Characteristics of Middle-Deep Faults in the Southern Segment of the Eastern Belt of Yinggehai Basin and Their Controlling Effect on Natural Gas Accumulation
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摘要: 为了明确莺东斜坡带南段中深层断裂特征及其对天然气成藏控制作用，基于新三维地震资料，首次对莺东斜坡带南段中深层断裂进行了精细刻画. 结合区域构造演化特征，分析了断裂类型、形态及活动性，探讨断裂对天然气成藏的控制作用. 结果表明，渐新世-早中新世莺歌海盆地处于左行走滑引起的构造变形应力场中，莺东斜坡带南段位于①号断裂走滑转换带，发育3组NW-SE走向，具左行右阶特征的张扭(局部压扭)走滑断裂. 剖面上三组断裂自北向南呈断阶状样式，断层产状陡直，局部表现为花状构造；断裂主要为3期活动：(1)始新世-早渐新世，(2)晚渐新世早中期，(3)早中新世；具有“早断早衰”的特征. 莺东斜坡带南段中深层断裂多期活动控制了崖城组陆源三角洲及烃源的发育，“二台阶”聚气背景的形成、三亚组砂体空间展布和圈闭的形成. 莺东斜坡带南段天然气生、运、聚匹配良好，有望成为莺歌海盆地下一个千亿方级的天然气聚集区.Abstract: The purpose of this paper lies in clarifying the characteristics of faults in middle-deep layers in the southern segment of the eastern belt of Yinggehai Basin and their controlling effect on natural gas accumulation. Based on the new 3D seismic data, the faults in middle-deep layers in the southern segment of the eastern belt of Yinggehai Basin are described precisely for the first time. Combined with the characteristics of regional tectonic evolution, the types, shapes and activities of the faults are analyzed, and the controlling effect of the faults on natural gas accumulation is discussed. The results show that the Eocene-Early Miocene Yinggehai Basin is in the tectonic deformation stress field caused by left strike-slip. Located in the strike-slip transition zone of the No. 1 fault, the southern segment of the eastern belt of Yinggehai Basin develops three groups of tension-torsion (partialcompression-torsion) strike-slip faults. On the plane, the faults are NW-SE trending, with a left-lateral and right-step distribution. On the section, three groups of the faults are steep in occurrence, and present fault-step-like style and flower-like structures locally. The faults are mainly active in three phases: (1)Eocene-Early Oligocene, (2)Early and Mid-Late Oligocene, (3)Early Miocene, characterized by "early faults early senescence". The multi-stage activities of the faults in middle-deep layers control the development of land source deltas and hydrocarbon sources in the Yacheng Formation, the formulation of the "second step" gas accumulation background, the spatial distribution of sandstone in the Sanya Formation and the formation of traps. With a good match of production, migration and accumulation, the middle-deep layer in the southern section of the eastern belt of Yinggehai Basin is expected to become a natural gas accumulation area of 100 billion cubic meters in the Yinggehai Basin.
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图 1 莺歌海盆地地层特征及研究区位置图
Fig. 1. Stratigraphic characteristics of the Yinggehai Basin and location map of the study area
图 2 莺东斜坡带南段T60沿层最大似然体切片
Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood volume slices along the T60 layer in the southern segment of the eastern belt of the Yinggehai Basin
图 3 莺东斜坡带南段中深层典型剖面
Fig. 3. Typical section of middle-deep layer in the southern segment of the eastern belt of the Yinggehai Basin
图 4 莺东斜坡带南段T70、T60、T52界面断裂平面展布特征与断裂活动性叠合图
a. T70界面断裂平面展布特征与始新统-崖城组断裂活动性叠合图；b. T60界面断裂平面展布特征与三亚组二段断裂活动性叠合图；c. T52界面断裂平面展布特征与三亚组一段断裂活动性叠合图
Fig. 4. Superimposed map of T70, T60, T52 fault plane distribution characteristics and fault activity in the southern segment of the eastern belt of the Yinggehai Basin
图 5 莺东斜坡带南段构造演化特征
Fig. 5. Structural evolution characteristics of the southern segment of the eastern belt of the Yinggehai Basin
图 6 莺琼盆地天然气δ13C1~δ13C2相关图
Fig. 6. Correlation map of natural gas δ13C1~δ13C2 in Yinggehai-qiongdongnan Basin
图 7 莺东斜坡带南段崖城组大型陆源三角洲地震剖面与W-1井T0C分布柱状图
Fig. 7. Large-scale terrigenous delta seismic profile of Yacheng Formation and histogram of T0C distribution in Well W-1 in the southern segment of the eastern belt of the Yinggehai Basin
图 8 莺东斜坡带南段早中新世三亚组古地貌图与三角洲典型剖面
Fig. 8. Early miocene Sanya formation paleomorphology map and typical delta section in the southern segment of the eastern belt of the Yinggehai Basin
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