Strike-Slip Faults in Central and Western Sichuan Basin and Their Control Functions on Hydrocarbon Accumulation
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摘要: 为明确四川盆地中西部走滑断裂与油气成藏的关系，基于三维地震断裂解释，缝洞充填物定年和已发现气藏解剖，揭示了走滑断裂特征、主要活动时期和对油气成藏的控制作用.走滑断裂主要见于震旦系-古生界地层，可划为3个断裂构造变形层；平面上主要分布于川中古隆起及斜坡区，以近EW和NWW-SEE向为主，存在6条近EW向走滑断裂带和两条NW-SE向逆冲断裂带，加里东期-海西早期、海西晚期-印支期和燕山中期-喜山期是走滑断裂主要活动时期.走滑断裂沟通了多套源储组合，对盆地中西部海相多层系立体成藏控制作用明显，已发现油气田和高产井主要分布在走滑断裂带；建立了走滑断裂4种差异化立体成藏模式，指出7个有利勘探区带，可为勘探部署提供理论认识依据.Abstract: In order to clarify the relationship between strike-slip faults and hydrocarbon accumulation of marine strata in the central and western Sichuan basin, based on a large area of 3D seismic data, fine interpretation of faults, isotopic dating of various filling minerals in fractures and caves, comprehensive analyses of discovered typical gas reservoirs, the development and distribution characteristics of the strike-slip faults, the main active period and the control effect on marine oil and gas accumulation are revealed, the natural gas accumulation models of the strike-slip fault zone is established, and the favorable exploration areas are pointed out. The strike-slip faults in the central and western Sichuan basin are characterized by layering and zoning development. The strata develop mainly in the Sinian-Paleozoic strata, and can be divided into three fault developed structural deformation layers; It is mainly distributed in the paleo uplift and anticline area in the middle of Sichuan, mainly in the near east-west fault, with good inheritance from deep to shallow fault; Ziyang Gaoshiti, Jianyang Moxi, Moxibei, Zhongjiang Shehong, Yanting Yingshan and Langzhong are identified as six near east-west main strike-slip fault zones. The dating results of the filling materials in the fractures and caves show that there are mainly three stages of strike-slip faults and fluid activities in Caledonian-Early Hercynian, Late Hercynian-Indosinian and middle Yanshanian-Himalayan. The effects of fault activities on oil and gas accumulation in different periods are different. The strike-slip fault connects multiple sets of source reservoir combinations of Sinian-Paleozoic, and has a significant control effect on the migration and accumulation of marine oil and gas and the three-dimensional reservoir formation of multi-layer system. It has been found that oil and gas fields and high-yield wells are mainly distributed near the strike-slip fault. Four differential three-dimensional reservoir forming models of strike-slip fracture zone are established, and seven favorable exploration areas are pointed out, which can provide basis for exploration deployment.
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图 1 四川盆地中西部海相层系断裂分布与成藏组合柱状图
Fig. 1. Distribution of faults and petroleum plays of marine strata in the central and western Sichuan basin
图 2 四川盆地中西部不同构造层断裂发育特征剖面
Fig. 2. Sections of fault development characteristics of different structural layers in the central and western Sichuan basin
图 3 四川盆地中部高石梯-磨溪三维区不同层位断裂分布
Fig. 3. Fault distribution of different layers of marine strata in Gaoshiti-Moxi area in central Sichuan basin
图 4 四川盆地中西部主干走滑断裂带与已发现油气田分布
Fig. 4. Distribution of main strike-slip fault zones and discovered oil and gas fields in central and western Sichuan basin
图 5 四川盆地中西部海相层系缝洞中充填矿物同位素年龄分布
Fig. 5. Isotopic age distribution of filling minerals in fractures and caves of marine strata in central and western Sichuan basin
图 6 四川盆地主要海相气田天然气同位素组成特征
Fig. 6. Isotopic composition characteristics of natural gas in main marine gas fields in Sichuan basin
图 7 川中地区灯影组探井测试产量与距断层距离、裂缝条数关系
Fig. 7. Relationship between test output of exploratory wells of Dengying Formation in central Sichuan and distance from fault, and number of fractures
图 8 四川盆地中西部典型探井海相各产层试油结果关系
a.上下均富型；b.下富上贫型；c.上富下贫型；d.上下均贫型
Fig. 8. Test output of exploratory wells in different strata in central and western Sichuan basin
图 9 四川盆地中西部走滑断裂带4种差化立体成藏模式
Fig. 9. Four differential stereoscopic accumulation models of strike-slip fault zones in central and western Sichuan Basin
图 10 四川盆地中西部海相层系立体成藏有利区带评价
Fig. 10. Evaluation map of favorable zones for stereoscopic accumulation of marine strata in central and western Sichuan basin
表 1 四川盆地中西部主要走滑断裂带参数统计
Table 1. Statistic of parameters of main strike-slip fault zones in central and western Sichuan basin
断裂带名称 断裂带宽度(km) 断裂带延伸长度(km) 断裂主要方位 上切地层层位 资阳-高石梯走滑断裂带 约35 逾100 近EW或NWW-SEE(103º~112º) 多终止于在二叠系底界，少数终止于飞仙关组底界 简阳-磨溪走滑断裂带 25~35 逾200 NWW-SEE、近EW向为主 东段切穿侏罗系，西段通常不超过龙潭组或飞仙关组 磨溪北走滑断裂带 约10 达200 近EW为主 东段终止于嘉陵江组-雷口坡组膏盐岩；西段多终止在龙潭组或飞仙关组底界 中江-射洪走滑断裂带 10~40 逾200 东段NW-SE, 西段NEE-SWW(81º) 上切至嘉陵江组-雷口坡组膏盐岩 盐亭-营山走滑断裂带 约30 逾170 东段NW-SE(114º), 西段近EW 上切至嘉陵江组-雷口坡组膏盐岩 阆中走滑断裂带 10~15 约80 NW-SE(123º) 上切至嘉陵江组-雷口坡组膏盐岩 
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表 2 四川盆地中西部海相层系立体成藏有利区带统计
Table 2. Statistics of favorable zones for stereoscopic accumulation of marine strata in central and western Sichuan basin
立体成藏有利区带 主要烃源岩 主要储层 走滑断裂发育情况 区带级别 ③金堂-磨溪北有利区 下寒武、上二叠 灯二、灯四、龙王庙、沧浪铺、栖霞和茅口 发育 Ⅰ类区 ④中江-射洪-西充有利区 下寒武、上二叠 灯二、灯四、龙王庙、沧浪铺、栖霞和茅口 发育 ⑤梓潼-盐亭-营山有利区 下寒武、下志留
上二叠灯二、灯四、龙王庙、沧浪铺、栖霞和茅口 发育 ⑥剑阁-阆中有利区 下寒武、下志留
上二叠灯二、灯四，沧浪铺，栖霞、茅口 较发育 ①资阳-高石梯有利区 下寒武、上二叠 灯二、灯四、龙王庙、沧浪铺、栖霞和茅口 发育 Ⅱ类区 ②简阳-磨溪有利区 下寒武、上二叠 灯二、灯四、龙王庙、沧浪铺、栖霞和茅口 发育 ⑦龙岗有利区 下寒武、下志留和上二叠 灯四、沧浪铺、洗象池，长兴、飞仙关组 走滑断裂欠发育，浅层逆断层发育 Ⅲ类区
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