214 890.23 S3 生物碎屑砂岩 19.24 -0.355 Q91 1 748.79 S4 粉砂岩 22.35 0.298 D150 980.37 S1+2 粗砂岩 21.69 16.077 Q18 2 032.99 S4 细砂岩 11.61 7.046 Q80 2 269.13 S4 块状中砂岩 13.84 -5.313 Q91 1 686.50 S4 块状砂砾岩 17.17 10.647 D150 1 858.83 S4 水平纹理粉砂岩 15.07 1.701 Q91 1 210.75 S1+2 块状中砂岩 21.37 1.981 D150 1 859.08 S4 中砂岩 14.37 4.742 
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表 2 欢喜岭上台阶沙河街组砂岩中方解石沉淀时成矿热液的氢、氧同位素组成
Table 2. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids during calcite precipitation in sandstones of Shahejie Formation in the upper step of Huanxingling
井号 深度(m) 层位 胶结物 δ18O$ {}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}} $*(‰) δ18O$ {}_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}} $$ {}_{\mathrm{O}} $**(‰) δ18D$ {}_{{\mathrm{H}}_{2}} $$ {}_{\mathrm{O}} $(‰) H127 1 090.62 S3 贫铁方解石 23.87 8.87 -122.7 Q5 1 442.90 S4 低铁方解石 13.92 0.92 -71.7 Q91 1 207.69 S1+2 低铁方解石 22.13 7.63 -154.7 Q5 1 395.13 S4 低铁方解石 15.65 1.15 -166.3 HG3 797.85 S1+2 低铁方解石 17.94 3.54 120.7 Q214 890.23 S3 贫铁方解石 19.24 4.24 -99.4 Q18 2 032.99 S4 低铁方解石 11.61 8.61 -109.8 Q80 2 269.13 S4 低铁方解石 13.84 0.84 -65.2 Q91 1 686.50 S4 低铁方解石 17.19 4.19 -163.2 D150 1 858.83 S4 低铁方解石 15.07 2.07 -75.3 Q91 1 210.75 S1+2 低铁方解石 21.37 6.87 -134.9 D150 1 859.08 S4 低铁方解石 14.37 1.37 -100.1 注：*相当国际标准SMOW之值，**包裹体的δ18O值通过同位素平衡温度计算求得.
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